构建美丽新世界的美丽理论基础

Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow

Author: Yuval Noah Harari

Publisher: Harper

Publication: 2016

Homo Deus：明日简史

作者：尤瓦尔·诺亚·赫拉里

出版商：哈珀

出版时间：2016

从 70,000 年的人类历史推断（将其视为史诗级的趋势发现），

Harari 的预测是黑暗的、反乌托邦的和令人不安的。但他们在

工业、政治和科学界的巨兽中赢得了粉丝，包括巴拉克·奥巴马、

马克·扎克伯格、比尔·盖茨、丹尼尔·卡尼曼和贾里德·

戴蒙德。

Harari 做了一些预测，但以下是引起我们注意的关键预测。

    少数智神从芸芸智人中脱颖而出成为世界统治阶层

Humans will become Gods. Homo Sapiens (wise humans) is evolving into Homo Deus (god humans) with god-like mastery over our environment and the ability to create (and destroy) life.

人类将成为神。 Homo Sapiens（智慧人类）正在进化为 Homo 

Deus（神人类），对我们的环境拥有神一样的掌控力和创造

（和毁灭）生命的能力。

   连剥削你的价值都没有的“低端吃货人口”

The Rise of the “Useless Class”. The cost of upgrading the human condition will be expensive and reserved for a tiny elite. Meanwhile, the masses will see jobs disappear as they are replaced by ever more effective and ever more efficient technology. Unlike the lumpen proletariat of yesteryear, the new “useless class” will not even be able to sell their labour.

“无用阶级”的兴起。提升人类状况的成本将是昂贵的，而且是为

少数精英保留的。与此同时，随着工作被越来越有效和越来越高效

的技术所取代，大众将看到工作消失。与过去的流氓无产阶级

不同，新的“无用阶级”甚至无法出卖他们的劳动力。

“ 对比同类的动物属，智人的许多情感、意识、思想，

                其 实 是 多 余 的 。”

The Death of Humanism. The dominant religion of the early 21st Century – humanism (celebrating human intelligence, human experience (sensations, emotions and thoughts) and human values) – will be eroded by advances in science and technology. Specifically, the human sciences will challenge the human superiority and human exceptionalism that is implicit in humanism, including erroneous beliefs in the uniqueness of human sentience (feelings), human sapience (reason) and free-will. We are just animals with a God-complex.

人文主义之死。 21 世纪初的主要宗教——人文主义（颂扬人类

智慧、人类经验（感觉、情感和思想）和人类价值观）——将被

科技进步所侵蚀。具体而言，人文科学将挑战人文主义所隐含的

人的优越性和人的例外论，包括对人的感觉（感觉）、人的智慧

（理性）和自由意志的唯一性的错误信念。我们只是具有上帝

情结的动物。

对哈拉里来说，对人类民主、人类自由和人权的影响将是重大的。

想想人文主义政治（选民最了解）、人文主义经济学（客户永远

是对的）、人文主义美学（美在旁观者眼中）、人文主义伦理

（如果感觉良好——就去做！）和人文主义教育（自己想想！）。

AI Sapience 击败 Human Sentience。感知（我们的感觉能力）

和智能（我们的推理能力）的“大解耦”将导致人工智能技术比

人类更聪明、更聪明。无意识但高度智能的算法将比我们更了解

我们自己，我们将越来越依赖人工智能算法来为我们的生活、

爱情和工作提供信息和指导。

我爱上了你的算法。正如人工智能将人类理解为一组算法（公式）

来预测和解释行为一样，人类也会效仿。个人将不再被视为不可

简化和不可分割的自我，而是由“如果这个，那么那个”风格的

算法组成的可分割的“个体”，这些算法为个性、激情和形象

编码。想想 Match.com 上的类固醇，或者“通过数字认识自我”

的量化自我口头禅。

数据主义成为新宗教。人文主义宗教将被一种新的宗教“数据

主义”所取代，因为我们将以数据为中心的世界观取代以人为

中心的世界观。 Dataism 已经与硅谷的专家一起，将生命视为

数据处理，将个人和组织视为算法，以及人类生命在将经验转化

为数据的能力方面的价值。

                    Once this mission is accomplished, 

                        Homo sapiens will vanish.

万物互联（又名矩阵）。如果人类确实是一个单一的数据处理

系统，那么我们的输出将是创建一个新的、甚至更高效的数据

处理系统，称为万物互联。一旦完成这个任务，智人就会消失。

人类的终结。进化的下一步最终将看到人类从半进化的猿猴转变

为纯粹的信息，并在此过程中摆脱其碳基生物链。

Extrapolating from 70,000 years of human history (think of it as trend spotting on an epic scale), Harari’s predictions are dark, dystopian and disturbing. But they have won fans among big beasts in industry, politics and science including Barack Obama, Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, Daniel Kahneman and Jared Diamond.

Harari makes a number predictions, but here are the key ones that grabbed our attention.

Humans will become Gods. Homo Sapiens (wise humans) is evolving into Homo Deus (god humans) with god-like mastery over our environment and the ability to create (and destroy) life.

The Rise of the “Useless Class”. The cost of upgrading the human condition will be expensive and reserved for a tiny elite. Meanwhile, the masses will see jobs disappear as they are replaced by ever more effective and ever more efficient technology. Unlike the lumpen proletariat of yesteryear, the new “useless class” will not even be able to sell their labour.

The Death of Humanism. The dominant religion of the early 21st Century – humanism (celebrating human intelligence, human experience (sensations, emotions and thoughts) and human values) – will be eroded by advances in science and technology. Specifically, the human sciences will challenge the human superiority and human exceptionalism that is implicit in humanism, including erroneous beliefs in the uniqueness of human sentience (feelings), human sapience (reason) and free-will. We are just animals with a God-complex.

For Harari, the implications for human democracy, human freedom and human rights will be significant. Think of the challenges to humanist politics (the voter knows best), humanist economics (the customer is always right), humanist aesthetics (beauty is in the eye of the beholder), humanist ethics (if it feels good – do it!) and humanist education (think for yourself!).

AI Sapience beats Human Sentience. “The Great Decoupling” of sentience (our ability to feel) and sapience (our ability to reason) will result in AI technology that is smarter and more intelligent than humans. Non-conscious but highly intelligent algorithms will know us better than we know ourselves, and we will increasing rely on AI algorithms to inform and guide us in life, love and work.

I’m in Love with your Algorithms. Just as AI understands humans as sets of algorithms (formulae) to predict and explain behaviour, humans will follow suit. Individuals will not longer be seen as irreducible and indivisible selves, but as divisible ‘dividuals’ made up of constellations of ‘if this, then that’ style algorithms that code for personality, passions and profile. Think Match.com on steroids, or the Quantified Self mantra of “self-knowledge through numbers”.

Dataism becomes the New Religion. The religion of Humanism will be replaced by a new religion “Dataism”, as we replace a homo-centric world view in favour of a data-centric world view. Already with adepts in Silicon Valley, Dataism celebrates life as data processing, individuals and organisations as algorithms, and the value of a human life in terms of its capacity to transform experience into data.

The Internet of All Things (AKA The Matrix). If humankind is indeed a single data-processing system, then our output will be the creation of a new and even more efficient data-processing system, called the Internet-of-All-Things. Once this mission is accomplished, Homo sapiens will vanish.

The End of Humanity. The next step in evolution will ultimately see humans transform from semi-evolved simians into pure information and in doing so break free from their carbon-based biological chains.

https://brandgenetics.com/human-thinking/speed-summary-homo-deus-a-brief-history-of-tomorrow/

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F%B2.pdf

https://blog.creaders.net/u/8994/202109/412741.html

https://gnews.org/zh-hans/1504158/

  仍有家人居住北京的列位看官