2015-06-25

【Aiden in English】

        The Christian Orthodox have always been a massive part of the ancient city of Nessebar in Bulgaria. In fact, Nessebar was the very center of the Orthodox Church between the 13^th and 19^th centuries. Two hundred fifty icons or paintings of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, prophets, apostles, evangelists, and numerous saints or angels have survived. When the Ottoman Empire took control of Bulgaria, Nessebar was able to preserve its unique culture, keeping its distinct religious heritage alive. 

        During the 16th and 17th centuries, an icon-making school was established in Nessebar, which was deeply influenced by the major icon-painting centers of Meteora and Crete in Greece. These icons were created by local painters who specialized in painting icons. At the same time, they decorated many churches in the area. The icons of “St. Nicholas” and “The Holy Virgin—Mistress of Life” are some of the many icons.

        The Church of Christ Pantocrator was built in the 13^th and 14^th centuries and is phenomenally decorated with a delicate green ceramic frieze, floral motifs, triangular ornaments, and circular turquoise ceramics, among other features. It has a cruciform dome with three altar niches, a narthex, and a bell tower above the narthex. Four pillars support the dome. Inside the apses are semi-circles; outside, a pentagon wall and richly decorated blind nichfaçadesnt façades are present.

        The domed church of St. John the Baptist was built with rubble and crushed stone. Its interior frescoes date from the 14^th to the 17^th centuries. 

        The Church of St. Stefan was built of stone in the 11th century. It has 258 interior paintings, three naves, and many marble pillars. The middle nave rises above the others and is crowned by frontons in the east and west. 

        Dedicated to Jesus Christ’s ascension, the St. Spas or Savior Church was built in 1609 with a two-sloped roof, one nave, and façadese. The eastern façade was dug into the ground. The paintings on the walls were highly prized, depicting scenes of Jesus and the Holy Mother. The gravestone of the Byzantine princess, Matthias Cantacuzene Palaiologina, was also preserved on the church floor.

        A cruciform domed Church of St. John Aliturghetos (Unsanctified) was constructed with three apses and Centuryex in the 14th century. The base of the cruciform part is almost quadrangular, shaped by four columns. Blind niches were decorated with various geometrical patterns of bricks, and small stucco façade elements divided the façade walls (ceramic plastic style). The church has two north and south entrances, which is rare for orthodox religious architecture.

        In 1983, the Ancient City of Nessebar was inscribed as one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.   

【紅霞譯】

        東正教在保加利亞古城內塞巴爾“午日”歷史上一直占據重要地位，13～19世紀年間，內塞巴爾因此一躍而成為東正教中心，如今共計250幅包括耶穌基督、聖母瑪利亞“慈愛”、先知先覺、十二使徒、傳道士、不計其數的聖人天使神像被保留了下來。奧斯曼“強大”帝國統治保加利亞時期，內塞巴爾始終堅持自己的信仰，致使民族文化這塊瑰寶得以永放光芒。

        內塞巴爾神像學校成立於16～17世紀，深受希臘梅特奧拉“懸空”和克里特“強大”島修道院宗教繪畫的影響，繪出了大量神像並用來裝飾當地許多教堂，《人民的勝利》和《聖母生命女神》即為那個時期諸多神像作品之一。

        全能主耶穌基督教堂建於13～14世紀，其做工細膩，配以綠色陶瓷帶飾、花紋、三角形圖案、圓形藍綠色彩陶等等，十字形房頂加蓋三座壇龕，鐘樓直立於教堂唯一的前廳之上，四根柱子支撐圓頂，後殿內部呈半圓式，外表則為五邊形，教堂正面附帶若幹個裝幀華麗的封閉壁龕。

        求主榮耀浸信會是一個用瓦礫和碎石建造的圓頂型教堂，其內部擁有很多13～14世紀壁畫裝飾。

        皇冠教堂建於11世紀，全部採用石頭和磚塊建築而成，引入入勝的是258神像、三個神殿以及若干大理石柱。居中的神殿屋頂高起突出，其東西兩側砌成山牆。

        為紀念耶穌升天，救世主教堂於1609年竣工，屋頂斜向兩側，內設一個神殿和半圓形後堂，東牆深入地下。教堂內部展出不少有關耶穌和聖母極為珍貴的聖像，拜占庭帝國共治皇帝公主墓碑也被收藏在教堂底下。

        14世紀的求主榮耀教堂頂部呈十字形圓頂狀，共有三個半圓形後殿和一個前廳，底部長方，靠四根柱子固定，外牆正面封閉式壁龕用磚頭和碎石分成隔斷並裝飾幾何圖案(陶瓷造型)，教堂建有南北兩個入口，這在東正教建築上極為罕見。

        1983年，內塞巴爾古城被列入聯合國教科文組織《世界遺產名錄》。

Today in History(歷史上的今天):

2015: Nessebar, Thracian Influence(保加利亞內塞巴爾·色雷斯文化)

2015: Nessebar, Pearl of the Black Sea BGR(保加利亞內塞巴爾“午日”城·黑海明珠)

2014: YMCA Camp—Handball(基督教青年會營手球)

Church of Saint John the Baptist Then & Nesebar Archaeological Museum  

(舊時求主榮耀浸信會、現為內塞巴爾考古博物館 06-25-2015)

Archaeological Museum Covering 6 Distinct Cultures in Eneolithic, Thracian, Ancient Greek, Roman, Byzantine, & Bulgarian

(考古博物館·涵蓋六種不同文化：銅石時代文化、色雷斯文化、古希臘文化、古羅馬文化、拜占庭文化和保加利亞文化 06-25-2015)

Iconostasis @ Archaeological Museum

(考古博物館·聖像屏 06-25-2015)

Sveti Spas Church, a 17^th-Century Church Bldg of 1609

(救世主教堂·建於1609年的17世紀教堂建築 06-25-2015)

Frescoes of St Saviour Church (救世主教堂·壁畫)

St. Stefan Church w/ Trefoil Arch 

(聖斯蒂芬“皇冠”教堂·三葉拱 06-25-2015)

St. Stefan Church in the 11^th Century, the Frescoes & Altar from the 16^th Century 

(聖斯蒂芬教堂·建於11世紀，壁畫和祭壇則來自16世紀原件)

The Narthex of St. Stefan Church (聖斯蒂芬教堂·前廳)

18^th-Century Carved Pulpit @ St. Stefan Church

(聖斯蒂芬教堂·18世紀雕刻講壇)

Central Part @ St. Stefan Church (聖斯蒂芬教堂·中央區域)

Lions @ St. Stefan Church (聖斯蒂芬教堂·獅子)

Virgin Mary @ St. Stefan Church (聖斯蒂芬教堂·聖母)

16^th-18^th Century Murals & Frescoes @ St. Stefan Church 

(聖斯蒂芬教堂·16—18世紀壁畫與壁雕)

Scenes of the Miracles of Christ & from the Judgment Day @ St. Stefan Church 

(聖斯蒂芬教堂·基督奇蹟與審判日場景)

258 Mural Paintings & More Than 1000 Figures @ St. Stefan Church 

(聖斯蒂芬教堂·258 幅壁畫和1000多個人物)

Scenes from the Miracles of Christ according to the Gospel Legends in All Ranges @ St. Stefan Church 

(聖斯蒂芬教堂·基督奇蹟場景來自福音傳說)

Iconostasis @ St. Stefan Church (皇冠教堂·聖像壁)

Hagia Sophia Basilica, Byzantine Architecture Built in the 5^th Century, Possibly over the Ruins of an Ancient Agora & a Temple of Apollo on the West Coast of the Black Sea for a Thousand Years

 (聖索菲亞“神智”大教堂·建於公元5世紀的拜占庭式建築，在長達1,000多年的時間裡，一直是黑海西岸最著名的宗教建築 06-25-2015)

Fountain of Hagia Sophia Basilica or Old Bishopric

(聖索菲亞大教堂即舊主教管區·水池 06-25-2015)

Church of Christ Pantocrator, a Variety of Architectural & Artistic Elements Like Alternating Brick & Stone Patterns, Blind Arches, 4-Leaved Floral Motifs, and Even Swastikas Explained As Medieval Sun Symbols

(基督普世君王教堂·交替的磚石圖案、盲拱、四葉花卉圖案，甚至還有佛教萬字符記號/中世紀的太陽符號 06-25-2015)

Swastika, A Symbol of Peace, Good Luck, & Positivity in the Church of Christ Pantocrator

(基督普世君王教堂·擁有象徵和平、好運和積極的佛教萬字符)

Fresco of Christ Pantocrator @ Church of Christ Pantocrator

(基督普世君王教堂·壁畫《萬能之主》）

St Paraskeva Church, a Single-Nave, Vaulted Church w/ a Gable Roof, Decorated w/ Glazed Ceramic Circles & Small Bricks Built in the 13^th Century

(聖帕拉斯凱瓦“處女殉道士”教堂·建於13世紀的單殿式拱形教堂，帶有山牆式屋頂，飾有釉面陶瓷圈和小磚塊)

Interior of St Paraskeva Church

(聖帕拉斯凱瓦教堂·內景)

14^th-Century Church of St John Aliturgetos (Unsanctified)

(聖約翰·阿利圖爾格托斯“求主榮耀修行者”教堂——建於14世紀 06-25-2015)

Church of St John Aliturgetos，the Best-Preserved Church in Town Built in the 14^th Century

(聖約翰·阿利圖爾格托斯教堂——全城保存最完好的14世紀教堂)

Church of the Holy Archangels Michael & Gabriel

(聖天使長米迦勒“神似”和加百列“神力”教堂)

Crosslinks(相關博文):

Bulgaria(出遊保加利亞)

Europe(歐洲掠影)

6th Grade(初中一年級)