1907年列寧斯大林親自策劃武裝搶得銀行34萬盧布

  （等值2017年386萬美元）致40人死亡、50人傷

    1907年梯弗里斯銀行搶劫案，是一起於1907年6月26日星

期三上午十時三十分左右發生在梯弗里斯（今格魯吉亞首都第

比利斯）的武裝搶劫案。在此次搶劫案中，一輛銀行運鈔車被

布爾什維克劫走以資助其革命活動。銀行馬車運送紙幣由郵局

前往俄羅斯帝國國家銀行梯弗里斯分行，途經埃里溫廣場（今

自由廣場）時搶劫者用炸彈和槍支對馬車及其周圍的警察和軍

人進行了襲擊。根據官方檔案，襲擊導致40人死亡，50人受傷。

搶劫者共劫走34.1萬俄羅斯帝國盧布（等值2017年386萬美元）。

       搶個馬拉運鈔車，怎麼會傷亡這麼慘重？原來是布爾什維克同志們先從

周邊高層建築上，往下面護衛的軍警馬隊投擲大批手榴彈，然後再開槍掃射：

No one knows whether Stalin took part in the 

actual execution of the attack, in which his 

team lobbed grenades at the bank stagecoach 

and its mounted escort from on top of a nearby 

building, then opened fire on the guards, 

killing up to 40 guards and civilians as well 

as a number of horses, according to contemporary 

reports.

    搶劫案由一批高層布爾什維克策劃，其中包括弗拉基米爾

·伊里奇·烏里揚諾夫·列寧、約瑟夫·維薩里奧諾維奇·斯

大林、馬克西姆·馬克西莫維奇·里維諾夫、列奧尼德·博里

索維奇·克拉辛、亞歷山大·亞歷山德羅維奇·波格丹諾夫，

動手實施武裝搶劫銀行首犯 西蒙·阿什基·卡莫 布爾什維克同志

Kamo, real name Simon Arshaki Ter-Petrosian (Armenian: Սիմոն Արշակի 

Տեր-Պետրոսյան, Georgian: სიმონ არშაკის ძე ტერ-პეტროსიანი, 

Russian: Симон Аршакович Тер-Петросян, 27 May 1882 – 14 July 1922), 

was an Old Bolshevik revolutionary and an early companion to Soviet 

leader Joseph Stalin.

From 1903–1912, Kamo, a master of disguise, carried out a number of militant 

operations on behalf of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic 

Labour Party, mostly in Georgia, then part of the Russian Empire. He is best 

known for his central role in the 1907 Tiflis bank robbery, organised by Bolshevik 

leaders to raise funds for their party activities. For his militant activities he was 

arrested in Berlin in 1907 but simulated insanity both in German and later 

Russian prisons, eventually escaping from prison and fleeing the country. He was 

recaptured in 1912 after another attempted armed robbery and sentenced to 

death. The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment as part of the 

celebrations of the Romanov dynasty tricentennial.

由斯大林早年的戰友西蒙·卡莫所領導的一批革命者執行。此

類活動在俄國社會民主工黨第5屆代表大會上被明令禁止，黨內

對布爾什維克的行為十分憤怒。由此，列寧和斯大林事後極力試

圖同此次搶劫劃清界限。

    由於警方已知曉鈔票的編號，大部分搶劫所得的大額紙幣無

法為布爾什維克所使用。列寧試圖讓一批人於1908年1月在歐洲

多地同時兌現鈔票，但這一計劃失敗，導致多人被捕，事件為

公眾所知，並招致歐洲社會民主主義者的譴責。

  Yerevan Square, scene of the robbery, photo taken in 

    the 1870s  19世紀70年代的第比利斯埃里溫廣場，搶劫案的發生地

The 1907 Tiflis bank robbery, also known as the Yerevan Square 

expropriation,[1] was an armed robbery on 26 June 1907[a] in 

the city of Tiflis in the Tiflis Governorate in the Caucasus 

Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire (now Georgia's capital, Tbilisi). 

A bank cash shipment was stolen by Bolsheviks to fund their 

revolutionary activities. The robbers attacked a bank stagecoach 

and surrounding police and military using bombs and guns while 

the stagecoach was transporting money through Yerevan Square 

(now Freedom Square) between the post office and the Tiflis 

branch of the State Bank of the Russian Empire. The attack 

killed forty people and injured fifty others, according to official 

archive documents. The robbers escaped with 341,000 rubles 

(equivalent to around US 3.86 million in 2017).

The robbery was organized by a number of top-level Bolsheviks, 

including Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Maxim Litvinov, Leonid 

Krasin, and Alexander Bogdanov, and executed by a party of 

revolutionaries led by Stalin's early associate Ter-Petrosian 

(Kamo). Because such activities were explicitly prohibited by 

the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party 

(RSDLP), the robbery and the killings caused outrage within the 

party against the Bolsheviks (a faction within the RSDLP). As a 

result, Lenin and Stalin tried to distance themselves from the 

robbery. 

    左：  弗拉基米爾·伊里奇·烏里揚諾夫·列寧  1874  4歲  和他的妹妹 Olga

                    1887年， 17歲的列寧

  警方公布紅色通緝搶銀行策劃首犯照片 —— 列寧同志  1895年12月 25歲零7個月

    聖彼得堡沙皇秘密警察立案存檔約瑟夫·斯大林同志信息卡，1911年

  Yerevan Square in the 19th century

         Maxim Litvinov in 1920  

  蘇維埃黨中央策劃武裝搶銀行第三號中央領導人物

           馬克西姆·馬克西莫維奇·里維諾夫同志

 Soviet plenipotentiary in London Leonid Krasin

       列奧尼德·博里索維奇·克拉辛   搶銀行策劃第四號中央領導同志

 亞歷山大·亞歷山德羅維奇·波格丹諾夫  搶銀行策劃第五號中央領導同志

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov, philosopher (1873–1928)

A typical phaeton, as used in the robbery

     列寧在倫敦的抉擇： 要不要搶銀行鬧革命？

           BBC  馬丁·羅森堡姆 （ Martin Rosenbaum ）   2017年 10月 17日

http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/uk-41651798

 蘇維埃紅軍創建人列昂·托洛斯基同志與他的美國朋友在墨西哥，

   1940年8月21日被戰友斯大林同志追殺殞命幾天前珍貴照片

      Leon Trotsky in Mexico with some American friends, 

                 shortly before his 1940 assassination.

 《 列寧在1918 》在工廠的演講    配音  張伐 （1919-2001）

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uyAqFEf6Z0A&t=21s

烏克蘭反革命人民悍然拉倒英明領袖最高統帥列寧同志雕像

基輔反黨暴徒瘋狂拽倒無產階級革命導師列寧同志雕塑像

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGknWy-7dmo

What Happened to the Hundreds of Lenin Statues, Toppled or Removed From Pedestals?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdbtoP_enYA

時事大家談《 致命的列寧 》： 回首共產主義一百年

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10-Mv8f5qK8