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我们知道科学史上，爱因斯坦的相对论在上个世纪初提出时，爱氏提出的宇宙观也是一个“静止永恒的宇宙”，如同牛顿物理学的“绝对宇宙”思想一致。但当爱氏提出广义相对论后，尤其是增加了一个宇宙常数后，虽然爱氏后来后悔提出这个常数，但一位天主教的神父兼天体物理学家，乔治勒米卒（Georges Lemaître），根据广义相对论的理论提出“动态宇宙”的概念。经管开始爱氏没有料到这个“动态宇宙”的结局，开始时表示反对。但当乔治勒米卒提出，动态的宇宙必然来自一个起点，既开始的“超级原子”的“大爆炸”，爱氏最终接受了这个概念。后来宇宙起源于大爆炸的思想，慢慢为哈勃望远镜所证实，既“红移现象”，和上世纪五十年代的宇宙背景辐射的证实。到今天以来半个多世纪后，大爆炸的宇宙天文学思想，成为科学界公认的事实。

回顾这段历史的目的在于，乔治勒米卒的科学发现来源于数学的应用。我们可以得出结论说，既然大爆炸作为物理来源，可以通过数学证实。既，如果 B 能被 A 所证明，那么可以逻辑地断定，A，一定是，B，的基础。结论，A 至少在逻辑上，必然先于 B 的出现.

我们可以说，大爆炸，属于我们周围的物理宏观世界的起源事件。如果物理的基础是数学，那么“数学一定存在，而且必然先于物理”。在数学的哲学上，人们经常问的问题是，数学是否真实的存在？通过以上例子，范例的命题，微观世界是宏观世界的前提，既可以证明是对的。因为数学属于“思在”的部分，而必然存在与物理之前，而且只能存在物理之前，那只能存在于微观世界了。

只要一“思在物”存在，则微观世界存在，毋庸置疑。所以，微观世界是确凿存在的，证明完毕。

参考：

The Big Bang theory of the universe was developed by a Catholic priest–and the Pope approved

Sep 27, 2017 Domagoj Valjak

The Big Bang model has been the prevailing theory of the origin of our universe for the past 50 years. Today’s scientific community supports the idea that the universe is expanding and that it, in simple terms, began with the rapid expansion of a hot and dense primordial singularity. The universe we now know formed over the following 13.8 billion years.

Most people believe that the seminal astronomer Edwin Hubble was the pioneer in early research on this breakthrough. In 1929, Hubble’s research on the increasing distances between galaxies showed that the universe is expanding and this fact became the foundation of the Big Bang theory.

Although Hubble played the crucial role in proving the notion that the universe is expanding, he was not the first scientist to propose the idea of an expanding universe. This idea originated with Georges Lemaître, a prolific Belgian astronomer, and physicist who also happened to be a devout Roman Catholic priest.

The 100-inch Hooker telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory that Hubble used to measure galaxy distances and a value for the rate of expansion of the universe. Author: Andrew Dunn, CC-BY SA 2.0

Lemaître was born in 1894 and attended the engineering school at the Catholic University of Louvain, but his education was interrupted by the beginning of World War I. He became a priest after experiencing the horrors of trench warfare as an artillery officer in the Belgian army. After the war, Lemaître continued pursuing a career in physics and astronomy. In the early 1920s, he earned a graduate degree in astronomy from the University of Cambridge and a doctorate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Georges Lemaître, circa 1933.

Throughout the 1920s, Lemaître researched Einstein’s general theory of relativity, proposed in 1917. At that time Einstein’s hypothesis of a finite-sized static universe with no beginning was the widely accepted cosmological theory. In 1929, Lemaître published a paper in which he argued that Einstein’s calculations actually proved that the universe is expanding. He expanded his research in the early 1930s and stated that these calculations hinted at the possibility that, before the birth of our universe, all matter, energy, and mass in the universe were contained within a single infinitesimal point which he named “the primeval atom.”

Many people might expect that the religious authorities of the Catholic Church reacted negatively to a priest being heavily involved in the scientific research on the origins of our universe. However, the reality was quite different. Einstein’s hypothesis of a finite-sized static universe didn’t correspond to the Catholic view on cosmology because it implied that the universe had no beginning. On the other hand, Lemaître’s theory appealed to the Church, because it implied that something existed prior to our universe and that some kind of force was needed for the universe to form from the primeval atom.

Hubble Deep Field; distant galaxies observed by the Hubble telescope. Each light speck is a galaxy – some of these are as old as 13.2 billion years. The universe is estimated to contain 200 billion galaxies.

The Catholic Church embraced Lemaître’s theory as proof that the birth of our universe was the work of God, the Prime Mover. In the early 1950s, when the Big Bang theory gained prominence in the scientific community, Pope Pius XII publicly favored the theory and stated:

“It would seem that present-day science, with one sweep back across the centuries, has succeeded in bearing witness to the august instant of the primordial Fiat Lux (Let there be Light), when along with matter, there burst forth from nothing a sea of light and radiation, and the elements split and churned and formed into millions of galaxies.Thus, with that concreteness which is characteristic of physical proofs, science has confirmed the contingency of the universe and also the well-founded deduction as to the epoch when the world came forth from the hands of the Creator. Hence, creation took place. We say ‘Therefore, there is a Creator. Therefore, God exists!’ ”

Portrait of Pope Pius XII.

Many Catholic astronomers and physicists, including Lemaître, objected to the Pope’s statement because it relied on an unconfirmed scientific theory to praise the existence of God. Although Pope Pius XII continued to praise the Big Bang theory, he refrained from praising it in public.

Read another story from us: Farewell to Vera Rubin- the woman who examined more than 200 galaxies and discovered the first evidence of dark matter

Lemaître remained a devout Catholic for the rest of his life and stated that the Big Bang theory was only a part of the scientific search for cosmological truth and that it cannot be seen as a proof of the existence of God. He also stated he would continue believing in God even if the theory turned out to be wrong.

https://www.decodedscience.org/georges-lemaitre-discovered-the-expansion-of-the-universe/5588