同伴的力量：性规范如何塑造青少年对性经历的情绪反应

The Power of Peers: How Sexual Norms Shape Adolescents’ Emotional Responses to Sexual Experiences

——《性研究杂志》2026年4月27日在线发表——

<The Journal of Sex Research>, Published online: 27 April 2026

【摘要】同伴规范在塑造青少年的性观念与性行为方面发挥着关键作用。尽管既往研究主要聚焦于青少年的性经历本身，但对于同伴规范如何影响青少年对这些性经历所产生的“情绪反应”，目前人们知之甚少。本研究考察了三种类型的（感知到的）性同伴规范——即描述性规范（同伴的性行为）、指令性规范（同伴对性行为的认可）以及同伴压力（发生性行为的压力）——与青少年对性经历所产生的积极情绪（如快乐、自豪、被爱感）及消极情绪（如羞愧、内疚、污秽感）之间的纵向关联，并对这种关联在不同性别和年龄群体中的表现进行了探究。本研究数据来源于“STARS项目”（Project STARS），这是一项关于青少年性发展的荷兰纵向研究；该项目对240名已有性经历的青少年（年龄范围：12–18岁；平均年龄：14.73岁；标准差：1.24）进行了为期18个月的追踪调查。研究结果显示，随着时间的推移，描述性规范与青少年消极情绪的减少呈显著关联；相比之下，指令性规范和同伴压力则未表现出此类关联。此外，上述三种同伴规范均未与青少年的积极情绪表现出显著关联。尽管在青少年男生与女生之间未发现显著差异，但“同伴性行为”与“积极情绪”之间的关联却随年龄增长呈现出差异性：在年龄较小的青少年群体中（T4时点年龄为13–15岁），二者呈负相关关系；而在年龄较大的青少年群体中（T4时点年龄为16–19岁），二者则呈正相关关系。这些研究发现突显了以下两点的重要性：既要充分关注青少年对性经历所产生的积极与消极双重情绪反应，又要重视同伴规范影响力随青少年发展阶段而呈现出的差异性；唯有如此，方能更好地支持青少年实现情绪健康的性发展。

[Abstract] Peer norms play a key role in shaping adolescents’ sexuality. While research has focused primarily on adolescents’ sexual experiences, little is known about how peer norms influence emotional responses to these sexual experiences. This study examined the longitudinal associations between three types of (perceived) sexual peer norms: descriptive norms (sexual peer behavior), injunctive norms (peer sexual approval), and peer pressure (to have sex), and adolescents’ positive (happy, proud, loved) and negative (ashamed, guilty, dirty) emotional responses to sexual experiences, across gender and age. Data were drawn from Project STARS, a Dutch longitudinal study on adolescent sexuality, which followed 240 sexually experienced adolescents (12–18 years old, Mage = 14.73, SD = 1.24) over 18 months. Results showed that descriptive norms were associated with less negative emotions over time, while injunctive norms and peer pressure showed no such relationship. None of the three peer norms were significantly related to positive emotions. Although no significant differences emerged between adolescent boys and girls, the relation between sexual peer behavior and positive emotions differed by age: a negative relation was found for younger adolescents (13–15 years at T4), and a positive one for older adolescents (16–19 years at T4). These findings highlight the importance of acknowledging both positive and negative emotional responses to sexual experiences, as well as developmental differences in peer norm influence, to better support adolescents’ emotionally healthy sexual development.

论文原文：E. Reitz, W. Beumer, M. Deković & D. van de Bongardt (2026). The Power of Peers: How Sexual Norms Shape Adolescents’ Emotional Responses to Sexual Experiences. The Journal of Sex Research, Published online: 27 Apr 2026.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2026.2658112

（翻译兼责任编辑：MARY）

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