發表評論-hare-萬維博客-萬維讀者網（電腦版）

我們知道科學史上，愛因斯坦的相對論在上個世紀初提出時，愛氏提出的宇宙觀也是一個“靜止永恆的宇宙”，如同牛頓物理學的“絕對宇宙”思想一致。但當愛氏提出廣義相對論後，尤其是增加了一個宇宙常數後，雖然愛氏後來後悔提出這個常數，但一位天主教的神父兼天體物理學家，喬治勒米卒（Georges Lemaître），根據廣義相對論的理論提出“動態宇宙”的概念。經管開始愛氏沒有料到這個“動態宇宙”的結局，開始時表示反對。但當喬治勒米卒提出，動態的宇宙必然來自一個起點，既開始的“超級原子”的“大爆炸”，愛氏最終接受了這個概念。後來宇宙起源於大爆炸的思想，慢慢為哈勃望遠鏡所證實，既“紅移現象”，和上世紀五十年代的宇宙背景輻射的證實。到今天以來半個多世紀後，大爆炸的宇宙天文學思想，成為科學界公認的事實。

回顧這段歷史的目的在於，喬治勒米卒的科學發現來源於數學的應用。我們可以得出結論說，既然大爆炸作為物理來源，可以通過數學證實。既，如果 B 能被 A 所證明，那麼可以邏輯地斷定，A，一定是，B，的基礎。結論，A 至少在邏輯上，必然先於 B 的出現.

我們可以說，大爆炸，屬於我們周圍的物理宏觀世界的起源事件。如果物理的基礎是數學，那麼“數學一定存在，而且必然先於物理”。在數學的哲學上，人們經常問的問題是，數學是否真實的存在？通過以上例子，範例的命題，微觀世界是宏觀世界的前提，既可以證明是對的。因為數學屬於“思在”的部分，而必然存在與物理之前，而且只能存在物理之前，那只能存在於微觀世界了。

只要一“思在物”存在，則微觀世界存在，毋庸置疑。所以，微觀世界是確鑿存在的，證明完畢。

參考：

The Big Bang theory of the universe was developed by a Catholic priest–and the Pope approved

Sep 27, 2017 Domagoj Valjak

The Big Bang model has been the prevailing theory of the origin of our universe for the past 50 years. Today’s scientific community supports the idea that the universe is expanding and that it, in simple terms, began with the rapid expansion of a hot and dense primordial singularity. The universe we now know formed over the following 13.8 billion years.

Most people believe that the seminal astronomer Edwin Hubble was the pioneer in early research on this breakthrough. In 1929, Hubble’s research on the increasing distances between galaxies showed that the universe is expanding and this fact became the foundation of the Big Bang theory.

Although Hubble played the crucial role in proving the notion that the universe is expanding, he was not the first scientist to propose the idea of an expanding universe. This idea originated with Georges Lemaître, a prolific Belgian astronomer, and physicist who also happened to be a devout Roman Catholic priest.

The 100-inch Hooker telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory that Hubble used to measure galaxy distances and a value for the rate of expansion of the universe. Author: Andrew Dunn, CC-BY SA 2.0

Lemaître was born in 1894 and attended the engineering school at the Catholic University of Louvain, but his education was interrupted by the beginning of World War I. He became a priest after experiencing the horrors of trench warfare as an artillery officer in the Belgian army. After the war, Lemaître continued pursuing a career in physics and astronomy. In the early 1920s, he earned a graduate degree in astronomy from the University of Cambridge and a doctorate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Georges Lemaître, circa 1933.

Throughout the 1920s, Lemaître researched Einstein’s general theory of relativity, proposed in 1917. At that time Einstein’s hypothesis of a finite-sized static universe with no beginning was the widely accepted cosmological theory. In 1929, Lemaître published a paper in which he argued that Einstein’s calculations actually proved that the universe is expanding. He expanded his research in the early 1930s and stated that these calculations hinted at the possibility that, before the birth of our universe, all matter, energy, and mass in the universe were contained within a single infinitesimal point which he named “the primeval atom.”

Many people might expect that the religious authorities of the Catholic Church reacted negatively to a priest being heavily involved in the scientific research on the origins of our universe. However, the reality was quite different. Einstein’s hypothesis of a finite-sized static universe didn’t correspond to the Catholic view on cosmology because it implied that the universe had no beginning. On the other hand, Lemaître’s theory appealed to the Church, because it implied that something existed prior to our universe and that some kind of force was needed for the universe to form from the primeval atom.

Hubble Deep Field; distant galaxies observed by the Hubble telescope. Each light speck is a galaxy – some of these are as old as 13.2 billion years. The universe is estimated to contain 200 billion galaxies.

The Catholic Church embraced Lemaître’s theory as proof that the birth of our universe was the work of God, the Prime Mover. In the early 1950s, when the Big Bang theory gained prominence in the scientific community, Pope Pius XII publicly favored the theory and stated:

“It would seem that present-day science, with one sweep back across the centuries, has succeeded in bearing witness to the august instant of the primordial Fiat Lux (Let there be Light), when along with matter, there burst forth from nothing a sea of light and radiation, and the elements split and churned and formed into millions of galaxies.Thus, with that concreteness which is characteristic of physical proofs, science has confirmed the contingency of the universe and also the well-founded deduction as to the epoch when the world came forth from the hands of the Creator. Hence, creation took place. We say ‘Therefore, there is a Creator. Therefore, God exists!’ ”

Portrait of Pope Pius XII.

Many Catholic astronomers and physicists, including Lemaître, objected to the Pope’s statement because it relied on an unconfirmed scientific theory to praise the existence of God. Although Pope Pius XII continued to praise the Big Bang theory, he refrained from praising it in public.

Read another story from us: Farewell to Vera Rubin- the woman who examined more than 200 galaxies and discovered the first evidence of dark matter

Lemaître remained a devout Catholic for the rest of his life and stated that the Big Bang theory was only a part of the scientific search for cosmological truth and that it cannot be seen as a proof of the existence of God. He also stated he would continue believing in God even if the theory turned out to be wrong.

https://www.decodedscience.org/georges-lemaitre-discovered-the-expansion-of-the-universe/5588