本来想偷点懒的，即从维基百科直接复制有关言论自由的中文，但发现中文翻译错误太多了，索性我自己慢慢翻译吧。建议姜维平兄对照中英文认真学习，尽快将自己的英文水平提高到初学者的水平。姜维平兄的写作能力实在太差，经常逻辑混乱，词不达意，行文中不仅上下矛盾，而且左右也矛盾，有时老夫真有点怀疑姜兄的智商抑或脑子有问题。我还发现，姜兄的心胸还没有狗的睾丸大，报复心极强。。。这些，我将在后面的行文中具体探讨。在一下的几个小节中，老夫将重点向姜兄传授有关“言论自由”的内容，尽最大努力争取使姜兄变得聪明一点，别动不动就让人说你姜维平傻里透着B气！这真的不是夸你，实在是在骂你啊！不过，老夫也发现姜兄的脸皮很厚的，估计姜兄不知道中文里还有“不要脸”三字或“无耻”二字！关于姜兄的以上各有点，老夫都会用因为。。。所以。。。来证明的！

Freedom of speech  言论自由

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 译自维基，自由的百科全书

Freedom of speech is the political right to communicate one's ideas via speech. The term freedom of expression is sometimes used synonymously, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. In practice, the right to freedom of speech is not absolute in any country and the right is commonly subject to limitations, as with libel, slander, obscenity and incitement to commit a crime.

言论自由是通过言论传达自己观点的政治权利，有时也用与其同义的“表达自由”这一术语。勿论使用何种介质，表达自由包括谋求，接受和传播信息及观点的任何行动。事实上，言论自由的权利在任何国家都不是绝对的，这种权利普遍受到限制，如，诽谤中伤，造谣，猥亵淫秽和煽动犯罪。

The right to freedom of expression is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in international human rights law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Article 19 of the ICCPR states that "[e]veryone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice". Article 19 goes on to say that the exercise of these rights carries "special duties and responsibilities" and may "therefore be subject to certain restrictions" when necessary "[f]or respect of the rights or reputation of others" or "[f]or the protection of national security or of public order (order public), or of public health or morals".

在《世界人权宣言》第十九条，表达自由的权利被公认为基本人权；在《公民及政治权利国际公约》第十九条，它被公认为国际人权法（ICCPR）。ICCPR第十九条为：【人人有权持有主张而不受干涉】和【人人有表达自由的权利，这一权利应该包括谋求，接受和传播各种类型的信息及观点的任何行动，勿论国界，亦勿论以艺术或其他任何自己选择的形式存在的语言，文字和出版物】。第十九条接着说：【这些权利的行使带有“特别的义务和责任”，并且可能在必要时“因而受到一定的限制”；“尊重他人权利和名誉”或“保障国家安全或公共秩序，或公共健康或道德”。

         The right to freedom of speech and expression 言论自由权和表达自由权

Concepts of freedom of speech can be found in early human rights documents.[3] England’s Bill of Rights 1689 granted 'freedom of speech in Parliament' and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted during the French Revolution in 1789, specifically affirmed freedom of speech as an inalienable right.[4] The Declaration provides for freedom of expression in Article 11, which states that: "The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may, accordingly, speak, write, and print with freedom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law."[5]

       言论自由的概念可在早起的人权文件中发现，英国的1689“人权法案”给予在国会中“言论自由”的权利，在1789年被法国革命采用的“人和公民人权宣言”明确地表示言论自由是不可剥夺的权利。《人权宣言》的第11条规定：“自由地传达思想和意见是人的最宝贵的权利之一。因此，每一公民可以自由地言论，写作和出版；但是否构成对这一自由权利的滥用由法律判定”。

Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948, states that:     "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers."[6]

1948年采用的《世界人权宣言》规定：“人人有自由发表意见和表达的权利；这一权利包括人人有权持有主张而不受干涉，和勿论国界地谋求，接受和传播任何形式的信息及观点”。（待续）