默默承受的痛苦：探究美国大学生的性疼痛经历及其与性别角色的关系 Suffering in Silence: Examining U.S. College Students’ Painful Sexual Experiences and Their Relationship to Gender Roles ——《国际性健康杂志》第38卷第2期，2026年6月—— <International Journal of Sexual Health>, Volume 38, Issue 2 June 2026 【摘要】目的：性活动中的疼痛是一种常见但研究不足的现象。本研究采用非临床样本，涵盖女性、男性及非顺性别参与者（部分分析中），旨在深入了解常见性疼痛经历（包括非插入式性行为、阴茎-阴道性交及肛交）的发生率、潜在成因及其与传统性别角色的关联。方法：本研究调查了263名美国大学生，内容包括：对性疼痛普遍性的看法、个人性疼痛经历、对性活动中疼痛及在疼痛情况下继续性行为的潜在解释，以及“过度性别化信念”（hypergender beliefs）的测量。数据于2022年至2023年间在线收集。结果：女性报告在阴茎-阴道性交中感到疼痛的可能性几乎是男性的两倍。在经历过阴茎-阴道性交疼痛的参与者中，女性向伴侣告知疼痛情况的可能性是男性的两倍，且停止性行为的可能性是男性的四倍。过度性别化信念程度较高的参与者，向伴侣报告阴茎-阴道性交疼痛的可能性较低。主题分析归纳出女性和男性在性活动中感到疼痛的九个原因，以及在疼痛情况下继续性行为的六个原因；过度性别化态度与其中若干原因相关联。结论：研究结果表明，性活动中的疼痛具有性别特征，即在女性中更为常见，且与传统性别角色信念有关。然而，男性也报告了性活动中的疼痛，并因类似的性别相关原因未告知伴侣。应让所有性别的人群了解，尽管性活动中的疼痛很常见，但并非不可避免；良好的伴侣沟通有助于减轻不适感。 【关键词】性疼痛，性别角色，性别差异，性别化的性脚本 [Abstract] Objectives: Pain during sexual activity is a common, yet understudied experience. This research used a non-clinical sample and included women, men, and non-cisgender participants (in some of the analyses) in an attempt to understand more about the prevalence of and potential reasons for common painful sexual experiences (including non-penetrative, penile-vaginal, and anal sex) and their connection with traditional gender roles. Methods: For this study, 263 U.S. college students were asked about how common they believed painful sex to be, reported their own painful sexual experiences, provided potential explanations for pain during sexual activity and continuing that painful activity, and responded to a measure of hypergender beliefs. Data were collected online between 2022 and 2023. Results: Women were almost twice as likely as men to report pain during penile-vaginal intercourse. Of those participants who experienced pain during vaginal-penile sex, women were twice as likely as men to tell their partners about it and four times more likely to stop the activity compared to men. Participants higher in hypergender beliefs were less likely to report painful penile-vaginal intercourse to their partners. A thematic analysis yielded nine themes for why women and men might feel pain during sexual activity and six themes for why they might continue painful sexual activity. Hypergender attitudes were related to several of these themes. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that pain during sexual activity is gendered in that it is more common for women and is related to beliefs in traditional gender roles. However, men also reported pain during sexual activity and failed to inform their partners for similar gendered reasons. People of all genders should be informed that pain during sexual activity, while common, is not inevitable and that better partner communication could diminish their discomfort. [Key words] Sexual pain, Gender roles, Gender differences, Gendered sexual scripts 论文原文：Terri D. Fisher, Mary Bullard, Sydney Eyster & Camilla Kalthoff (2026). Suffering in Silence: Examining U.S. College Students’ Painful Sexual Experiences and Their Relationship to Gender Roles. International Journal of Sexual Health, Volume 38, Issue 2, Pages 560-579. June 2026. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2025.2605125 （翻译兼责任编辑：MARY） （需要英文原文的朋友，请联系微信：millerdeng95或iacmsp）
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