心理学家认知特质的差异与科学界的分歧有关

Differences in psychologists’ cognitive traits are associated with scientific divides

——《自然/人类行为》2025年第9卷第6期——

<Nature / Human Behaviour> Volume 9, Issue 6, 2025

【摘要】科学研究通常以不同的思想流派为特征。我们探究这些分歧是否与研究人员认知特质的差异（例如对模糊性的容忍度）相关？这些差异可能导致研究人员偏好不同的问题，以不同的方式处理相同的问题，甚至在以相同的方式研究相同问题时得出不同的结论。我们调查了7973名心理科学研究人员，并探究了他们的研究内容、他们对该领域开放性问题的立场以及他们的认知特质和倾向之间的联系。结果表明，研究人员对科学问题的立场与他们的研究内容和认知特质相关。此外，这些关联在他们的发表历史中也能体现出来。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即科学领域的分歧反映了研究人员自身的差异，这暗示着某些分歧可能比传统的数据驱动型科学共识观点所认为的更难弥合。 

[Abstract] Scientific research is often characterized by schools of thought. We investigate whether these divisions are associated with differences in researchers’ cognitive traits such as tolerance for ambiguity. These differences may guide researchers to prefer different problems, tackle identical problems in different ways, and even reach different conclusions when studying the same problems in the same way. We surveyed 7,973 researchers in psychological sciences and investigated links between what they research, their stances on open questions in the field, and their cognitive traits and dispositions. Our results show that researchers’ stances on scientific questions are associated with what they research and with their cognitive traits. Further, these associations are detectable in their publication histories. These findings support the idea that divisions in scientific fields reflect differences in the researchers themselves, hinting that some divisions may be more difficult to bridge than suggested by a traditional view of data-driven scientific consensus. 

论文原文：Justin Sulik, Nakwon Rim, Elizabeth Pontikes, James Evans & Gary Lupyan (2025). Differences in psychologists’ cognitive traits are associated with scientific divides. Nature / Human Behaviour, Volume 9, Issue 6, Pages 1147–1161. June 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02153-1

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