ZT自：http://svan.ca/police-rights/

（不好意思，英文版的。文末附上谷歌翻译版的，错误不少，仅供参考）

A Citizen’s Guide to Rights When Dealing With Police (in Canada)

svan.ca : Police rights

Know your rights

When dealing with the police, it is important to know what your rights are. This document will provide you with information about what you must do, what you do not have to do, and what you may wish to do in situations involving the police.

This pamphlet contains general information only. It is not a substitute for legal advice and is not intended to replace legal advice from a qualified lawyer. Persons seeking legal advice or guidance with a particular problem should consult with a qualified lawyer.

What if I am stopped by the police?

Police officers can stop you under three general circumstances:

• If they suspect that you have committed a crime

• If they see you committing a crime

• If you are driving

If the police do not arrest you or if they do not have grounds to detain you, they must let you be on your way. To find out if you are under arrest or detention, politely ask the officers, “Am I under arrest?” If they say yes, you can ask why. Alternatively, you may ask the officer “Am I free to go?”, and if the answer is no, ask “why not?”

Do I have to answer their questions?

The police are allowed to approach you and ask you questions. In most cases, you do not have to answer their questions if you don’t want to. However, it is always a good idea to be polite.

If you have been involved in a car accident, and the police ask you questions about the accident, you could be charged with an offence if you do not provide any answers.

If you are detained by the police, they must inform you that you can talk with a lawyer and provide you with an opportunity to do so. It may be a good idea to not answer questions from the police until you have spoken with a lawyer.

Anything you say to the police could be used as evidence in court. Under some circumstances, statements that you are required by law to provide, such as accident reports, cannot be used against you, but this rule is not absolute.

What if the police ask who I am?

If stopped by the police, they will likely ask for your name and address. They may also ask you for identification. In most cases, you are not required to provide this information.

However, if you lie about your name or address you may be charged with obstructing justice or obstructing the police.

If you are stopped while driving, the police may ask to see your driver’s licence, car registration and insurance. You are required to provide this information, and if you fail to do so you may be charged with an offence.

If you are riding a bicycle, and the police see you commit an offence (such as failing to stop at a red light), they can stop you.6 If asked, you must provide your name and address to the police in these circumstances. They can arrest you if you refuse to do so.

What if I am stopped by the police while driving?

The police can stop cars at any time to determine if a driver has consumed alcohol or drugs, to see whether a car is mechanically fit, to check whether a driver has a valid licence, or to make sure a driver has insurance. The police may also stop your car if they suspect that you have committed a driving offence.

If the police ask to see your driver’s licence, car registration and insurance, you are required by law to produce these documents. If any of these documents are in the glove compartment, tell the officer that you are reaching for the document before doing so.

Can the police check to see if I have been drinking alcohol?

If the police suspect that you have been drinking alcohol, they can make you do a roadside breath test. They can also ask you to do a physical sobriety test, such as walking in a straight line, on the side of the road.12 You do not have a right to speak to a lawyer before taking a roadside test.

If the police have reasonable grounds to suspect that you have more alcohol in your blood than the legal limit, or that your ability to drive has been affected by alcohol, they can take you to the police station to do a breath test, sometimes called a “breathalyzer test”. You do have the right to speak to a lawyer before taking a breath test at a police station.

Can the police search my car?

If your car has been stopped by the police to check your sobriety, the mechanical condition of the car, or your licence, registration or insurance, the police cannot search your car. They are, however, allowed to look in the windows of your car, and may use a flashlight to do this if it is nighttime.

The police are only allowed to search your car if they have reasonable and probable grounds to believe that there are illegal drugs or alcohol or evidence relating to the commission of a crime in the car. They must also believe that the evidence, drugs or alcohol would be removed or destroyed if they were to get a search warrant.

When can the police search me?

In most cases, the police can only search you only if you have been placed under arrest or if you have consented to the search. However, there are exceptions. These include:

• If the police find you in a place where they are searching for drugs, and they have reason to believe that you have drugs.

• The police find you in a vehicle where people are transporting or drinking alcohol illegally, and they believe that you have alcohol.

• The police believe that you have an illegal weapon or one that was used to commit a crime, and suspect that it might be removed or destroyed in the time it would take to get a search warrant.

If the police search you for any of these reasons, you must allow the search. If you believe that you have been wrongly searched, tell the police that you object to the search, and speak to a lawyer afterwards about your concerns.

If the police search you in relation to one offence, and find evidence that you may have committed another offence, you can be charged in relation to the second offence.

For example, if they search you on suspicion of having drugs, but find an illegal weapon, you can be charged with possession of the illegal weapon.

What if I am detained?

The police have a right to briefly detain you if they are investigating a crime and have reasonable grounds to believe that you are connected to that crime. This type of detention is different from being placed under arrest.

If you have been detained but not arrested, and a police officer believes that there are reasonable grounds to think that his safety or the safety of others is at risk, the officer may do a “pat-down” search of you to check for weapons.

If you are being detained, you do not have to answer any questions posed by the police.

What if I am arrested?

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is part of Canada’s constitution, sets out the rights that individuals have when they have been arrested.

If you are placed under arrest, the police may search you, your clothes and anything you are carrying. They can also search your “immediate surroundings”, which could include your car if that is where you are arrested.

The police are allowed to search you after you have been arrested as long as they believe that the search is necessary for the safety of the police and the public, to protect evidence from destruction, or to discover evidence that may relate to your guilt or innocence.

Will the police tell me why I am under arrest?

You have the right to be informed promptly of the reason for your arrest. If you are unsure, you should politely ask the police officer why you are being arrested.

Do I have to speak to the police if I am arrested?

If you are arrested, you have the right to remain silent. This means that you do not have to answer any questions asked by the police.

Can I speak to a lawyer?

Once you are arrested, you have a right to speak to a lawyer, and the police must advise you of this right as soon as possible. The police must also tell you about Legal Aid and your right to free legal services.

If you wish to contact a lawyer, the police must provide you with a telephone. They must also allow you to make more than one phone call in order to reach a lawyer, if necessary. The police must also stop questioning you until you have been given an opportunity to contact a lawyer. You have the right to speak to a lawyer in private.

Once you have spoken to your lawyer, the police may continue to ask you questions. You do not have to answer these questions.

What if the police come to my home?

The police are allowed to come to your home to talk to you, but you are not generally required to answer their questions or grant them access to your home.

When can the police enter my home?

There are a number of circumstances in which the police are allowed to enter your home. These include:

• The police have a warrant to enter your home to arrest someone

• The police have a search warrant

• The police have permission from you or someone else in authority in your home

• There are urgent circumstances that require the police to enter your home

The police may also enter your home if they suspect that a crime has been committed in relation to property in your home. In this case, the suspected criminal activity must have been committed against you, not by you.

What are my rights if the police have a warrant?

A search warrant allows the police to search your home and take certain items that they find. Police are allowed to take items that you are not legally allowed to have, such as illegal drugs, or items that may be evidence of an offence. If the police take something that was legally in your possession, they are generally required to return it to you within 3 months. If it is not returned to you, contact the police.

If the police come to your home with a search warrant, they must identify themselves and ask permission to come in. If they have a valid search warrant, you must let them in. If you refuse, they may enter your home without permission. If you try to prevent them from coming into your home, you may be charged with obstructing the police.

In most cases, the police must also show you a copy of the warrant. If they do not offer to show you the warrant, you can ask them to see it. Make sure that the information on the warrant is correct. For example, check that the correct name and address are listed and see if there are any time limits about when the police can use the warrant.

The police are expected to act reasonably in their search. This means that they are not allowed to use excessive force or damage property for no reason.

In what urgent circumstances can the police enter my home?

The police can enter your home without your permission in the following urgent circumstances:

• A 911 call has been made from your home, and the police believe that entry is necessary to prevent death or serious injury.

• Where the police believe that someone in the home is in need of emergency services.

• To help someone who has reported a domestic assault to safely remove their belongings.

• To protect people from injury if the police suspect that there is a drug laboratory in the home.

Originally distributed by the Canadian Civil Liberties Association in a slightly useless PDF format.

公民权利指南：在加国如何应对警察(ZT)

知道你的权益

在与警方打交道，重要的是要知道自己的权利是什么。本文将为你提供关于你必须做什么样的信息，你不必做什么，你可能希望在涉及警察的情况下该怎么做。

这本小册子只包含一般信息。这不是法律建议的替代品，不是为了一个合格的律师代替法律意见。寻求法律意见或指导与一个特定问题的人员应具有专业资格的咨询律师。

如果我被警察拦下什么？

警察可以在三个一般情况下阻止你：

• 如果他们怀疑你犯了罪

• 如果他们看到你犯了罪

• 如果你驾驶

如果警方不逮捕你，或者他们没有理由扣留你，他们必须让你用自己的方式(自主离开-博主注）。要了解，如果你是在逮捕或拘留，礼貌地询问有关人员，“难道我被逮捕了？”如果他们说是的，你可以问为什么。或者，你可能会问有关人员：“我是可以走了？”如果答案是否定的，问：“为什么不呢？”

我一定要回答他们的问题？

警察被允许接近你，问你问题。在大多数情况下，你不必回答他们的问题，如果你不想。然而，它始终是要有礼貌一个好主意。

如果您一直在参与一场车祸，警察问你关于事故的问题，您可以用进攻来收取，如果你不提供任何答案。

如果您被警方拘留，他们一定会告诉你，你可以与律师交谈，并为您提供一个机会，这样做。这可能是一个好主意，直到你跟律师谈过，不回答警方的问题。

你对警察说什么，可作为法庭证据。在某些情况下，你必须依法报表提供，如事故报告，不能被用来对付你，但这个规则也不是绝对的。

如果警察问我是谁？

如果被警察拦下，他们可能会问你的姓名和地址。他们也可能要求你鉴别。在大多数情况下，你是不是要求提供这些信息。

但是，如果你撒谎，你的名字或地址，你可能会被控妨碍司法公正或阻碍警察。

如果你停止一边开车，警方可要求查看您的驾驶执照，车辆登记和保险。您需要提供这些信息，如果你不这样做，你可以用进攻进行充电。

如果你是骑自行车，警察看到你犯的罪行（如没有停在红灯），他们可以停止you.6如果问，你必须在这些情况下，警方提供您的姓名和地址。如果你拒绝这样做，他们可以逮捕你。

如果我被警察开车时停止了怎么办？

警察可以随时停下车来确定是否驾驶员已经消耗酒精或药物，看车是否适合机械，检查司机是否有有效的许可证，或者以确保驱动程序有保险。警方还会停止在您的车，如果他们怀疑你犯驾驶罪行。

如果警察要求查看您的驾驶执照，汽车登记和保险，则需要由法律来产生这些文件。如果任何这些文件都在手套箱，告诉你这样做之前到达文档的官员。

警方可以检查，看看是否我一直喝酒？

如果警察怀疑你已饮酒，它们可以让你做一个路边酒精测试。他们还可以要求你做一个物理清醒测试，如走在一条直线上，在road.12侧面您不必采取路旁测试之前，律师话语权。

如果警察有合理理由怀疑你在你的血液超过法定限度有更多的酒，或者说你的驾驶能力已受到酒精，他们可以带你到派出所做了呼气测试，有时也被称为“酒精测试”。你必须采取呼气测醉试验在警察局前律师话语权。

警方可以搜索我的车？

如果你的车已经停在警察检查你的清醒，汽车的机械状态，或者您的许可，登记，保险，警方无法搜索你的车。他们，然而，让您的汽车的窗户看，并可以使用手电筒这样做，如果是夜间。

警方只允许搜索你的车，如果他们有合理及可能的理由相信，有关于在车上犯罪的非法毒品或酒精或证据。他们还必须相信证据，药物或酒精将被删除或如果他们得到搜查证破坏。

警方当可以搜索我吗？

在大多数情况下，警方只能搜索你只有你已被逮捕，或者如果您已同意搜索。不过，也有例外。这些包括：

如果警察发现你在他们正在搜查毒品的地方，他们有理由相信，你有药。

警察发现你在那里的人们运送或者非法饮酒的车辆，他们认为你有酒精。

警方相信，你有非法武器或用于犯罪的，并怀疑它可能会被删除或者它会采取获得搜查令的时候销毁。

如果警察搜索你任何的这些原因，你必须允许搜索。如果你认为你被错误地搜索，告诉你反对搜警察，以及您的关注与律师随后发言。

如果警察搜索，你就一项罪行，并找到证据，你可能犯了另一项罪行，可相对于第二次进攻不收取费用。

举例来说，如果他们寻找你有毒品的嫌疑，却发现非法武器，你可被控以藏有非法武器。

如果我被扣留？

警方不得不短暂扣留你，如果他们正在调查犯罪，并有合理理由相信您已连接到犯罪的权利。这种类型的拘留是被划归逮捕的不同。

如果你已被拘留，但没有被捕，和一名警官认为，有合理理由认为他的安全或他人的安全受到威胁，有关人员可能会做一个“搜身”搜索您检查武器。

如果您被拘留，你不必回答警方提出的任何问题。

如果我被捕？

权利和自由加拿大宪章，这是加拿大宪法的一部分，规定了，当他们被逮捕的个人拥有的权利。

如果你被逮捕，警方可以搜索你，你的衣服和任何你携带。他们还可以搜索你的“周围环境”，其中可能包括你的车，如果这是你在哪里被捕。

警察被允许搜索你，你一直在，只要他们认为搜索是必要的警察和公众的安全，保护证据销毁，或者发现的证据表明，可能涉及到你的有罪或无罪逮捕后， 。

警方会告诉我为什么我被逮捕？

您有权及时为您逮捕的原因告知。如果你不确定，你应该礼貌地询问警察，为什么你被逮捕。

我有，如果我被捕的警察说话？

如果你被捕，你有权保持沉默的权利。这意味着，你不必回答警察提出的任何问题。

我可以请律师说话？

一旦你被逮捕，你要说话，律师的权利，警方必须尽快通知您的这种权利越好。警方还必须告诉你关于法律援助与您的权利，免费法律服务。

如果你想与律师联系，警方必须向您提供一个电话。他们还必须让你做出一个以上的电话，以便在必要时达成的律师。警方也必须停止质疑你，直到你被给予机会接触律师。你必须说话，在私人律师的权利。

一旦你说你的律师，警察可能会继续问你的问题。你不必回答这些问题。

如果警察来我家怎么办？

警察被允许来你家和你说话，但你通常不需要回答他们的问题或授予他们访问你的家。

警察当能进入我的家？

有许多，其中警察被允许进入你的家的情况。这些包括：

• 警察有搜查令进入你的家，逮捕人

• 警察有搜查令

• 警方有权从您或某个其他权力在你的家

• 有迹象表明，要求警方进入您的家庭紧急情况下

如果他们怀疑一个犯罪的关系一直致力于财产在你的家，警方还可能进入你的家。在这种情况下，涉嫌犯罪活动必须一直致力于打击你，不是你。

什么是我的权利。如果警察有搜查令？

搜查令允许警方搜索你的家，并采取他们认为某些项目。警方获准参加，你是不是在法律上不允许有物品，如毒品，或可能是罪行的证据的物品。如果警方采取的东西，在法律上在你的身上，他们一般都需要给它3个月内返还给您。如果不还给你，与警方联络。

如果警察来你家搜查令，他们必须确定自己并请求允许进来。如果他们有一个有效的搜查令，你必须让他们进来。如果你拒绝，他们可以进入你的家未经许可。如果你试图阻止他们进入你的家，你可能会被指控妨碍警察。

在大多数情况下，警方还必须证明你的手令的副本。如果他们不提供给你展示令，你可以要求他们看到它。确保对权证的信息是正确的。例如，检查正确的名称和地址都列，看看是否还有约当警察可以使用权证的时间限制。

警方预计将在其搜索采取合理的行动。这意味着，他们不能过度使用武力或财产损失没有理由。

在什么紧急情况下可以进入警察我的家？

警方可以进入你的家没有在下列紧急情况下您的许可：

• 911电话已经从你家造的，警方认为有必要进入，以防止死亡或严重伤害。

• 当警方认为，有人在家里正需要紧急服务。

• 为了帮助别人谁报告了国内袭击安全地移除他们的财物。

• 为了保护人们免受伤害，如果警方怀疑，有在家里的药物实验室。