古埃及人相信一個人的死亡並不是生命的終點，在死亡後靈魂脫離身軀並要經歷一段危險的旅程，他們並且相信藉由軀體與靈魂的再次結合就可以獲得重生。 法老死後遺體被製成木乃伊，是生者指望死者能在冥王歐西里斯(Osiris) 審判之後，靈魂還能與不朽的肉體結合「變成」（transformation）Osiris。一般是經歷數個過程：

(1)製成木乃伊（mummification) 

(2)葬禮、開口儀式（the funeral and the Opening of the Mouth ceremony）

(3)Entering the Underworld

(4)審判Judgement before Osiris

(5)到達 Fields of Peace 得到永生

(2) 葬禮、開口儀式（the funeral and the Opening of the Mouth ceremony）

Relief in a tomb showing Egyptian ceremonial shrine carried on a river boat Circa 1500 BCE.
During one of the greatest archeological finds in Egyptian History, in 1922 Howard Carter found similar shrines and boat models in Tutankhamen’s tomb. The symbols on the side of the Shrine shown on this relief sculpture are the same as were used in the Burial shrines of Tutankhamen. This indicates the Iconography was probably a standard convention used in Egyptian Art and funerary decorum during this historical time frame ancient Egypt.

Ammut a.k.a Ammit, Amemt, Amam. 　　古埃及的鱷頭獅身怪，後半身似河馬，Her name means \"devouress of the dead\" 。傳說中它是死而復生的埃及之王奧西里斯（Osiris，在繪畫中表現為手持節杖和鞭坐在王位上）的手下，奧西里斯也是古埃及傳說中的冥世之王，所有亡靈都必須經冥世法庭的審判，奧西里斯佩帶王冠坐在寶座上，寶座旁是Ammut以及由42位冥神組成的陪審團，法庭中央放著一個大秤，秤的一邊放上真理之羽，另一邊放上受審者的心，被判定有罪的亡靈將成為Ammut的口中餐。 


 

http://www.sacred-texts.com/egy/efl/efl04.htm

右邊 Osiris in his closed shrine, accompanied by Isis and his four grandsons
From the Papyrus of Ani.
其中Osiris家族各個角色 在之前介紹過
鷹頭神(Horus)將法老帶到 Osiris的神壇前聆聽判決，Osiris前方的蓮花上是Horus負責保護4個重要器官的兒子（也就是Osiris的孫子），後方是 Osiris 的妹妹負責保護死者的 Isis 和奈芙緹絲(Nephthys)，Isis也是Osiris的妻子 。 



http://www.fathom.com/feature/190173

Part of the Book of the Dead of the king\'s scribe Ani, showing Ani, followed by the smaller figure of his wife Tutu, adoring Osiris, the ruler of the underworld, and his sister-consort Isis, who are enclosed within a shrine. Thebes. Paint on Papyrus. Nineteenth Dynasty.



(5)到達 Fields of Peace

http://www.nilemuse.com/fields.html

The Field of Reeds from a Ptolemaic Book of the Dead, hand copied by Lepsius in the 1840s. Variously translated as the Field of Offerings, Field of Peace, or Blessed Fields or Elysian Fields, it preserves the pleasures of ancient Egyptian life for eternity. 


 

在永生樹旁的法老
在圖中間的彌那王坐在生命之樹旁，而兩旁的普塔神與托特神正登記他的名字以確保他在來生的世界中取得永生。 



取得永生的法老王

這幅圖是取自國王谷法老墓穴壁上的圖,在古埃及神話中,死者的靈魂通過審判之後可以獲得永生,而這幅圖的左邊即是拉美西斯王接受愛西斯女神的賦予而得到永生,在圖的中間則是拉美西斯王站在阿努比斯神與荷魯茲神中間接受祂們賜予神力,在圖的右邊則是拉美西斯王在天堂中的景像,他最愛的王后那孚妲莉王后正在獻花給他,這幅圖的構圖十分具有故事性。http://myweb.hinet.net/home3/egypt/photo0003.htm

References:
http://www.neferchichi.com/mum5.html

http://www.egyptarchive.co.uk/html/book_of_the_dead_index.html

http://www.neferchichi.com/mum5.html