全球心理健康问题患病率数据缺口：对具有国家代表性数据的回顾性分析

Data Gaps in Prevalence Rates of Mental Health Conditions Around the World: A Retrospective Analysis of Nationally Representative Data

——《柳叶刀/全球健康》第13卷第5期，2025年——

<The Lancet / Global Health> Volume 13, Issue 5, 2025

【摘要】背景：心理健康问题严重加剧了全球疾病负担，影响生活质量，并导致医疗费用和死亡率上升。关于这些疾病的患病率及其相关因素的准确数据对于政策制定、宣传和改善人口健康至关重要，但全球范围内关于心理健康问题严重程度的现有数据存在显著差距。本研究旨在识别和量化2021年全球疾病、伤害和风险因素负担研究（GBD）中关于不同生命周期精神障碍的数据缺口。方法：我们分析了GBD 2021研究中使用的具有全国代表性的11种心理健康问题数据来源，包括神经发育障碍和神经分化、一般精神障碍和物质使用障碍。我们的分析重点关注数据源的地理来源、年龄组、涵盖的心理健康状况或神经分化，以及数据科学生成的时间趋势。调查结果：GBD 2021确定了1950年以来1241个具有全国代表性的独特心里健康状况数据源。神经发育障碍和神经分化的覆盖率最低，只有不到13%的国家拥有患病率数据。低收入国家的数据缺口最大，没有关于神经发育障碍和神经分化的数据。只有29%的国家拥有关于一般精神障碍的数据，21%的国家拥有关于物质使用障碍的数据。非洲和西太平洋区域的数据缺口最大，儿童是覆盖率最低的人群：近90%的国家没有关于儿童的任何数据。大多数数据（各种疾病的70-80%）是在2010年之前获得的。解读：全球患病率数据仍然存在巨大缺口，尤其是在儿童和低收入国家。尽管21世纪的科学成果有所增加，但大多数精神障碍仍然代表性不足。需要全球协调努力来加强心理卫生数据收集并弥补这些缺口。 

[Summary] Background: Mental health conditions contribute substantially to the global burden of disease, affecting quality of life and leading to increased health-care expenses and mortality. Accurate data on the prevalence and correlates of these disorders are crucial for policy making, advocacy, and improving population health, but there are notable gaps in the available data on the magnitude of mental health difficulties around the world. This study aims to identify and quantify the data gaps on mental disorders across the lifespan in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. Methods: We analysed the nationally representative data sources used by GBD 2021 on 11 mental health conditions, including neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodivergence, general psychiatric disorders, and substance-use disorders. Our analysis focused on the geographical origin of the data sources, the age groups and mental health conditions or neurodivergence covered, and temporal trends on the scientific production of data. Findings: GBD 2021 identified 1241 unique nationally representative data sources for mental health conditions since 1950. Neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodivergence had the least coverage, with less than 13% of countries having prevalence data. Low-income countries had the largest data gap, with no data on neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodivergence, only 29% with any data on general psychiatric disorders, and 21% with data on substance-use disorders. The African and Western Pacific regions had the largest data gaps, and children were the least covered demographic: almost 90% of countries did not have any data for children. Most data (70–80% across disorders) were obtained before 2010. Interpretation: Substantial gaps in prevalence data persist globally, particularly in children and in low-income countries. Despite increased scientific production in the 2000s, most mental disorders remain under-represented. Coordinated global efforts are required to enhance mental health data collection and address these gaps.

论文原文：Caio B Casella, Antonis A Kousoulis,  Brandon A Kohrt, Jason Bantjes,  Christian Kieling, Pim Cuijpers, et al. (2025). Data gaps in prevalence rates of mental health conditions around the world: a retrospective analysis of nationally representative data. The Lancet / Global Health, Volume 13, Issue 5, Pages 879-887.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00563-1

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