| | 美国副总统彭斯就美国对华政策的讲话
文刀吾未 陌上美国 今天
2018年10月4日，星期四
美国副总统迈克·彭斯在2018年10月4日，于哈德逊研究所就 政府对华政策发表讲话：
谢谢Ken的介绍。感谢董事会成员，迈克尔·皮尔斯伯里博士，尊敬的嘉宾，以及真诚履行使命的所有人——“以非传统方式思考未来” ——很荣幸能够回到哈德森研究所。
半个多世纪以来，该研究所一直致力于“促进全球安全，繁荣和自由。”虽然哈德森的家乡多年来发生了变化，但有一件事情始终如一：你总是指明着那个至关重要的事实，那就是美国的领导点亮了（全球的）道路。
今天，我带来了来自美国领导人，美国第45任总统唐纳德·特朗普总统的问候。
从本届政府成立之初，特朗普总统就把我们与中国和President Xi（文中用“PreXi”代替）的关系放在首位。 去年4月6日，特朗普总统欢迎他访问Mar-A-Lago。 去年11月8日，特朗普总统前往北京，中国领导人热情欢迎他。
在过去两年中，我们的总统与PreXi建立了牢固的个人关系，他们在共同关心的问题上密切合作，最重要的是朝鲜半岛无核化......
但我今天来到你面前是因为美国人民应该知道......正如我们所说，北京采用国家政府的模式，用政治、经济和军事工具以及宣传来推进其影响并使其受益，影响其对美国的战略。
中国也比以往更积极地运用这种权力，施加影响，干涉美国的国内政策和政治。
在本届政府的领导下，我们采取果断行动，以美国领导为主线，应用哈德森研究所在内的各智库的长期倡导的原则和政策来回应中国。
在特朗普总统去年12月发布的“国家安全战略”中，他描述了一个“大国竞争”的新时代。某国已经开始“重申他们在地区和全球的影响力”，他们正在“争夺（美国）的地缘政治优势，并试图朝对他们有利的方向改变国际秩序。”
在这一战略中，特朗普总统明确表示美利坚合众国对中国采取了新的做法。 我们寻求以公平、互惠和尊重主权为基础的关系，我们采取了强有力的迅速行动来实现这一目标。
正如总统去年对某国的访问所说，“我们有机会加强两国之间的关系，改善我们公民的生活。”我们对未来的愿景建立在过去最好的部分，当时，美国和中国本着开放和友谊的精神相互接触......
我们建国伊始，年轻的先辈们在中国革命战争后，为我们的出口寻找新的市场，当时中国人民以满载的人参和毛皮欢迎了美国商人......
当中国在所谓的“耻辱世纪”中遭受侮辱和剥削时，美国拒绝加入作恶，并倡导“门户开放”政策。这样，我们就可以更自由地与中国进行贸易，维护自己的主权......
当美国传教士把这个好消息带到中国的海岸时，他们被一个古老但充满活力的人民的丰富文化所感动，他们不仅传播了信仰；他们还创办了一些中国第一所最好的大学（即清华大学）......
第二次世界大战爆发时，中美在反对帝国主义的斗争中作为盟友站在一起......在那场战争后，美国确保中国成为联合国的常任理事国，并成为战后世界秩序的伟大塑造者。
但某D在1949年掌权后不久，就开始追求authoritarian(文中用“砖置”代替)的扩张主义。 中美在二战中共同作战，仅仅五年之后，我们在朝鲜半岛的山脉和山谷中相互厮杀。我的亲生父亲也是到韩战前线参加战斗的人之一。
即使是残酷的朝鲜战争，也没有削弱我们恢复长期以来关系的共同愿望。 中国与美国的隔阂于1972年结束，不久之后，我们重新建立外交关系。开始相互开放经济，美国大学开始帮助培养新一代的中国工程师、商界领袖、学者和官员。
苏联解体后，我们曾认为a f r e e中国是大势所趋。 带着正面积极的期望，在21世纪之交，美国同意向北京开放我们的经济，并将中国带入世界贸易组织(WTO)。
以前的政府做出了这样的选择，希望中国的freedom能够以各种形式扩大 - 不仅在经济上，而且在政治上，对古典自由主义原则、私有财产、宗教自由和整个h u m a n r i g h t s（用“人泉”代替）大家庭都有新的尊重......但是，希望没有实现。
F r e e的梦想对中国人来说仍然遥不可及。 虽然北京仍然口头上说“改革开放”，但邓小平的著名政策现在却是空洞的。
在过去17年中，中国的国内生产总值增长了9倍；它已成为世界第二大经济体。 这种成功大部分是由美国在中国的投资所推动的。 而中国“cc档”也使用了一系列与自由和公平贸易不相符的政策，包括关税、配额、货币操纵、强制技术转让、知识产权盗窃以及像发糖一样的工业补贴，仅举几个例。这些政策建立了北京的制造业基地，牺牲了竞争对手——尤其是美国。
中国的行动导致美国的贸易逆差，去年达到3750亿美元——几乎是我们全球贸易逆差的一半。
正如特朗普总统本周所说，“我们在过去25年里重建了中国”。
现在，通过“中国制造2025”计划，“cc档”的目标是控制世界上90％的最先进的产业，包括机器人技术、生物技术和人工智能。为了赢得21世纪经济的制高点，北京已经指示其官僚和企业以任何必要的方式获得美国知识产权（点击前文 ）——我们领导世界经济的基础。
北京现在要求许多美国企业将其商业秘密作为在中国开展业务的成本交出。它还协调和赞助收购美国公司以获得其创新的所有权。最糟糕的是，中国安全机构策划了对美国技术的全面steal——包括尖端的军事蓝图。
利用这种theft的技术，“cc档”正在将犁头变成大规模的剑......
中国现在在军事上的花费与亚洲其他国家的总和一样，北京优先考虑削弱美国的军事优势——陆地、海上，空中和太空。中国希望将美利坚合众国从西太平洋推开，并试图阻止我们援助我们的盟国。
北京也在以前所未有的方式使用它的军事力量。中国船舰经常在由日本管理的尖阁群岛周围巡逻。虽然中国领导人在2015年站在白宫玫瑰园，并表示他的国家“无意使南海军事化”。但今天，北京已经在一个群岛上部署了先进的反舰和防空导弹。军事基地建在人工岛屿上。
就在本周，一艘中国海军舰艇开到距离美国迪凯特号航空公司45码范围内，因为它在南中国海进行了自由导航行动，迫使我们的船快速开走以避免碰撞。尽管有这种鲁莽的骚扰，美国海军空军将继续在国际法允许的任何地方飞行、航行和运营。我们不会被吓倒；我们不会退缩。
美国曾希望经济自由化将使中国与我们和世界建立更大的伙伴关系。相反，中国选择了经济侵略，这反过来又增强了其不断增长的军事力量。
正与我们所希望的相反，北京也没有为人民争取更大的“人泉”。有一段时间，北京倾向于更大的f r e e和对“人泉”的尊重，但近年来，它已经朝着control和压迫的方向急转直下。
今天，中国建立了一个无与伦比的监视国家，并且它越来越广泛和侵入——通常是在美国技术的帮助下。 “中国防火长城”也越来越高，严重限制了中国人民的信息自由流通。到2020年，中国统治者的目标是实施一个奥威尔式系统，其前提是控制人类生活的几乎所有方面 - 即所谓的“社会信用评分”。用该计划的官方蓝图来说，它将“让值得信赖的人在任何地方漫游在天堂之下，虽然让声名狼借的人难以迈出一步。”
在宗教自由方面，新的迫害浪潮正在打击中国基督徒，佛教徒和穆斯林......
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但正如历史证明的那样，一个压迫自己人民的国家很少会保持停留。北京还旨在将其影响范围扩展到更广泛的世界。正如哈德森的迈克尔·皮尔斯伯里博士所说：“中国反对美国政府的行动和目标。实际上，中国正在与美国的盟友和敌人建立关系，这与建立任何和平和高效的中美关系的意图相矛盾。”
中国利用所谓的“债务外交”来扩大其影响力。今天，该国向亚洲，非洲，欧洲甚至拉丁美洲的政府提供数千亿美元的基础设施贷款。然而，这些贷款的条款往往是不透明的，而且这些利益绝大多数流向北京。
（此处有删节）
从去年开始，中国“cc挡”已经说服3个拉美国家切断与泰国的关系，承认北京。这些行动威胁到台湾海峡的稳定——美利坚合众国谴责这些行动。虽然我们的政府将继续尊重我们的一个中国政策，正如三个联合公报和“与台湾关系法”所反映的那样，美国将始终相信台湾对民主的拥抱，为所有中国人民提供了一条更好的道路。
这些只是中国寻求在全球范围内推进其战略利益的一些方式，其强度和复杂程度不断提高。然而，以前的政府几乎都忽略了中国的行动——在许多情况下，他们纵容了他们。但那种日子结束了。
在特朗普总统的领导下，美利坚合众国一直以新的美国力量捍卫我们的利益......
我们一直在使世界历史上最强大的军队变得更强大。今年早些时候，总统签署了自罗纳德·里根时代以来最大增幅的国防法律——7,160亿美元，以扩大我们在各个领域的军事统治地位。
我们正在使我们的核武库现代化，我们正在部署和开发新的尖端战斗机和轰炸机，我们正在建造新一代航空母舰和战舰，我们正在以前所未有的方式投资于我们的武装部队。这包括启动建立美国太空部队的进程，以确保我们继续在太空中占据主导地位（点击前文），并授权提高网络世界的能力，以建立对我们对手的威慑力。
在特朗普总统的指导下，我们还对2500亿美元的中国商品征收关税，其中最高的关税专门针对北京试图捕捉和控制的先进行业。总统还明确表示，除非达成公平和互惠的协议，否则我们将征收更多的关税，可能会使这一数字大幅增加一倍以上。
我们的行动产生了重大影响。中国最大的证券交易所今年前9个月下跌了25％，这在很大程度上是因为我们的政府在坚持对抗北京的贸易习惯。
正如特朗普总统明确指出的那样，我们不希望中国的市场遭受损失。事实上，我们希望它们茁壮成长。但美国希望北京奉行自由、公平和互惠的贸易政策。
可悲的是，到目前为止，中国的统治者拒绝采取这条道路。 美国人民应该知道，为了回应特朗普总统所采取的强硬立场，北京正在进行全面和协调的运动，以破坏对总统、我们的议事和我们国家最珍惜的理想的支持。
我今天想告诉你我们对中国行动的了解——其中我们从情报评估中收集到了一些，有些是公开的。 但所有这些都是事实。
正如我之前所说，北京采用国家政府的方式来提升其影响力并造福其利益。 它以更主动和强制的方式，利用这种力量来干涉美国的国内政策和政治。
中国正在奖励或胁迫美国企业，电影制片厂，大学，智库，学者，记者以及地方、州和联邦官员。
最糟糕的是，中国发起了前所未有的努力来影响美国公众舆论，干扰2018年的选举以及2020年总统选举的气氛......
坦率地说，特朗普总统的领导力正在发挥作用；中国想要一位不同的美国总统。
中国正在干涉美国的民主。正如特朗普总统上周所说，我们“发现中国一直试图干涉我们即将举行的2018年的中期选举。”
我们的情报界称，“中国正在瞄准美国州和地方政府和官员，以利用联邦和地方政府之间的任何分歧。它利用贸易关税等核心问题来推动北京的政治影响力。”
6月，北京发布了一份题为“宣传和审查通知”的敏感文件，其中列出了其战略。它指出，中国必须“准确，谨慎地打击，分裂美国不同的国内集团”。
为此，北京动员了隐蔽的演员，前线团体和宣传渠道，以改变美国人对中国政策的看法。正如我们情报界的一名高级职业成员最近告诉我的那样，与中国在这个国家所做的事情相比，俄罗斯人的表现相形见绌。
中国高级官员也试图影响商界领袖，谴责他们的贸易行为，利用他们维持在中国业务的愿望。在最近的一个例子中，如果他们拒绝反对我们政府的政策，他们威胁要吊销美国一家大公司的营业执照。
当涉及影响中期时，你只需要看看北京对我们的关税回应。他们专门针对将在2018年大选中发挥重要作用的行业和州。据估计，中国目前有针对地干扰的美国的县，2016年80％以上投票支持了特朗普总统；现在中国想让这些选民反对我们的政府。
中国也直接吸引美国选民。上周，中国政府支付了一部资料，这些资料已插入得梅因登记册——我们驻华大使的家乡，也是2018年的一个关键州。该补充资料旨在看起来像新闻文章，其实是宣传我们的贸易政策对爱荷华人来说是鲁莽和有害的。
幸运的是，美国人并不买账。美国农民与这位总统站在一起，并看到他所采取的强势立场的真实结果，包括本周的美国 - 墨西哥 - 加拿大协议（点击前文），我们已经大幅开放北美市场的美国产品——这是对美国农民和制造业的伟大胜利。
但中国的行动并非只关注影响我们的政策和政治。北京也正在采取措施，利用其经济杠杆和中国庞大的国内市场的吸引力，提升其对美国公司的影响力。
北京现在要求在中国开展业务的美国合资企业在其公司内部建立“挡组织”，让“cc挡”在招聘和投资决策方面发表意见——可能是一票否决权。
中国当局还威胁美国将台湾描绘成一个独特的地理实体，或者偏离中国的西藏政策。北京迫使达美航空公司公开道歉，因为其网站上没有将台湾称为“中国省”。它还迫使万豪解雇了一位喜欢关于西藏的推文的美国员工。
北京经常要求好莱坞以严格的正面方式描绘中国，并惩罚不这样做的工作室和制片人。北京的审查机构可以迅速编辑或取缔批评中国的电影，即使是在很小的方面。 “第二次世界大战”不得不削减剧本提到的源自中国的病毒。 “红色黎明”进行了数字编辑，使恶棍成为朝鲜人，而不是中国人。
除了商业之外，中国“cc挡”还在美国以及其他国家的宣传渠道上花费了数十亿美元。
中国国际广播电台现在在30多个美国网点播放北京友好节目，其中很多都在美国主要城市播出。中国全球电视网络覆盖了超过7500万美国人——它直接从“cc挡”那里获得了行动命令。正如中国最高领导人在访问网络总部时所说的那样，““cc挡”和政府的媒体是宣传战线，必须以“挡”为名。”
这就是为什么上个月，司法部下令该网络注册为外国代理商。
““cc挡”还威胁和拘留了那些撬得太深的美国记者的中国家庭成员。它阻止美国媒体机构的网站，使我们的记者更难获得签证。这发生在“纽约时报”发表有关中国一些领导人财富的调查报告之后。
但媒体并不是中国某D寻求培养审查文化的唯一地方。学术界也是如此。
中国学生和学者协会就是其中之一，其中有超过150个分支机构遍布美国各校区。这些团体帮助为在美国学习的43万多名中国公民中的一些人组织社交活动;当中国学生和美国学校偏离““cc挡”路线时，他们也会向中国领事馆和大使馆发出警告。
在马里兰大学，一名中国学生最近在她的毕业典礼上发表了她在美国所谓的“新言论自由”的演讲。““cc挡”的官方报纸迅速谴责她，她成为中国严密控制的社交媒体的暴风雨的受害者，她的家人受到骚扰。至于大学本身，它与中国的交流项目怎突然被骤降。
中国也在其他方面施加学术压力。北京向大学，智囊团和学者提供慷慨资助，驱使他们避免对“cc挡”的负面想法。中国专家尤其知道，如果他们的研究与北京的谈话要点相矛盾，他们的签证将被推迟或被拒绝。
正如哈德逊研究所发现的那样，即使是那些避开中国资金的学者和团体也是该国的目标。在哈德逊研究所提出邀请一个北京不喜欢的演讲者之后，网站遭受了一场来自上海的重大网络攻击。哈德逊研究所比大多数人更清楚中国“cc挡”试图破坏今天美国的学术自由和言论自由。
这些和其他行动构成了一个整体的系列，目标是使美国公众舆论和公共政策远离唐纳德·特朗普总统的“美国第一”的主旨。但我们对中国统治者的信息是这样的：总统不会退缩——美国人民不会动摇。即使我们希望改善与北京的关系，我们仍将坚定不移地保障我们的安全和经济。
我们的政府将继续采取果断行动，保护美国的利益，包括美国的就业和美国的安全。
在我们重建军队的过程中，我们将继续在亚太地区维护美国的利益。
在我们回应中国的贸易惯例时，我们将继续要求与中国建立自由、公平和互惠的经济关系。要求北京打破贸易壁垒，履行贸易义务，全面开放经济，就像我们一样。我们开放了。
我们将继续采取行动，直到北京结束对美国知识产权的盗窃，并停止强迫技术转让的掠夺性做法......
为了推进我们对自由开放的亚太地区的愿景，我们正在与整个地区——从印度到萨摩亚——分享我们价值观的国家建立新的更强大的纽带。我们的关系源于尊重的精神，建立在伙伴关系而非统治的基础上。
正如上周特朗普总统与韩国签署了新的贸易协定，我们也将迅速与日本改善贸易关系。
我们正在精简国际发展和金融计划，为外国提供公正透明的替代中国债务陷阱外交的选择。为此，特朗普总统将在未来的日子里将“建筑法”签署为法律。
下个月，我有幸代表美国在新加坡和巴布亚新几内亚，参加东盟和亚太经合组织会议。在那里，我们将公布新的措施和计划，以支持一个自由开放的亚太地区——并且我将代表总统传达一个信息，即美国对参与亚太地区事务的决心从未如此强大。
为了保护我们在国内的利益，我们加强了CFIUS（美国外国投资委员会）对中国在美投资的审查，以保护我们的国家安全免受北京的掠夺。
当涉及到北京的恶劣影响和对美国政治和政策的干涉时，无论形式如何，我们都将继续揭露它。我们将与社会各阶层的领导人合作，捍卫我们的国家利益和最珍惜的理想。美国人民将发挥决定性作用——事实上，他们已经（在起作用）......
当我们聚集在这里时，美国各地的共识正在上升......
越来越多的商界领袖正在考虑下一季度，在进入中国市场之前——如果这意味着要交换他们的知识产权或屈服于北京的压迫，则要三思而后行。但更多企业需要同样效仿。例如，谷歌应该立即停止开发“Dragonfly”应用程序，这将加强“cc挡”的审查并损害中国客户的隐私......
越来越多的记者在没有恐惧或偏袒的情况下报道真相，深入挖掘中国干扰社会的地方，以及为什么——我们希望更多的美国和全球新闻机构加入这一努力。
更多的学者正在大力发声并捍卫学术自由，更多的大学和智囊团正在鼓起勇气，拒绝北京的宽松货币，认识到每一美元都有相应的需求。我们相信更多人会加入他们的行列。
在全国范围内，美国人民正在保持警惕，对我们的政府重建美国与中国的经济和战略关系的行动有了新的认识，保障“美国第一”。
在特朗普总统的领导下，美国将坚持到底。中国应该知道美国人民和他们从两党选出的代表在此方面想法是一致的。
正如我们的国家安全战略所述：“竞争并不总是意味着敌意。”正如特朗普总统所表明的那样，我们希望与北京建立起建设性的关系，在那里我们的繁荣与安全共同发展，而不是分开。虽然北京已经远离这一愿景，但中国的统治者仍然可以改变方向，回归“改革开放”和更大自由的精神。美国人民不想要更多；中国人民则应该拥有更多。
伟大的中国思想家鲁迅经常哀叹，他的国家“要么把外国人视为野蛮人，要么把他们视为圣徒，而不是平等。”今天，美国正在向中国伸出援助之手；我们希望北京能够很快回来——用行动而不是言辞，重新尊重美国。但是，在我们与中国的关系以公平、互惠和尊重主权为基础之前，我们不会松懈。
有一句古老的中国谚语告诉我们“人们只看到现在，但上帝看到了未来。”在我们前进的过程中，让我们以决心和信念追求和平与繁荣的未来......
对美国人民与中国人民之间持久友谊的信念......
天国看到未来的信念——通过上帝的恩典，美国和中国将共同迎接这个未来。
谢谢。上帝祝福你。上帝保佑美利坚合众国。
英文全文
Remarks delivered by President Mike Pence on the administration’s policy towards China at Hudson Institute on October 4, 2018:
Thank you, Ken, for that kind introduction. To the Members of the Board
of Trustees, to Dr. Michael Pillsbury, to our distinguished guests, and
to all of you who, true to your mission, “think about the future in
unconventional ways” – it’s an honor to be back at the Hudson Institute.
For more than half a century, this Institute has dedicated itself to
“advancing global security, prosperity, and freedom.” And while Hudson’s
hometowns have changed over the years, one thing has held constant: You
have always advanced that vital truth, that American leadership lights
the way.
And today, I bring greetings from a champion of American leadership, at
home and abroad – the 45th President of the United States of America,
President Donald Trump.
From early in this administration, President Trump has made our
relationship with China and President Xi a priority. On April 6th of
last year, President Trump welcomed President Xi to Mar-A-Lago. On
November 8th of last year, President Trump traveled to Beijing, where
China’s leader welcomed him warmly.
Over the course of the past 2 years, our President has forged a strong
personal relationship with the president of the People’s Republic of
China, and they’ve worked closely on issues of common interest, most
importantly the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula…
But I come before you today because the American people deserve to know…
as we speak, Beijing is employing a whole-of-government approach, using
political, economic, and military tools, as well as propaganda, to
advance its influence and benefit its interests in the United States.
China is also applying this power in more proactive ways than ever
before, to exert influence and interfere in the domestic policy and
politics of our country.
Under our administration, we’ve taken decisive action to respond to
China with American leadership, applying the principles, and the
policies, long advocated in these halls.
In the “National Security Strategy” that President Trump released last
December, he described a new era of “great power competition.” Foreign
nations have begun to “reassert their influence regionally and
globally,” and they are “contesting [America’s] geopolitical advantages
and trying to change the international order in their favor.”
In this strategy, President Trump made clear that the United States of
America has adopted a new approach to China. We seek a relationship
grounded in fairness, reciprocity, and respect for sovereignty, and we
have taken strong and swift action to achieve that goal.
As the President said last year on his visit to China, “we have an
opportunity to strengthen the relationship between our two countries and
improve the lives of our citizens.” Our vision of the future is built
on the best parts of our past, when America and China reached out to one
another in a spirit of openness and friendship…
When our young nation went searching in the wake of the Revolutionary
War for new markets for our exports, the Chinese people welcomed
Americans traders laden with ginseng and fur…
When China suffered through indignities and exploitation during her
so-called “Century of Humiliation,” America refused to join in, and
advocated the “Open Door” policy, so that we could have freer trade with
China, and preserve their sovereignty…
When American missionaries brought the good news to China’s shores, they
were moved by the rich culture of an ancient but vibrant people, and
not only did they spread faith; they also founded some of China’s first
and finest universities…
When the Second World War arose, we stood together as allies in the
fight against imperialism… And in that war’s aftermath, America ensured
that China became a Charter member of the United Nations, and a great
shaper of the post-war world.
But soon after it took power in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party began
to pursue authoritarian expansionism. Only five years after our nations
had fought together, we fought each other, on the mountains and in the
valleys of the Korean Peninsula. My own father saw combat on those
frontlines of freedom.
Not even the brutal Korean War could diminish our mutual desire to
restore the ties that for so long bound us together. China’s
estrangement from the United States ended in 1972, and soon after, we
re-established diplomatic relations, began to open our economies to one
another, and American universities began training a new generation of
Chinese engineers, business leaders, scholars, and officials.
After the fall of the Soviet Union, we assumed that a free China was
inevitable. Heady with optimism, at the turn of the 21st Century,
America agreed to give Beijing open access to our economy, and bring
China into the World Trade Organization.
Previous administrations made this choice in the hope that freedom in
China would expand in all forms – not just economically, but
politically, with a newfound respect for classical liberal principles,
private property, religious freedom, and the entire family of human
rights… but that hope has gone unfulfilled.
The dream of freedom remains distant for the Chinese people. And while
Beijing still pays lip service to “reform and opening,” Deng Xiaoping’s
famous policy now rings hollow.
Over the past 17 years, China’s GDP has grown 9-fold; it has become the
second-largest economy in the world. Much of this success was driven by
American investment in China. And the Chinese Communist Party has also
used an arsenal of policies inconsistent with free and fair trade,
including tariffs, quotas, currency manipulation, forced technology
transfer, intellectual property theft, and industrial subsidies doled
out like candy, to name a few. These policies have built Beijing’s
manufacturing base, at the expense of its competitors – especially
America.
China’s actions have contributed to a trade deficit with the United
States that last year ran to $375 billion – nearly half of our global
trade deficit. As President Trump said just this week, “we rebuilt
China” over the last 25 years.
Now, through the “Made in China 2025” plan, the Communist Party has set
its sights on controlling 90% of the world’s most advanced industries,
including robotics, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence. To win
the commanding heights of the 21st Century economy, Beijing has directed
its bureaucrats and businesses to obtain American intellectual property
– the foundation of our economic leadership – by any means necessary.
Beijing now requires many American businesses to hand over their trade
secrets as the cost of doing business in China. It also coordinates and
sponsors the acquisition of American firms to gain ownership of their
creations. Worst of all, Chinese security agencies have masterminded the
wholesale theft of American technology – including cutting-edge
military blueprints.
And using that stolen technology, the Chinese Communist Party is turning plowshares into swords on a massive scale…
China now spends as much on its military as the rest of Asia combined,
and Beijing has prioritized capabilities to erode America’s military
advantages – on land, at sea, in the air, and in space. China wants
nothing less than to push the United States of America from the Western
Pacific and attempt to prevent us from coming to the aid of our allies.
Beijing is also using its power like never before. Chinese ships
routinely patrol around the Senkaku Islands, which are administered by
Japan. And while China’s leader stood in the Rose Garden of the White
House in 2015 and said that his country had “no intention to militarize
the South China Sea,” today, Beijing has deployed advanced anti-ship and
anti-air missiles atop an archipelago of military bases constructed on
artificial islands.
China’s aggression was on display this week, when a Chinese naval vessel
came within 45 yards of the USS Decatur as it conducted
freedom-of-navigation operations in the South China Sea, forcing our
ship to quickly maneuver to avoid collision. Despite such reckless
harassment, the United States Navy will continue to fly, sail and
operate wherever international law allows and our national interests
demand. We will not be intimidated; we will not stand down.
America had hoped that economic liberalization would bring China into
greater partnership with us and with the world. Instead, China has
chosen economic aggression, which has in turn emboldened its growing
military.
Nor, as we hoped, has Beijing moved toward greater freedom for its
people. For a time, Beijing inched toward greater liberty and respect
for human rights, but in recent years, it has taken a sharp U-turn
toward control and oppression.
Today, China has built an unparalleled surveillance state, and it’s
growing more expansive and intrusive – often with the help of U.S.
technology. The “Great Firewall of China” likewise grows higher,
drastically restricting the free flow of information to the Chinese
people. And by 2020, China’s rulers aim to implement an Orwellian system
premised on controlling virtually every facet of human life – the
so-called “social credit score.” In the words of that program’s official
blueprint, it will “allow the trustworthy to roam everywhere under
heaven, while making it hard for the discredited to take a single step.”
And when it comes to religious freedom, a new wave of persecution is
crashing down on Chinese Christians, Buddhists, and Muslims…
Last month, Beijing shut down one of China’s largest underground
churches. Across the country, authorities are tearing down crosses,
burning bibles, and imprisoning believers. And Beijing has now reached a
deal with the Vatican that gives the avowedly atheist Communist Party a
direct role in appointing Catholic bishops. For China’s Christians,
these are desperate times.
Beijing is also cracking down on Buddhism. Over the past decade, more
than 150 Tibetan Buddhist monks have lit themselves on fire to protest
China’s repression of their beliefs and culture. And in Xinjiang, the
Communist Party has imprisoned as many as one million Muslim Uyghurs in
government camps where they endure around-the-clock brainwashing.
Survivors of the camps have described their experiences as a deliberate
attempt by Beijing to strangle Uyghur culture and stamp out the Muslim
faith.
But as history attests, a country that oppresses its own people rarely
stops there. Beijing also aims to extend its reach across the wider
world. As Hudson’s own Dr. Michael Pillsbury has said, “China has
opposed the actions and goals of the U.S. government. Indeed, China is
building its own relationships with America’s allies and enemies that
contradict any peaceful or productive intentions of Beijing.”
China uses so-called “debt diplomacy” to expand its influence.Today,
that country is offering hundreds of billions of dollars in
infrastructure loans to governments from Asia to Africa to Europe to
even Latin America. Yet the terms of those loans are opaque at best, and
the benefits flow overwhelmingly to Beijing.
Just ask Sri Lanka, which took on massive debt to let Chinese state
companies build a port with questionable commercial value. Two years
ago, that country could no longer afford its payments – so Beijing
pressured Sri Lanka to deliver the new port directly into Chinese hands.
It may soon become a forward military base for China’s growing
blue-water navy.
Within our own hemisphere, Beijing has extended a lifeline to the
corrupt and incompetent Maduro regime in Venezuela, pledging $5 billion
in questionable loans that can be repaid with oil. China is also that
country’s single largest creditor, saddling the Venezuelan people with
more than $50 billion in debt. Beijing is also corrupting some nations’
politics by providing direct support to parties and candidates who
promise to accommodate China’s strategic objectives…
And since last year, the Chinese Communist Party has convinced 3 Latin
American nations to sever ties with Taipeiand recognize Beijing. These
actions threaten the stability of the Taiwan Strait – and the United
States of America condemns these actions. And while our administration
will continue to respect our One China Policy, as reflected in the three
joint communiques and the Taiwan Relations Act, America will always
believe Taiwan’s embrace of democracy shows a better path for all the
Chinese people.
These are only a few of the ways that China has sought to advance its
strategic interests across the world, with growing intensity and
sophistication. Yet previous administrations all but ignored China’s
actions – and in many cases, they abetted them. But those days are over.
Under President Trump’s leadership, the United States of America has
been defending our interests with renewed American strength…
We’ve been making the strongest military in the history of the world
stronger still. Earlier this year, the President signed into law the
largest increase in our national defense since the days of Ronald Reagan
– $716 billion to extend our military dominance in every domain.
We’re modernizing our nuclear arsenal, we’re fielding and developing new
cutting-edge fighters and bombers, we’re building a new generation of
aircraft carriers and warships, and we’re investing as never before in
our Armed Forces. This includes initiating the process to establish the
United States Space Force to ensure our continued dominance in space,
and authorizing increased capability in the cyber world to build
deterrence against our adversaries.
And at President Trump’s direction, we’re also implementing tariffs on
$250 billion in Chinese goods, with the highest tariffs specifically
targeting the advanced industries that Beijing is trying to capture and
control. And the President has also made clear that we’ll levy even more
tariffs, with the possibility of substantially more than doubling that
number, unless a fair and reciprocal deal is made.
Our actions have had a major impact. China’s largest stock exchange fell
by 25% in the first 9 months of this year, in large part because our
administration has stood up to Beijing’s trade practices.
As President Trump has made clear, we don’t want China’s markets to
suffer. In fact, we want them to thrive. But the United States wants
Beijing to pursue trade policies that are free, fair, and reciprocal.
Sadly, China’s rulers have refused to take that path – so far. The
American people deserve to know that, in response to the strong stand
that President Trump has taken, Beijing is pursuing a comprehensive and
coordinated campaign to undermine support for the President, our agenda,
and our nation’s most cherished ideals.
I want to tell you today what we know about China’s actions – some of
which we’ve gleaned from intelligence assessments, some of which are
publicly available. But all of which is fact.
As I said before, Beijing is employing a whole-of-government approach to
advance its influence and benefit its interests. It’s employing this
power in more proactive and coercive ways to interfere in the domestic
policies and politics of the United States.
The Chinese Communist Party is rewarding or coercing American
businesses, movie studios, universities, think tanks, scholars,
journalists, and local, state, and federal officials.
Worst of all, China has initiated an unprecedented effort to influence
American public opinion, the 2018 elections, and the environment leading
into the 2020 presidential elections…
To put it bluntly, President Trump’s leadership is working; and China wants a different American President.
China is meddling in America’s democracy. As President Trump said just
last week, we have “found that China has been attempting to interfere in
our upcoming 2018 [midterm] election[s].”
Our intelligence community says that “China is targeting U.S. state and
local governments and officials to exploit any divisions between federal
and local levels on policy. It’s using wedge issues, like trade
tariffs, to advance Beijing’s political influence.”
In June, Beijing circulated a sensitive document, entitled “Propaganda
and Censorship Notice,” that laid out its strategy. It states that China
must “strike accurately and carefully, splitting apart different
domestic groups” in the United States.
To that end, Beijing has mobilized covert actors, front groups, and
propaganda outlets to shift Americans’ perception of Chinese policies.
As a senior career member of our intelligence community recently told
me, what the Russians are doing pales in comparison to what China is
doing across this country.
Senior Chinese officials have also tried to influence business leaders
to condemn our trade actions, leveraging their desire to maintain their
operations in China. In one recent example, they threatened to deny a
business license for a major U.S. corporation if it refused to speak out
against our administration’s policies.
And when it comes to influencing the midterms, you need only look at
Beijing’s tariffs in response to ours. They specifically targeted
industries and states that would play an important role in the 2018
election. By one estimate, more than 80% of U.S. counties targeted by
China voted for President Trump in 2016; now China wants to turn these
voters against our administration.
And China is also directly appealing to the American voter. Last week,
the Chinese government paid to have a multipage supplement inserted into
the Des Moines Register – the paper of record in the home state of our
Ambassador to China, and a pivotal state in 2018. The supplement,
designed to look like news articles, cast our trade policies as reckless
and harmful to Iowans.
Fortunately, Americans aren’t buying it. For example: American farmers
are standing with this President and are seeing real results from the
strong stands that he’s taken, including this week’s U.S.-Mexico-Canada
Agreement, where we’ve substantially opened North American markets to
U.S. products – a great win for American farmers and manufacturers.
But China’s actions aren’t focused solely on influencing our policies
and politics. Beijing is also taking steps to exploit its economic
leverage, and the allure of China’s large domestic market, to advance
its influence over American corporations.
Beijing now requires American joint ventures that operate in China to
establish “party organizations” within their company, giving the
Communist Party a voice – and perhaps a veto – in hiring and investment
decisions.
Chinese authorities have also threatened U.S. companies that depict
Taiwan as a distinct geographic entity, or that stray from Chinese
policy on Tibet. Beijing compelled Delta Airlines to publicly apologize
for not calling Taiwan a “province of China” on its website. It also
pressured Marriott to fire a U.S. employee who liked a tweet about
Tibet.
Beijing routinely demands that Hollywood portray China in a strictly
positive light, and it punishes studios and producers that don’t.
Beijing’s censors are quick to edit or outlaw movies that criticize
China, even in minor ways. “World War Z” had to cut the script’s mention
of a virus originating in China. “Red Dawn” was digitally edited to
make the villains North Korean, not Chinese.
Beyond business, the Chinese Communist Party is spending billions of
dollars on propaganda outlets in the United States, as well as other
countries.
China Radio International now broadcasts Beijing-friendly programming on
over 30 U.S. outlets, many in major American cities. The China Global
Television Network reaches more than 75 million Americans – and it gets
its marching orders directly from its Communist Party masters. As
China’s top leader put it during a visit to the network’s headquarters,
“The media run by the Party and the government are propaganda fronts and
must have the Party as their surname.”
That’s why, last month, the Department of Justice ordered that network to register as a foreign agent.
The Communist Party has also threatened and detained the Chinese family
members of American journalists who pry too deep. And it has blocked the
websites of U.S. media organizations and made it harder for our
journalists to get visas. This happened after the New York Times
published investigative reports about the wealth of some of China’s
leaders.
But the media isn’t the only place where the Chinese Communist Party
seeks to foster a culture of censorship. The same is true of academia.
Look no further than the Chinese Students and Scholars Associations, of
which there are more than 150 branches across American campuses. These
groups help organize social events for some of the more than 430,000
Chinese nationals studying in the United States; they also alert Chinese
consulates and embassies when Chinese students, and American schools,
stray from the Communist Party line.
At the University of Maryland, a Chinese student recently spoke at her
graduation ceremony of what she called the “fresh air of free speech” in
America. The Communist Party’s official newspaper swiftly chastised
her, she became the victim of a firestorm of criticism on China’s
tightly-controlled social media,and her family back home was harassed.
As for the university itself, its exchange program with China – one of
the nation’s most extensive – suddenly turned from a flood to a trickle.
China exerts academic pressure in other ways, too. Beijing provides
generous funding to universities, think tanks, and scholars, with the
understanding that they will avoid ideas that the Communist Party finds
dangerous or offensive. China experts in particular know that their
visas will be delayed or denied if their research contradicts Beijing’s
talking points.
And even scholars and groups who avoid Chinese funding are targeted by
that country, as the Hudson Institute found out firsthand. After you
offered to host a speaker Beijing didn’t like, your website suffered a
major cyber-attack, originating from Shanghai. You know better than most
that the Chinese Communist Party is trying to undermine academic
freedom and the freedom of speech in America today.
These and other actions, taken as a whole, constitute an intensifying
effort to shift American public opinion and public policy away from the
America First leadership of President Donald Trump. But our message to
China’s rulers is this: This President will not back down – and the
American people will not be swayed. We will continue to stand strong for
our security and our economy, even as we hope for improved relations
with Beijing.
Our administration will continue to act decisively to protect American interests, American jobs, and American security.
As we rebuild our military, we will continue to assert American interests across the Indo-Pacific.
As we respond to China’s trade practices, we will continue to demand an
economic relationship with China that is free and fair and reciprocal,
demanding that Beijing break down its trade barriers, fulfill its trade
obligations, and fully open its economy, just as we have opened ours.
We will continue to take action until Beijing ends the theft of American
intellectual property, and stops the predatory practice of forced
technology transfer…
And to advance our vision of a free and open Indo-Pacific, we’re
building new and stronger bonds with nations that share our values,
across the region – from India to Samoa. Our relationships will flow
from a spirit of respect, built on partnership, not domination.
We’re forging new trade deals, on a bilateral basis, just as last week,
President Trump signed an improved trade deal with South Korea, and we
will soon begin negotiating a historic bilateral free-trade deal with
Japan.
And we’re streamlining international development and finance programs,
giving foreign nations a just and transparent alternative to China’s
debt-trap diplomacy. To that end, President Trump will sign the BUILD
Act into law in the days ahead.
And next month, it will be my privilege to represent the United States
in Singapore and Papua New Guinea, at ASEAN and APEC. There, we will
unveil new measures and programs to support a free and open Indo-Pacific
– and on behalf of the President, I will deliver the message that
America’s commitment to the Indo-Pacific has never been stronger.
To protect our interests here at home, we’ve strengthened CFIUS – the
Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States – heightening our
scrutiny of Chinese investment in America, to protect our national
security from Beijing’s predatory actions.
And when it comes to Beijing’s malign influence and interference in
American politics and policy, we will continue to expose it, no matter
the form it takes. And we will work with leaders at every level of
society to defend our national interests and most cherished ideals. The
American people will play the decisive role – and in fact, they already
are…
As we gather here, a new consensus is rising across America…
More business leaders are thinking beyond the next quarter, and thinking
twice before diving into the Chinese market if it means turning over
their intellectual property or abetting Beijing’s oppression. But more
must follow suit. For example, Google should immediately end development
of the “Dragonfly” app that will strengthen Communist Party censorship
and compromise the privacy of Chinese customers…
More journalists are reporting the truth without fear or favor, and
digging deep to find where China is interfering in our society, and why –
and we hope that more American, and global, news organizations will
join in this effort.
More scholars are speaking out forcefully and defending academic
freedom, and more universities and think tanks are mustering the courage
to turn away Beijing’s easy money, recognizing that every dollar comes
with a corresponding demand. We’re confident that more will join their
ranks.
And across the nation, the American people are growing in vigilance,
with a newfound appreciation for our administration’s actions to re-set
America’s economic and strategic relationship with China, to finally put
America First.
And under President Trump’s leadership, America will stay the course.
China should know that the American people and their elected
representatives in both parties are resolved.
As our National Security Strategy states: “Competition does not always
mean hostility.” As President Trump has made clear, we want a
constructive relationship with Beijing, where our prosperity and
security grow together, not apart. While Beijing has been moving further
away from this vision, China’s rulers can still change course, and
return to the spirit of “reform and opening” and greater freedom. The
American people want nothing more; the Chinese people deserve nothing
less.
The great Chinese story-teller Lu Xun often lamented that his country
“has either looked down at foreigners as brutes, or up to them as
saints, but never as equals.” Today, America is reaching out our hand to
China; we hope that Beijing will soon reach back – with deeds, not
words, and with renewed respect for America. But we will not relent
until our relationship with China is grounded in fairness, reciprocity,
and respect for sovereignty.
There is an ancient Chinese proverb that tells us that “men see only the
present, but heaven sees the future.” As we go forward, let us pursue a
future of peace and prosperity with resolve and faith…
Faith in President Trump’s leadership, and the relationship that he has forged with China’s president…
Faith in the enduring friendship between the American people and the Chinese people…
Faith that heaven sees the future – and by God’s grace, America and China will meet that future together.
Thank you. God bless you. And God bless the United States of America.
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