1,江迅,〈李鹏《关键时刻》的关键〉,《亚洲周刊》,2004年3月28日,页36—39. 2,例见:Li Lu, Moving the Mountain (New York: Pan Books, 1991); Shen Tong, Almost a Revolution (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998); Eddie Cheng, Standoff at Tiananmen (Sensys, 2009);刘刚,《天安门,路在何方》(香港:英华出版社,2009)。 3,例见:严家其,〈又一次北京之春〉,〈六三之夜〉,均载严家其,《政治多么简单》(台北:正中书局,1992),页226—46,248—52;包遵信,《六四的内情:未完成的涅槃》(台北:风云时代出版公司,1997);张伟国编,《钦本立的擦边球》(布鲁克林:二十一世纪中国基金会,2000);高瑜,《我的六四》(香港:文化中国出版社,2009)。 4,例见:Harrison E. Salisbury, Tiananmen Diary: Thirteen Days in June (Boston: Little, Brown, 1989);陆超祺,《六四内部日记》(香港:卓越文化出版社,2006)。 5,例见:丁望,《六四前后:对八九民运前后的政治分析》(台北:远景出版公司,1995);陈小雅,《天安门之变:八九民运史》(台北:风云时代出版公司,1996);卡玛、高富贵,《天安门》(香港:明镜出版社,1997);吴仁华,《天安门血腥清场内幕》(洛杉矶:真相出版社,2004);张万舒,《历史的大爆炸:“六四”事件全景实录》(香港:天地图书,2009);Roger V. Des Forges, Luo Ning, and Wu Yen-bo eds., Chinese Democracy and the Crisis of 1989: Chinese and American Reflections (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993); Craig Calhoun, Neither Gods Nor Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994); Timothy Brook, Quelling the People: The Military Suppression of the Beijing Democracy Movement (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998); Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001)。
6,例见:Han Minzhu ed., Cries for Democracy: Writings and Speeches from the 1989 Chinese Democracy Movement (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Michel Oksenberg ed., Beijing Spring, 1989: Confrontation and Conflict (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1990); Jonathan Unger ed., The Pro-Democracy Protests in China: Reports from the Provinces (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1991); Theodore Han and John Li eds., Tiananmen Square Spring 1989: A Chronology of the Chinese Democracy Movement (Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, 1992); Andrew J. Nathan and Perry Link eds., The Tiananmen Papers (New York: Public Affairs, 2001, compiled by Zhang Liang);张良编,《中国“六四”真相》(香港:明镜出版社,2001)。 7,赵紫阳,《改革历程》(香港:新世纪出版社,2009);并见:Bao Pu, Renee Chiang, and Adi Ignatius eds., Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009)。 8,例见:国家教委思想政治工作司编,《惊心动魄的56天:1989年4月15日至6月9日每日纪实》(北京:大地出版社,1989);中共北京市委办公厅编,《1989'北京制止动乱平息反革命暴乱纪事》(北京:北京日报出版社,1989);袁立本,〈北京发生反革命暴乱真相〉,载唐绍明主编,《平暴后的反思:坚持改革开放,反对资产阶级自由化》(北京:世界知识出版社,1990),页3—33.根据李鹏本书透露,这些出版物的目的是要“揭露”坏人以“争取舆论”。 9,这一系列著作包括:李鹏,《众志绘宏图:李鹏三峡日记》(北京:中国三峡出版社,2003);李鹏,《起步到发展:李鹏核电日记》(北京:中国电力出版社,2004);李鹏,《电力要先行:李鹏电力日记》(北京:中国电力出版社,2005);李鹏,《立法与监督:李鹏人大日记》(北京:新华出版社、中国民主法制出版社,2006);李鹏,《市场与调控:李鹏经济日记》(北京:新华出版社,2007);李鹏,《和平与发展:李鹏外事日记》(北京:新华出版社,2008)。 10,引号内为李鹏原话。以下所引李鹏此书内容,在我的行文清楚交代时间的情况下,读者可按照这个时间交代,查阅此书相应日期的一节,不另行注明(比如说,本句内容,见李鹏此书“四月十六日”一节);在时间交代不清楚的情况下,我以括号注明所引内容出自此书某日期的一节,不另加脚注。
26,上书,页66-67. 27,这些东西,在政治学中,都属于institutions的范畴——汉译一般用“制度”一词,但它明显与当代汉语一般意义上所使用的“制度”概念有很大的不同;我这里试用“宪章制度”一词来表达其涵义。在下文中,除非另外说明,我一般是在二十世纪九十年代以来兴起的所谓“新制度主义”(new institutionalism)的学术传统内使用“institutions”(也即我所说的“宪章制度”)的概念,特别是其中的“历史制度主义”(historical institutionalism)。关于界定和阐述这一概念的相关文献,例见:Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992)。 28,这里的“制度”一词,是在当代汉语一般意义上使用的。 29,例见:Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Joel S. Migdal, Atul Kohli, and Vivienne Shue eds., State Power and Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Third World (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994); Joel S. Migdal, State in Society: Studying How States and Societies Transform and Constitute One Another (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001)。 30,例见:James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics (New York: Free Press, 1989); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991); Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); John L. Campbell and Ove K. Pedersen eds., The Rise of Neoliberalism and Institutional Analysis (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001)。
31,例见:Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen; Andrew Walder,“The Political Sociology of the Beijing Upheaval of 1989,”Problems of Communism, vol. 38, no. 5 (Sept./Oct. 1989), pp. 30-40.