| 如果你在乎对经济未来走势的了解，如果你想从经济走势的变化规律的理解和对于这种理解的“先知”中获得利益的话，那么，好好的观察一下你身边正在悄悄发生的，看上去很不起眼的变化，你就能够很容易的实现自己的目的。下面这篇文章有点意思，还是你自己读读吧。 What Olive Garden and Red Lobster tell us about the economy By Neil Irwin, Friday, September 21 What can bottomless pasta bowls and cheddar biscuits tell us about the economy? More than you might think. Darden Restaurants, the Orlando-based company that owns the Olive Garden, Red Lobster and other mid-scale restaurant chains, reported solid financial results for the quarter ended in August on Thursday morning. Revenue was up almost 5 percent from a year earlier, and earnings were up 4 percent. It is not alone; other restaurant chains are also reporting solid growth. Buried inside those numbers, and in the longer-term trends of which they are part, are some lessons for where the United States is going. The restaurant industry has been one of the bright spots of the last decade. There were 18 percent more jobs at full-service restaurants in July than a decade earlier, compared with 2.2 percent more jobs overall. A typical Olive Garden or Red Lobster, according to a Darden filing with the SEC, has three to five managers and 50 to 185 hourly employees. In a world in which any good that can be easily shipped is subject to intense global competition, things that can’t be shipped (like a freshly steamed lobster or made-to-order pasta dish) are an area in which American jobs are relatively safe. Restaurant jobs benefit not just from the fact that a prepared steak will be cold by the time it is imported from China, but also from long-term trends in how Americans live. A century ago, eating chicken for dinner meant killing and plucking a chicken from the backyard; half a century ago, it meant buying an entire chicken at the store and cooking it. Now it can mean going to your neighborhood Olive Garden and eating it cooked and sliced over pasta and a gooey alfredo sauce. But details of Darden’s earnings report Thursday show some of the less promising trends for the American economy behind this generally optimistic story. First, the middle class remains squeezed while the affluent seem to be faring fairly well. At Darden’s premium brand, the steakhouse chain Capital Grille (where the average per-person check is between $70 and $72), same-restaurant sales rose 4 percent. At the firm’s restaurants aimed at the middle class, same-restaurant sales were more mixed: up 0.3 percent at Olive Garden and down 2.6 percent at Red Lobster. Second — and this is part of the same story — restaurant workers are getting a smaller share of the money that comes in the door. Revenue for the company rose 4.8 percent in the quarter over a year earlier, while restaurant labor expense rose only 2.2 percent. It is part of a trend: In the 2010 fiscal year, labor costs represented 33.1 percent of sales; labor costs went down to 31.3 percent in the 2012 fiscal year that ended earlier in the year and down to 30.4 percent in the first quarter of the 2013 fiscal year. To Darden and its investors that is good news. On its conference call Thursday morning, one analyst asked whether the decline in labor costs was a one-time thing or would continue over time. “We would expect to continue to see year-over-year improvement on the restaurant labor line,” said a Darden executive. “Maybe not as great as in the first quarter.” This isn’t to blame Darden; any employer pays only the wages it has to pay to get capable workers. It is instead an indictment of the U.S. economy as a whole. If the unemployment rate were 5 percent instead of 8.1 percent, it would surely be harder for Darden to find qualified chefs and waiters, and it would have to pay more. In fact, you would expect an industry that is growing as a share of the economy to see higher wage gains than shrinking industries, as workers’ training lags changes in the economy. High unemployment means that workers at Darden don’t have the negotiating leverage to demand big raises; there is always another jobless worker around to take their job. Economies can adjust in healthy ways. The United States could, in theory, have moved from the housing-centric economy of six years ago to the more service-oriented economy of today by displaced construction workers getting jobs in the kitchen of an Olive Garden. Instead, nearly five years later, we still have mass unemployment, which is bad for almost everybody. | 
