1,江迅,〈李鵬《關鍵時刻》的關鍵〉,《亞洲周刊》,2004年3月28日,頁36—39. 2,例見:Li Lu, Moving the Mountain (New York: Pan Books, 1991); Shen Tong, Almost a Revolution (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998); Eddie Cheng, Standoff at Tiananmen (Sensys, 2009);劉剛,《天安門,路在何方》(香港:英華出版社,2009)。 3,例見:嚴家其,〈又一次北京之春〉,〈六三之夜〉,均載嚴家其,《政治多麼簡單》(台北:正中書局,1992),頁226—46,248—52;包遵信,《六四的內情:未完成的涅槃》(台北:風雲時代出版公司,1997);張偉國編,《欽本立的擦邊球》(布魯克林:二十一世紀中國基金會,2000);高瑜,《我的六四》(香港:文化中國出版社,2009)。 4,例見:Harrison E. Salisbury, Tiananmen Diary: Thirteen Days in June (Boston: Little, Brown, 1989);陸超祺,《六四內部日記》(香港:卓越文化出版社,2006)。 5,例見:丁望,《六四前後:對八九民運前後的政治分析》(台北:遠景出版公司,1995);陳小雅,《天安門之變:八九民運史》(台北:風雲時代出版公司,1996);卡瑪、高富貴,《天安門》(香港:明鏡出版社,1997);吳仁華,《天安門血腥清場內幕》(洛杉磯:真相出版社,2004);張萬舒,《歷史的大爆炸:“六四”事件全景實錄》(香港:天地圖書,2009);Roger V. Des Forges, Luo Ning, and Wu Yen-bo eds., Chinese Democracy and the Crisis of 1989: Chinese and American Reflections (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993); Craig Calhoun, Neither Gods Nor Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994); Timothy Brook, Quelling the People: The Military Suppression of the Beijing Democracy Movement (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998); Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001)。
6,例見:Han Minzhu ed., Cries for Democracy: Writings and Speeches from the 1989 Chinese Democracy Movement (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Michel Oksenberg ed., Beijing Spring, 1989: Confrontation and Conflict (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1990); Jonathan Unger ed., The Pro-Democracy Protests in China: Reports from the Provinces (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1991); Theodore Han and John Li eds., Tiananmen Square Spring 1989: A Chronology of the Chinese Democracy Movement (Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, 1992); Andrew J. Nathan and Perry Link eds., The Tiananmen Papers (New York: Public Affairs, 2001, compiled by Zhang Liang);張良編,《中國“六四”真相》(香港:明鏡出版社,2001)。 7,趙紫陽,《改革歷程》(香港:新世紀出版社,2009);並見:Bao Pu, Renee Chiang, and Adi Ignatius eds., Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009)。 8,例見:國家教委思想政治工作司編,《驚心動魄的56天:1989年4月15日至6月9日每日紀實》(北京:大地出版社,1989);中共北京市委辦公廳編,《1989'北京制止動亂平息反革命暴亂紀事》(北京:北京日報出版社,1989);袁立本,〈北京發生反革命暴亂真相〉,載唐紹明主編,《平暴後的反思:堅持改革開放,反對資產階級自由化》(北京:世界知識出版社,1990),頁3—33.根據李鵬本書透露,這些出版物的目的是要“揭露”壞人以“爭取輿論”。 9,這一系列著作包括:李鵬,《眾志繪宏圖:李鵬三峽日記》(北京:中國三峽出版社,2003);李鵬,《起步到發展:李鵬核電日記》(北京:中國電力出版社,2004);李鵬,《電力要先行:李鵬電力日記》(北京:中國電力出版社,2005);李鵬,《立法與監督:李鵬人大日記》(北京:新華出版社、中國民主法制出版社,2006);李鵬,《市場與調控:李鵬經濟日記》(北京:新華出版社,2007);李鵬,《和平與發展:李鵬外事日記》(北京:新華出版社,2008)。 10,引號內為李鵬原話。以下所引李鵬此書內容,在我的行文清楚交代時間的情況下,讀者可按照這個時間交代,查閱此書相應日期的一節,不另行註明(比如說,本句內容,見李鵬此書“四月十六日”一節);在時間交代不清楚的情況下,我以括號註明所引內容出自此書某日期的一節,不另加腳註。
26,上書,頁66-67. 27,這些東西,在政治學中,都屬於institutions的範疇——漢譯一般用“制度”一詞,但它明顯與當代漢語一般意義上所使用的“制度”概念有很大的不同;我這裡試用“憲章制度”一詞來表達其涵義。在下文中,除非另外說明,我一般是在二十世紀九十年代以來興起的所謂“新制度主義”(new institutionalism)的學術傳統內使用“institutions”(也即我所說的“憲章制度”)的概念,特別是其中的“歷史制度主義”(historical institutionalism)。關於界定和闡述這一概念的相關文獻,例見:Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992)。 28,這裡的“制度”一詞,是在當代漢語一般意義上使用的。 29,例見:Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Joel S. Migdal, Atul Kohli, and Vivienne Shue eds., State Power and Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Third World (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994); Joel S. Migdal, State in Society: Studying How States and Societies Transform and Constitute One Another (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001)。 30,例見:James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics (New York: Free Press, 1989); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991); Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); John L. Campbell and Ove K. Pedersen eds., The Rise of Neoliberalism and Institutional Analysis (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001)。
31,例見:Dingxin Zhao, The Power of Tiananmen; Andrew Walder,“The Political Sociology of the Beijing Upheaval of 1989,”Problems of Communism, vol. 38, no. 5 (Sept./Oct. 1989), pp. 30-40.