媒體指南對自殺相關報道質量及自殺事件的影響：一項系統綜述與薈萃分析

Impact of media guidelines on suicide-related reporting quality and suicides: A systematic review and meta-analysis

——《危機干預與自殺預防雜誌》第47卷第3期，2026年6月——

<The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention>, Volume 47, Issue 3, June 2026

【摘要】背景：與自殺相關的媒體報道可能會影響自殺意念和行為。描述自殺方式的報道可能增加自殺發生率（維特效應），而強調如何應對自殺危機的報道則有助於預防自殺（帕帕基諾效應）。目的：評估自殺報道媒體指南對報道質量及自殺發生率的影響。方法：遵循PRISMA指南，我們檢索了PubMed、Scopus、Embase、PsycInfo和Web of Science數據庫（檢索截止日期為2025年2月10日，並於2025年11月17日進行了更新）。納入的研究包括評估指南發布前後報道質量變化的生態學前後對比研究，以及評估指南發布後自殺發生率變化的時間序列分析。採用隨機效應薈萃分析（meta-analysis）估算報道質量的合併風險比（RR）及自殺發生率的發生率比（IRR）。結果：共納入來自11個國家的15項研究（涵蓋2003–2025年），其中14項涉及報道質量，3項涉及自殺發生率，2項同時評估了兩者。指南發布後，以下方面的報道質量有所改善：“基於準確信息向公眾普及有關自殺及自殺預防的事實”（k = 13, RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30–1.88）、“不描述所使用的自殺方式”（k = 12, RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15–1.53）以及“不過分簡化自殺原因或將其歸結為單一因素”（k = 10, RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.33）。對於其他建議，合併估算結果總體上支持指南的有效性，但往往精確度較低，且在某些情況下存在顯著異質性。由於僅有3項研究評估了對自殺發生率的影響，我們無法就此得出確切結論。輪廓增強漏斗圖和Egger檢驗提示，部分建議可能存在小樣本效應。局限性：所有納入的研究均採用生態學前後對比設計。關於指南實施力度的報告不一致，導致無法分析其影響。結論：媒體指南似乎改善了報道質量的多個方面。儘管關於其對自殺影響的證據有限，但這些指南不太可能造成危害，且可能通過提升報道標準帶來益處。亟需開展進一步研究，以量化其對自殺的影響。

【關鍵詞】自殺；薈萃分析；媒體指南；系統評價

[Abstract] Background: Suicide-related media reporting can influence suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Stories describing suicide methods can increase suicides (Werther effect), whereas those highlighting coping with suicidal crises can prevent them (Papageno effect). Aims: To assess the impact of media guidelines for suicide reporting on reporting quality and suicides. Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo, and Web of Science up to February 10, 2025, with an update on November 17, 2025. We included ecological pre–post studies assessing changes in reporting quality and time-series analyses assessing changes in suicides after guideline release. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled risk ratios (RRs) for reporting quality and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for suicides. Results: Fifteen studies from 11 countries (2003–2025) were included (14 on reporting quality, three on suicides, two measuring both). Following guideline release, reporting quality improved for “Do educate the public about the facts of suicide and suicide prevention based on accurate information” (k = 13, RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30, −1.88), “Don’t describe the method used” (k = 12, RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15, −1.53), and “Don’t oversimplify the reason for a suicide or reduce it to a single factor” (k = 0, RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02, −1.33). For other recommendations, pooled estimates generally favored the guidelines but were often imprecise, and in some cases, had substantial heterogeneity. We could not draw firm conclusions on their impact on suicides as only three studies assessed this outcome. Contour-enhanced funnel plots and Egger’s tests suggested possible small-study effects for some recommendations. Limitations: All included studies included ecological before-and-after designs. Implementation strength was inconsistently reported, preventing analysis of its influence. Conclusions: Media guidelines appear to improve several aspects of reporting quality. Although evidence for impact on suicides is limited, guidelines are unlikely to cause any harm and may confer benefits through improved reporting standards. Further research is urgently needed to quantify their impact on suicides.

[Key words] suicide; meta-analysis; media guidelines; systematic review

論文原文：Scotti Requena, Simone Arya, Vikas Niederkrotenthaler, et al. (2026). Impact of media guidelines on suicide-related reporting quality and suicides: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, Volume 47, Issue 3, Pages 188–200. June 2026.

https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a001049

（翻譯兼責任編輯：MARY）

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