飛哥版vs羞先版《出師表》的英文翻譯

網絡真是個神奇世界。最近，近兩千年前的諸葛亮的《出師表》意外暴紅網絡。其原因固然有《軍師聯盟》的始作俑，更有演員王洛勇大氣而標準的英文朗誦這一大作而推的波、助的瀾。不過，看到這令人貽笑大方的英文版《出師表》，用《白鹿原》的一句話來講，就是簡直是羞先人哪！飛哥不由得義憤填膺、拍案而起。

《出師表》以其精煉而至誠的文風，展現了諸葛亮的雄才大略和他為國鞠躬盡瘁、死而後已的忠義之志。以下是《出師表》的全文 （熟悉者可略過）：

臣亮言：先帝創業未半而中道崩殂。今天下三分，益州疲敝，此誠危急存亡之秋也。然侍衛之臣不懈於內，忠志之士忘身於外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報之於陛下也。誠宜開張聖聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也。

親小人，遠賢臣，此後漢所以傾頹也。先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不嘆息痛恨於桓、靈也。

臣本布衣，躬耕於南陽，苟全性命於亂世，不求聞達於諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣於草廬之中，咨臣以當世之事。由是感激，遂許先帝以驅馳。

先帝知臣謹慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來，夙夜憂嘆，恐託付不效，以傷先帝之明。

今南方已定，兵甲已足。當獎率三軍，北定中原，庶竭駑鈍，攘除奸凶，興復漢室，還於舊都。此臣所以報先帝  而忠陛下之職分也。願陛下托臣以討賊興復之效。不效，則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。陛下亦宜自謀，以咨諏善道, 察納雅言，深追先帝遺詔。臣不勝感激。

今當遠離。臨表涕零，不知所言。

以下是“羞先”版的英文翻譯，作者不詳，疑似王洛勇所作，來自網絡的流行版。因為實在是太差了，版權問題就免了吧。（沒興趣看者，可略過。）

Permit me to observe:

The late emperor was taken from us before he could finish his life's work, the restoration of the Han.

Today，the empire is still divided in three, and our very survival is threatened. Yet still the officials at court and the soldiers throughout the realm remain loyal to you, your majesty. Because they remember the late emperor, all of them, and they wish to repay his kindness in service to you.

This is the moment to extend your divine influence, to honour the memory of the late emperor and strengthen the morale of your officers. It is not the time to listen to bad advice, or close your ears to the suggestions of loyal men.

The emperors of the Western Han chose their courtiers wisely, and their dynasty flourished. The emperors of the Eastern Han chose poorly, and they doomed the empire to ruin. Whenever the late Emperor discussed this problem with me, he lamented the failings of Emperors Huan and Ling.

I began as a common man, farming in my fields in Nanyang, doing what i could to survive in an age of chaos. I never had any interest in making a name for myself as a noble. The late Emperor was not ashamed to visit my cottage and seek my advice. Grateful for his regards, I responded to his appeal and threw myself into his service.

The late Emperor always appreciated my caution and, in his final days, entrusted me with his cause. Since that moment, I have been tormented day and night by the fear that i might let him down. That is why I crossed the Lu river at the height of summer, and entered the wastelands beyond.

Now the south has been subdued, and our forces are fully armed. I should lead our soldiers to conquer the northern heartland and attempt to remove the hateful traitors, restore thee house of Han, and return it to the former capital.

This is the way I mean to honor my debt to the late Emperor and fulfill my duty to you. My only desire is to be permitted to drive out the traitors and restore the Han. If I should let you down, punish my offense and report it to the spirit of the late Emperor.

Your Majesty, consider your course of action carefully. Seek out good advice, and never forget the last words of the late Emperor.

I depart now on a long expedition, and I will be forever grateful if you heed my advice.

Blinded by my own tears, I know not what I write.

這個版本的最大問題就是漏翻，而且沒有按照英文的常用講法來進行對等翻譯，而且錯誤百出。比如把“先帝”翻成“late emperor”，簡直太狗血了。

古漢語的美在於她用字的精準和韻律，寥寥數字，就可以勾勒出無窮的意境。當譯成英文時就會很羅嗦。當然，反之亦然。每種文字都有它的優勢所在。因此在翻譯過程中，用字要儘量簡潔、大氣，以不傷願意為準則，同時力求文風對等。

以下是飛哥的嘗試，歡迎諸位看客不吝評論和文明拍磚。

《出師表》即是諸葛亮出兵伐魏前，給劉禪的表奏以囑諸多事宜，以安後方。因此，它應該是 report or advice。但是翻成report又沒有了文學意境。因此，覺得翻成letter更好些。以下是逐句對譯：

《出師表》 A letter before leaving for battles

臣亮言：先帝創業未半而中道崩殂。今天下三分，益州疲敝，此誠危急存亡之秋也。Your humble servant, Liang, has words to say: The previous Majesty started the mission of resuming Han Dynasty but was unfortunately deceased even before the half way to achieve. Nowadays,the country has been divided into three.Yizhou,as our home base, has been inflicted by wars thus still in poverty,this is indeed the pivotal time as to be or not to be.    

然侍衛之臣不懈於內，忠志之士忘身於外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報之於陛下也。The civil officials,however,are working diligently on civilian affairs and the loyal soldiers are fighting without fear in defending the kingdom.These humble servants still owe the gratitude to the previous Emperor's honor toward them. All because of their gratitude, they want to pay it back to you, your Majesty.       

誠宜開張聖聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也。What needed now is to open your noble hearing for advice, to propagate the previous Majesty's legacy, to restore the ambitious sages' morale, but not to look down on ourselves, not to cause confusion through inappropriate wording, so that the loyal and constructive advice will not be inaccessible. 

親小人，遠賢臣，此後漢所以傾頹也。先帝在時，每與臣論此事，未嘗不嘆息痛恨於桓、靈也。Closely connecting with hypocrites and yet excluding the talented officials,this was the reason that the Eastern Han was fallen.When alive, the previous Majesty always felt regretful and blamed the Emperor of Huan and Ling whenever he discussed the dooming fate of the dynasty with me,.     

臣本布衣，躬耕於南陽，苟全性命於亂世，不求聞達於諸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣於草廬之中，咨臣以當世之事。由是感激，遂許先帝以驅馳。Coming from the lower social status, this humble servant cultivated a farm in Nanyang and didn't want to have a fame in the Barons. The previous Majesty didn't look down on my low social status but to put aside his noble pride to reach me three times in my cottage and asked my advice on the nation wide affairs. I was so touched that I promised to join him to fight.

先帝知臣謹慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。受命以來，夙夜憂嘆，恐託付不效，以傷先帝之明。The previous Majesty knew that I was cautious and dependable. So he let me in charge of the kingdom in interim before he passed away.With the mission on my shoulder,my night is always sleepless with sighs and fear in case my ability is not as expected so that the wisdom of the previous Majesty might be insulted.  

今南方已定，兵甲已足。當獎率三軍，北定中原，庶竭駑鈍，攘除奸凶，興復漢室，還於舊都。此臣所以報先帝  而忠陛下之職分也。願陛下托臣以討賊興復之效。不效，則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。陛下亦宜自謀，以咨諏善道, 察納雅言，深追先帝遺詔。臣不勝感激。Now the peace on southern boarder has been made, the troops and the armor have been well prepared.This is the time to encourage the troops to start the war in the central country in the north. Even with my limited wisdom, I have committed to wipe out the sabotage traitors, resume the Han's reign, and relocate back to the previous capital.It is my duty to console the previous Emperor's soul at heaven and be loyal to your Majesty. Please, your Majesty, let me take this mission to get rid of the traitors to reclaim our Han dynasty. If no accomplishment made, I would like to take the blame and be punished so that the previous Majesty's soul at heaven could be informed.Your Majesty, please use your wise judgment to ask for constructive suggestions, to find and take the wise words, and never forget the previous Emperor's words for you. If so, as your servant, I would be so cordially thankful.       

今當遠離。臨表涕零，不知所言。I'm now leaving for the remote battles when your Majesty reads this letter. Facing the completed letter, those sentimental tears are so out of control that the emotion could lead to my points unclear.