Stray Birds

By Rabindranath Tagore

威利•波加尼（Willy Pogány）為初版《漂飛鳥》（The Macmillan Company, 1916）所作的插圖

《漂飛鳥》新譯選載

（印度）羅賓德拉納特·泰戈爾著

傅正明譯

I, who have the amphibious duality of nature in me, whose food is in the West and breathe air in the East, do not find a place where I can build my nest. I shall suppose I shall have to be a migratory bird and cross and recross the sea, owning two nests, one on each shore.

--Rabindranath Tagore

From A Letter to William Rothenstein　(July 6, 1917)

我有天生的水陸兩棲特性，食物在西方，氣韻在東方，找不到一片可築巢之地。我想像自己乃是一苹候鳥，將一再穿越大海，此岸彼岸，各有一個巢。

――羅賓德拉納特·泰戈爾

摘自泰戈爾致威廉·羅森斯坦的書信（1917年7月6日）

泰戈爾詩歌經典《漂飛鳥》(Stray Birds，舊譯《飛鳥集》或《漂鳥集》) 完璧於1916年，主要由作者從孟加拉文詩集《碎玉集》自譯為英文，同時包含少量直接以英文寫作的篇什。

詩人經常以水陸雙棲候鳥自況，詩集書題無論譯為《飛鳥集》還是《漂鳥集》，均有把雙棲候鳥變為單棲動物之虞。兼顧詩人立意和措辭，書題以譯為《漂飛鳥》或《候鳥集》為宜。

傅正明新譯《漂飛鳥》以獨創的詮釋角度和中國古典詩詞為主的詩體重新精譯此作，與現有的各家中譯迥然不同，賦予全書以嶄新面貌。

泰戈爾《漂飛鳥》新譯選載

傅正明譯

1

STRAY birds of summer come to my window to sing and fly away.

And yellow leaves of autumn, which have no songs, flutter and fall there with a sigh.

夏日漂飛鳥，落我窗前歌拂曉，鼓翼上青杳。

秋天黃葉多，蕭然無語隨風落，嘆息代驪歌。

註：原文Stray是多義詞，導致詩集書題和這首詩的翻譯莫衷一是，依照 Oxford English Dictionary，該詞作形容詞的一種意義是：2 (Of a domestic animal) having no home or having wandered away from home。這一釋義與詩人以水陸雙棲候鳥自況的隱喻十分吻合。

2

O TROUPE of little vagrants of the world, leave your footprints in my words.

世界小歌隊，漂飛向九陲，

請君鴻爪印，入我墨香池。

註：原文TROUPE of little vagrants，可直譯為“小小漂泊者的歌隊”，有學者認為當指泰戈爾另一部詩集《鴻雁集》（Balaka）中的鴻雁，印度教徒認為“飛翔的鴻雁”（Hansa-balaka）是飛向天上尋求安息之所的人類靈魂的象徵。九陲，指極邊遠之地。清·泣紅《胭脂血彈詞》第三回：“爾等是素來人種稱強幹，奈何把獨立心思丟九陲。”

3

THE world puts off its mask of vastness to its lover.

It becomes small as one song, as one kiss of the eternal.

其一

浩瀚梵天大面具，詩心生愛便屏除，

寰球丸結一謠曲，親吻玉成千古書。

其二

大世界之遼闊兮，戴浩瀚之面具，見鍾情之詩心兮，露真容而摘除，

其象貌之纖小兮，如短歌之一闕，其親吻之甜蜜兮，作瞬間之永駐。

註：原文the world，義同 the universe，可以解讀為印度吠陀經典所說的梵天（Brahma），即作為“至高的一”（the Supreme One）或至高存在的宇宙。宇宙浩瀚，寰球遼闊，卻可以在熱愛、崇拜梵天的世人面前，在通靈的詩人面前，濃縮凝結為一顆小小彈丸（此乃譯者增添的意象），小如一首歌，末行“永恆的一吻”（one kiss of the eternal），猶言“永恆的瞬間”（a moment of eternity），在修辭學中稱為矛盾語（oxymoron）。

4

IT is the tears of the earth that keep her smiles in bloom.

淚泉藏地底，不作淺流聲，

破土綻微笑，開花播德馨。

註：德馨，德行馨香。語出《書．陳君》:"黍稷非馨，明德惟馨。"

                        7

THE sands in your way beg for your song and your movement, dancing water. Will you carry the burden of their lameness?

江水掀波舞，泥沙問水娘：

君能同步詠詩章，挾我難行瘸腿向東方？調寄南歌子

註：原文movement 不宜解讀為通常意義上的“運動”，當指交響曲的“樂章”。

11

SOME unseen fingers, like idle breeze, are playing upon my heart the music of the ripples.

不知何物如纖指，閒適徐來風暖吹，

攪動心靈一池水，無形有律起漣漪。

27

THE light that plays, like a naked child, among the green leaves happily knows not that man can lie.

晨光一束鬧枝頭，恰似兒童戲水流，

赤裸天真誰曉得：人常哄騙魚吞鈎。

48

THE stars are not afraid to appear like fireflies.

寒夜星光暗，望中若火蟲，

微光不憚小，豆火可幫窮。

註：末行暗用“囊螢”之典，即晉代車胤幼時家貧，夏天以練囊裝螢火蟲照明讀書的故事。

51

YOUR idol is shattered in the dust to prove that God's dust is greater than your idol.

爾曹偶像倒，落地作塵囂。

一撮神造土，卻可近崇高。

54

LIKE the meeting of the seagulls and the waves we meet and come near. The seagulls fly off, the waves roll away and we depart.

相見宛如雙鳥落，相隨後浪吻前波。

海鷗飛去江潮退，你我各吟萍水歌。

69

"I GIVE my whole water in joy," sings the waterfall, "though little of it is enough for the thirsty."

瀑布多情瀉，如詩笑語傳：

一行能解渴，我卻獻全篇。

                        89

THE scabbard is content to be dull when it protects the keenness of the sword.

刀鞘守鈍謹防誤傷弱小，

劍芒藏鋒翹待力斬凶頑。

104

THE music of the far-away summer flutters around the Autumn seeking its former nest.

夏日琴聲向遠方，尋蹤求跡繞秋梁，

寒巢請問檐前鳥：遺韻依然飄舊香？

107

THE echo mocks her origin to prove she is the original.

山谷回音如少女，噗嗤一笑對聲源：

我本天才原創者，請君側耳聽鴻篇。

226

THOSE who have everything but thee, my God, laugh at those who have nothing but thyself.

觀世相，千金贓款意無上帝，輕笑他人貧困，

讀經書，兩袖清風心有神明，謹防自己骯髒。

269

I HAVE learnt the simple meaning of thy whispers in flowers and sunshine--teach me to know thy words in pain and death.

花心隱有呢喃語，日照深藏啟悟書，

百義片言誰領會？含辛面死一寒儒。

288

LOVE'S pain sang round my life like the unplumbed sea, and love's joy sang like birds in its flowering groves.

一生情事苦，宛如大海難窺測，悲歌秋日裡，

兩地愛心甜，恰似鳴禽可噪喧，歡唱花叢間。

292

CLOUDS come floating into my life from other days no longer to shed rain or usher storm but to give colour to my sunset sky.

雲起漂浮入我家，素心無意雨喧譁，

不興風暴摧芳草，但為晚晴添彩霞。

308                                                               

CHEERLESS is the day, the light under frowning clouds is like a punished child with traces of tears on its pale cheeks, and the cry of the wind is like the cry of a wounded world. But I know I am travelling to meet my Friend.

今日少歡暢，陰雲皺額頭，光如童子淚潛流，受罰欲遮羞。

人哭傷兵燹，風號悲晚秋。我心慶幸一孤舟，正要會良儔。調寄巫山一段雲 

321

I HAVE scaled the peak and found no shelter in fame's bleak and barren height. Lead me, my Guide, before the light fades, into the valley of quiet where life's harvest mellows into golden wisdom.

攀登直上高山頂，榮名寒寂荒蕪嶺，何處可遮身，四望無遁門。
光幽尋僻處，嚮導望溪谷：秋稻若黃金，開鐮收慧明。調寄菩薩蠻