还有女人不得不卑贱地活着
人类文明演进到今天，依然有很多地方的女人，还没有资格像一个平等的人一样普普通通的活着。
和男人相比，五分之一的平均薪水，只有五分之一的女人参与工作赚钱，一半的女人是文盲。
这些数字，听起来似乎是百年前的“远古”中国故事，但是，很不幸，却是实实在在的现实。而且，产生这种现实的国家，还不都是极度贫穷和贫瘠的土地。
从这个数字看，你估计也能够多点理解：为什么我们的美国政府有时候会费钱费力，去充当国际警察，爱管“闲事”。如果真的任由自生自灭，很多地方的女人，很可能在百年之后，还是拥有她们“祖辈”在今天的低下地位。
有时候我想，在一个母亲缺乏教育，缺乏被尊重的国度，他们的子女们又会如何的变得更加文明，社会又怎么可能变的进步，国家又如何可以富强和强大。
母亲的影响力是巨大的，来自母亲内心的感受，不可能不通过平常的言语传达给自己的子女，并且借此影响他们的人生。
如果只是从分工的角度考量，如此极端的强制性，似乎难以说明效率。况且，这样打压，最终还是会给男人自己造成更大的压力。
睁眼看世界，还有很多让我们难以相信的现象存在着。
The Most Unfair Countries For Women
October 30, 2013 by Mike Sauter
Source: Thinkstock
By many measures,
the United States is the wealthiest economy in the world. However, according to a recent survey,
women do not benefit nearly as much as men. The U.S. ranked 23rd in the world for gender equality, behind countries including South Africa, Cuba,
and the Philippines.
The World Economic Forum (WEF) report, the 2013 Global
Gender Gap Report, measured the disparities between men and women in 136
countries. In the nations that scored the worst, economic and educational
opportunities, as well as political representation and health outcomes, were
far worse for women than for men. According to the report, Iceland was the best country for gender
equality, while Yemen was the worst. 24/7 Wall St. reviewed the 10 nations with the worst gender-based inequality.
The world’s worst countries for
gender inequality consistently failed to provide the same education
opportunities for women that were available for men. Five of these nations were
among the bottom 10 countries measured for equality of educational attainment.
According to the most recently
available data, just 49% of Yemeni women and 40% of Pakistani women were
literate, compared to 82% and 69% of men, respectively. Last year, the
Pakistani Taliban shot teenager Malala Yousafzai for actively promoting girls’
right to an education. She survived and was nominated for this year’s Nobel
Peace Prize for her activism.
Women in countries with extreme
gender inequality frequently also lack representation in political office.
Women accounted for at least 20% of parliament in only three of the 10 worst
nations. In Yemen,
there are no female members of parliament. Only one of these nations, Pakistan, has
had a female head of state in the last 50 years. Pakistan’s former prime minister,
Benazir Bhutto — the sole woman to lead any of these countries — was
assassinated in 2007.
While the rank is based on the
inequality between men and women, the nations also tended to among the worst
countries for women overall. Nine of them had among the world’s worst labor
force participation rates. Similarly, in half of the nations more than half of
all women were illiterate, according to the latest available data.
24/7 Wall St. reviewed the 10 nations that received the
worst score in the World Economic Forum’s 2013
Global Gender Gap Report. Each country was graded based on its score in four
key areas: economic participation and opportunity; educational attainment;
health and survival; and political empowerment. Countries scored worse by each
measure when the gap between men and women for that measure was the widest. For
example, women in Yemen do
not have the lowest literacy rate in the world, but the gap between men and
women by that measure is the widest, so Yemen received the lowest score for
literacy. At the time the WEF produced their study all figures represented the
most recently available data.
These are the most unfair
countries for women.
10. Saudi Arabia
> Income gap: 19% (3rd worst)
> Labor force participation (m/f): 76%/18%
> Literacy rate (m/f): 91%/82%
> Pct. women in parliament: 20%
Only 18% of working age Saudi
women are part of the workforce, less than only four other countries. Saudi
women earn an estimated $7,156 annually, while Saudi men made around $37,661 on
average — one of the widest gaps globally. Saudi Arabia is also the only country
where women are not allowed to drive. This past Saturday, activists called upon
Saudi women to violate the ban. The rule is one of many separating women from
men in the country: “Guardianship laws” include prohibitions on women from
marrying, working, or travelling abroad without male permission.
9. Mali
> Income gap: 41%
(20th worst)
> Labor force participation (m/f): 71%/38%
> Literacy rate (m/f): 43%/25%
> Pct. women in parliament: 10%
Low educational attainment is a
major contributor to gender inequality in Mali, with only four countries
receiving worse marks from the WEF. Women were far less likely than men to be
literate. Just 25% of the women aged 15 and over surveyed were able to read and
write a simple sentence about their lives, among the lowest rates in the world.
Although educational attainment is poor among both genders, Malian girls and
women are less likely than their male counterparts to be enrolled at each level
of education. This disparity worsens at higher levels of education. In addition
to a wide gender imbalance, the country has recently had to deal with
considerable internal unrest. Last year, Islamic extremists took advantage of
the instability that followed a coup in Mali’s
capital, Bamako, and seized power in northern Mali. This lead
to a brief war, during which France and bordering nations helped secure Mali
against rebel forces.
8. Morocco
> Income gap: 28%
(tied-12th worst)
> Labor force participation (m/f): 78%/26%
> Literacy rate (m/f): 76%/58%
> Pct. women in parliament: 17%
Only about one in four working
age women in Morocco were part of the labor force, one of the lowest proportions of all the
countries reviewed by the WEF. This trend mirrors the social expectation in Morocco that
women stay at home and go out only seldomly. Women in Morocco are
also among the least likely to be literate, with only just over half of the
female population aged 15 and over statement about their lives. Despite the
gender-based disparities in educational attainment in the country — Morocco scored
worse than over 100 other countries in this category — there is still evidence
of a female voice in the country. An exhibition currently at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston features work by female photographers
from Morocco and several Arab countries.
7. Iran
> Income gap: 21%
(tied-4th worst)
> Labor force participation (m/f): 75%/17%
> Literacy rate (m/f): 89%/81%
> Pct. women in parliament: 3%
Iran received some of the lowest scores in the
world for its gender disparities in economic participation. While 75% of
working age men were in the labor force, just 17% of working age women
participate, lower than all but three other nations. Estimated earned incomes
differ considerably between both genders, as well, with men earning nearly five
times what women do. Politically, the nation is male dominated: Just 3% of
members of parliament are women, and men outnumber women in ministerial
positions ten to one. A recent report from a U.N. representative noted 30
female presidential candidates were all ruled ineligible for the country’s
presidential election due to their gender.
6. Ivory Coast
> Income gap: 48%
(35th worst)
> Labor force participation (m/f): 82%/52%
> Literacy rate (m/f): 66%/48%
> Pct. women in parliament: 10%
Eleven percent of appropriately
aged men were enrolled in some form of tertiary education in the Ivory Coast,
compared to just 6% of women. The state of health in the Ivory Coast was
poor, but residents, whether they are male or female, had similar healthy life
expectancies. The overall gap between men and women in the country is wide, but
women are not completely helpless in the country. Laurent Gbagbo, the former
president responsible for the country’s recent civil war, is said to have
shared power with his wife, Simone. She is regarded by the international
community as equally responsible for the violence following her husband’s loss
of the presidency in 2010. Recently, however, the Ivorian government rejected
an arrest warrant for the former first lady the first issued for a woman by the
International Criminal Court.
5. Mauritania
> Income gap: 28%
(tied-12th lowest)
> Labor force participation (m/f): 80%/29%
> Literacy rate (m/f): 65%/52%
> Pct. women in parliament: 22%
Mauritania’s gender gap for health is actually among
the best in the world. Healthy women are expected to live in normal health for
three years longer on average than men. However, by measures of equality in
education and economic participation, the West African nation is among the
worst in the world. Just 29% of women are actively involved in the labor force,
compared to 80% of men. Women also earned just 28% of what men earn on average,
the worst wage gap of any country measured by the WEF. Another factor making
matters worse for Mauritanian women is the well-documented persistence of
slavery in the country. It has been reported that women are subject to forced
marriages and sexual abuse.
4. Syria
> Income gap: 15%
(the worst)
> Labor force participation (m/f): 75%/14%
> Literacy rate (m/f): 90%/78%
> Pct. women in parliament: 12%
Syria has never known a female leader. However,
two women — Suhair Atassi and Razan Zaitouneh — have been key leaders in the
uprising against President Bashar Assad. According to USA Today, these Syrian
women are poised to put Syria in the forefront of female representation in the Arab world. Atassi and
Zaitouneh are exceptional in Syria,
however, where only 14% of working-age women participated in the labor force,
the lowest percentage of all the countries reviewed by the WEF. Three-quarters
of working-age men, on the other hand, are engaged in the labor market. The
ratio is one of the most imbalanced in the world.
3. Chad
> Income gap: 62%
(58th best)
> Labor force participation (m/f): 80%/65%
> Literacy rate (m/f): 46%/25%
> Pct. women in parliament: 15%
When asked to read a simple
written sentence about everyday life, only one-quarter of women in Chad could do so, compared with about half of men. Poor literacy among women may be
due in part to low enrollment in school. While nearly three-quarters of
eligible boys attended primary school, only just over half of eligible girls
do. Most female students do not continue to secondary education, with only 5%
appropriately-aged females enrolled, less than a third of the rate for males.
Low life expectancy and the many health concerns in the country, however, do
not discriminate. Both men and women can expect to live about the same healthy
number of years. According to Amnesty International, Chadian authorities have
“consistently failed to prevent and address sexual violence by both state and
non-state agents.”
2. Pakistan
> Income gap: 21%
(4th worst)
> Labor force participation (m/f): 86%/23%
> Literacy rate (m/f): 69%/40%
> Pct. women in parliament: 20%
Only one other nation, Syria, received worse scores than Pakistan for
inequality in economic opportunities between genders. Just 23% of women
participate in the workforce, versus 86% of men, one of the widest disparities
in the world. Just 3% of all individuals in managerial and leadership positions
are women, worse than any nation except Yemen. The nation also received
some of the worst marks for gender gaps in educational attainment. Just 40% of
women can read, versus 69% of men, and just 65% of appropriately-aged girls are
enrolled in primary school, versus 79% of boys the same age. Pakistan is one
of just six nations in which a woman’s healthy life expectancy was shorter than
a man’s. However, unlike the U.S., Pakistan has had a female head of state. Benazir Bhutto served as prime minister from
1988 to 1990, and from 1993 until 1996. She was assassinated in late 2007.
1. Yemen
> Income gap: 27%
(8th worst)
> Labor force participation (m/f): 74%/26%
> Literacy rate (m/f): 82%/49%
> Pct. women in parliament: 0%
Yemen is, according to the WEF, the worst country
for gender equality. The country had the worst representation by women in
managerial or leadership positions. Just one out of every 50 legislators,
senior officials and managers was a woman, the worst ratio of any country
measured. Yemen is one of the few countries that does not have a single woman in parliament.
Women are often not considered legitimate witnesses in court without a male to
back up their story, and they are not allowed to testify at all on many issues.
Less than half of the country’s women can read, compared to 82% of men. The
country also scores very poorly for education equality. Just 31% of women of the
eligible age for secondary education were enrolled, compared to nearly half of
all men.
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