| http://www.56.com/u32/v_NTQ0NjA2Njk.html Crazy Cavan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOfeE17tmDs&feature=related 有多少歌曲你能够听过唱过就在记忆中生了根,能够在多年以后一个人回忆时哼唱, 能够说它的歌词和乐曲是那么的自然亲切? 如果有,这一首朴实"如人们吃了一辈子的面包一样"的《老黑奴》(老黑乔)一定在里面。 "快乐童年,如今一去不复返 亲爱朋友,都已离开家园 离开尘世到那天上的乐园 我听见他们轻声把我呼唤...." 老黑乔据说真有其人,名叫约瑟夫·琼斯 (Joseph Johns), 生于1794年,在年近半百时和其他奴隶一起到了作曲家福斯特所在的宾州。这位见过华盛顿总统灵车的黑奴因为奴隶没有出生证而无法确定具体岁数,但是,调 查认为他是在112到117岁之间的某一年过世的。下面是他老年时的照片和简陋到不能再简陋的"木屋"。 无论穷富,每个人都有过无忧无虑的快乐童年,只是,人过中年才容易拨开生活的嘈杂音符,听见那些快乐童年日子里的清澈笑声和其中亲情烂漫与浓厚的爱。当 你能这么回忆时,也就理解了斯蒂芬·福斯特的这首古老歌曲,以及他的其他那些著名又朴实如扎如记忆泥土中的老橡树一样不离不弃的经久歌词。 Old Black Joe 《老黑奴》 快乐童年,如今一去不复返 亲爱朋友,都已离开家园 离开尘世到那天上的乐园 我听见他们轻声把我呼唤 我来了、我来了 我已年老背又弯 我听见他们轻声把我呼唤 为何哭泣、如今我不应忧伤 为何叹息、朋友不能重相见 为何悲痛、亲人去世已多年 我听见他们轻声把我呼唤 我来了、我来了 我已年老背又弯 我听见他们轻声把我呼唤 幸福伴侣、如今东飘西散 怀中爱儿、早已离我去远方 他们已到我所渴望的乐园 我听见他们轻声把我呼唤 我来了、我来了 我已年老背又弯 我听见他们轻声把我呼唤 (Old Black Joe在台灣被翻為<老黑爵>,有全版和简版两种,以下是简版歌词: 時光飛逝 快樂青春轉眼過 老友盡去 永離凡塵赴天國 四顧茫然 殘燭餘年為寂寞 只聽見老友殷勤呼喚 老~黑~爵 我來啦~我來啦 黃昏夕陽即時沒 天路既不遠請即等我 老~黑~爵 ) Old Black Joe (和意译内容) Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay; Gone are my friends from the cotton fields away; Gone from the earth to a better land I know, I hear their gentle voices calling, "Old Black Joe!" (Refrain:) I'm coming, I'm coming, for my head is bending low; I hear their gentle voices calling, "Old Black Joe!" 那些心头年轻快乐无忧的日子已离我远去, 我的伙伴也离开了棉花田, 离开这里到一个美好的地方,我知道, 我听见他们柔声呼唤 , “老黑乔!” (反复)我来了,我来了,因为我的头渐渐低垂; 我听见他们柔声呼唤“老黑乔!” Why do I weep when my heart should feel no pain? Why do I sigh that my friends come not again? Grieving for forms now departed long ago, I hear their gentle voices calling, "Old Black Joe!" (Refrain:) I'm coming, I'm coming, for my head is bending low; I hear their gentle voices calling, "Old Black Joe!" 我为何哭泣,我心并不悲伤? 我为何要叹息 伙伴不复来? 只为怀念早已逝去的人, 我听见他们柔声呼唤, “老黑乔!” (反复)我来了,我来了,因为我的头渐渐低 垂; 我听见他们柔声呼唤“老黑乔!” Where are thee hearts once so happy and so free? The children so dear that I held upon my knee? Gone to the shore where my soul has longed to go, I hear their gentle voices calling, "Old Black Joe!" (Refrain:) I'm coming, I'm coming, for my head is bending low; I hear their gentle voices calling, "Old Black Joe!" 昔日快乐无羁的人们,如今安在? 还有,我抱在膝上可爱的小家伙? 他们都已到了我灵魂所渴望去的海岸, 我 听见他们柔声呼唤, “老黑乔!” (反复)我来了,我来了,因为我的头渐渐低垂; 我听见他们柔声呼唤“老黑乔!” 《老黑奴》是福斯特1860年离开家乡匹兹堡去纽约之前写的最后一首歌。写这首歌的时候,福斯特一生热爱着的家乡 和亲人,几乎都一去不复返了。可敬的父亲这时已经去世了,两个姊妹也已出嫁,远离了家乡,两个兄弟也相继故去,剩下的另一个弟兄摩利逊也已结婚,而且住到 了克利夫兰。事实上,除了妻子和年幼的女儿之外,只有他一个人孤独地留在家乡匹兹堡。此后福斯特又遭遇家庭婚变的悲剧,他被迫孤身流落到纽约,穷困潦倒, 仅仅四年后就孤寂地离开了人世。曲名中的“老黑奴”确有其人,正是在1860年,福斯特的妻子琼家的一个老黑奴去世了。作者福斯特与这个老黑奴有着多年的 交情,老黑奴的去世使作者深感悲痛。这首歌正是在这一背景下写的,旋律优美、亲切而又哀婉动人。显然,作者写作本曲除了寄托对老黑奴的哀思以外,也融进了 对自己境遇的哀叹。 美国第一位真正伟大的音乐家就是被 称为“(美国)民歌制作者”的斯蒂芬·福斯特。斯蒂芬·福斯特(Stephen Collins Foster,1826-1864),美国作曲家,他的一生以歌曲创作为主,自学而成。他的一生更为奇特的是他并没有受过真正的正规音乐和器乐教育,只是 在据说粗通小提琴的父亲鼓励下一生中先后学会了各种不同的乐器,而他的音乐则全靠天赋与对民间生活的感受而成。福斯特做曲不断,直到临去世前还有著名作品 完成,对黑奴和贫苦人的命运的同情关爱,对美好事物的热爱,支持着作曲家整个的人生。有趋的是,热爱生活而经历坎坷的von Trapp Family,不仅演唱了音乐之声里的经典歌曲,他们也非常喜爱演唱包括这首老黑奴在内的许多福斯特的歌曲,音乐之声的姊妹篇,电影 The Trapp Family里面就有多首这样的经典演唱。 顺便说,这首Old Black Joe的中文翻译作者(作者不詳)功底了得,不仅传神地译出了歌曲意境,还升华了它的感情,这一点上,任何仔细对比不同译文和原始歌词的人都会深有感触。 福斯特在1860年做出这打动人心的灵魂歌曲,很快就为第二年爆发的南北战争所传唱,有趣的是为解放奴隶而战的北军用福斯特的歌词,而南军也不落后,照样 使用福斯特的作品,当然后着迷恋的是福斯特音乐而非老黑奴的歌词。 战争期间他成了两军都争的作曲者,一生贫困的福斯特也真的就来者不拒了。可惜,即使最著名的歌曲(有的后来成了通过议会决议的美国州歌)完全卖出,也得不 到多少收益(号称"加州金国国歌"的Anthem of the California Gold Rush也只给他带来区区一百美金的收入)。另一首著名的福斯特作品是思瓦尼河畔Swanee River(中文翻为〝故乡的亲人〞等不同歌名)的趋闻和故事更多,甚至作成之后连作者本人也不知道那条河是在美国什么地方和怎么个流法。意外地,佛罗里 达人发现唱的是他们州的河,而且是由东向西反着流的一条河,激动之于,州议会把它定为法定佛州州歌(定名后还有不少故事)。 斯蒂芬·福斯特的生活故事表明了旧世界和新世界之间的显著不同。他生于1826年宾州的匹兹堡附近的一个小城镇,那是欧洲音乐的黄金时代,贝多芬、舒伯 特、 罗西尼、梅耶比尔当时都处在他们的名声的高峰,而柏辽兹、舒曼、门 德尔松、李斯特和威尔 第都正在成长为伟人。假如他生在大洋彼岸的话,他也许已经进了一个合唱学校或音 乐学院,而变成了一个交响乐作曲家 而不是一些简单歌曲和作曲家了。 斯蒂芬·福斯特作有《故乡的亲人》、《我的肯塔基故乡》、《金发的珍妮姑娘》、《美丽的梦神》、《噢,苏珊娜》、《老黑奴》等二百首歌曲,其中很多都是广 为流传的著名歌曲。他的作品结构简单,节奏平稳,音域不宽,材料精练,音调吸收源自古非洲文化及欧洲赞美歌的黑人民歌的养料,于真挚纯朴中含感伤色彩。这 些特点,再加上他熟用地方哩语(这些哩语为那些后来成了州歌的歌带来一些麻烦,据说至今还在立法改动过程中)使得他的歌曲非常容易传唱,可以打动无论贫富 和文化高底的每一个人,犹如中国杜甫把诗歌从高贵华丽殿堂搬入村妇家园,让她们评判高低,这种一生贴近生活的作风也是斯蒂芬·福斯特的一大特点。这种情绪 既是对黑奴命运的同情,又是他孤身异地生活的切身感受。 好了,听歌吧: All of the Stephen Collins Foster Songs 斯蒂芬·福斯特作品的全部曲目[点击歌曲名称播放音乐] from: http://pdmusic.org/foster.html Title | Words | 1839 | The Tioga Waltz [not published until 1896] | n/a | 1844 | Open Thy Lattice Love | George Pope Morris | Viva La Compagnie (Song and Chorus) [possibly by Foster] | anonymous | 1846 | There's A Good Time Coming | Charles Mackay | Autumn Waltz | n/a | 1847 | Lou'siana Belle | Foster | What Must a Fairy's Dream Be? | Foster | Where Is Thy Spirit Mary? | Foster | 1848 | Old Uncle Ned | Foster | Stay Summer Breath | Foster | Santa Anna's Retreat from Buena Vista | n/a | Oh! Susanna | Foster | Away Down Souf | Foster | 1849 | Nelly Was a Lady | Foster | My Brudder Gum | Foster | Dolcy Jones | Foster | Summer Longings | Denis Florence McCarthy | 1850 | Oh! Lemuel! | Foster | Mary Loves the Flowers | Foster | Nelly Bly | Foster | Soiree Polka | n/a | Dolly Day | Foster | "Gwine to Rune All Night" or De Camptown Races | Foster | Angelina Baker | Foster | Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway! | Foster | Way Down in Ca-i-ro | Foster | Molly Do You Love Me? | Foster | The Voice of By Gone Days | Foster | The Spirit of My Song | Metta Victoria Fuller | Soiree Polka [arr. for Piano, Four Hands] | n/a | I Would Not Die in Spring Time | Foster | I Would Not Die in Spring Time [QUARTETTE] | Foster | Turn Not Away! | Foster | Village Bells Polka | n/a | Lily Ray | Foster | 1851 | Give the Stranger Happy Cheer | Foster | Melinda May | Foster | Wilt Thou Be Gone, Love? | William Shakespeare | Mother, Thou'rt Faithful to Me | Foster | Sweetly She Sleeps, My Alice Fair | Charles G. Eastman | Farewell! Old Cottage | Foster | Once I Loved Thee, Mary Dear | William Cullen Crookshank | Ring, Ring de Banjo! | Foster | Oh! Boys, Carry Me 'Long | Foster | I Would Not Die in Summer Time | Foster | My Hopes Have Departed Forever | James Gates Percival | Laura Lee | Foster | Ah! My Child! (Music from the aria Ah mon fils in La Prophete by Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1791-1864) | Augustin-Eugene Scribe; Translated by Foster | Old Folks at Home [Swanee River] | Foster | Old Folks at Home Variations | n/a | In the Eye Abides the Heart [In den Augen liegt das Herz] (Music by Franz Wilhelm Abt, 1819-1885, from Op. 54, no. 1; Arranged by Henry Kleber) | Franz von Kobell; Translated by Foster | Willie My Brave | Foster | Eulalie | Henry Sylvester Cornwall | Farewell My Lily Dear | Foster | 1852 | Massa's in de Cold Ground | Foster | The Hour for Thee and Me | Foster | I Cannot Sing To-Night | George F. Banister | Maggie By My Side | Foster | 1853 | My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night! | Foster | Old Folk Quadrilles | n/a | Annie My Own Love | Charles P. Shiras | Holiday Schottisch | n/a | Old Dog Tray | Foster | Old Memories | Foster | Little Ella | Foster | There's a Land of Bliss [see "Old Uncle Ned", 1848] | Foster | from The Shawm [6 Jul 1853] credited only to "S. F." | Soro (L. M.) [page 59] | S. F. | Minot (L. M. Double) [page 63] | S. F. | Stetson (L. M.) [page 65] | S. F. | Mount Pisgah (C. M.) [page 127] | S. F. | 1854 | Old Folks Quadrilles [from Social Orchestra] | n/a | Anadolia [from Social Orchestra] | n/a | Jennie's Own Schottish [from Social Orchestra] | n/a | Irene (melody only) [from Social Orchestra] [see "Linger in Blissful Repose", 1858] | n/a | Village Festival [from Social Orchestra] | n/a | Ellen Bayne | Foster | Willie We Have Missed You | Foster | Jeanie With the Light Brown Hair | Foster | Come With Thy Sweet Voice Again | Foster | Hard Times Come Again No More | Foster | 1855 | Come Where My Love Lies Dreaming | Foster | Some Folks | Foster | Hard Times Come Again No More [arranged for the guitar] | Foster | The Village Maiden | Foster | Comrades Fill No Glass for Me | Foster | 1856 | Gentle Annie | Foster | The White House Chair | Foster | The Great Baby Show, or The Abolition Show [music: air "Villikins & his Dinah"] | Foster | 1857 | Harmony Chant, L. M. (Chant) (from page 98 of The Jubilee) | S. F. [aka? Stephen Collins Foster] | I See Her Still in My Dreams | Foster | Gentle Annie [arranged for guitar accompaniment] | Foster | Mikloth, C. M. Double. (Hymn) (from page 146 of The Jubilee) | S. F. [aka? Stephen Collins Foster] | Pearne, S. M. Double. (Hymn)(from page 185 of The Jubilee) | S. F. [aka? Stephen Collins Foster] | Sabbatus, L. M. (Hymn) (from page 64 of The Jubilee) | S. F. [aka? Stephen Collins Foster] | 1858 | Lula Is Gone | Foster | Linger in Blissful Repose | Foster | Where Has Lula Gone? | Foster | My Loved One and My Own or Eva | Foster | Sadly to Mine Heart Appealing | Eliza Sheridan Carey | My Angel Boy | H. Brougham | 1859 | Linda Has Departed | William Henry McCarthy | Parthenia to Ingomar | William Henry McCarthy | For Thee, Love, for Thee | William Henry McCarthy | Fairy-Belle | Foster | Thou Art the Queen of My Song | Foster | 1860 | None Shall Weep a Tear for Me | Richard Henry Wilde | The Wife, or He'll Come Home | Foster | Poor Drooping Maiden | Foster | Cora Dean | Foster | Under the Willow She's Sleeping | Foster | The Glendy Burk | Foster | Jenny's Coming O'er the Green | Foster | Beautiful Child of Song | Foster | Old Black Joe | Foster | Down Among the Cane-Brakes | Foster | Virginia Belle | Foster | The Little Ballad Girl | Foster | 1861 | Mine Is the Mourning Heart | Foster | Don't Bet Your Money on de Shanghai | Foster | Molly Dear Good Night | Foster | Our Willie Dear Is Dying | Foster | Lizzie Dies To-Night | Mary Rynon Reese | Our Bright, Bright Summer Days Are Gone | Foster | I'll Be a Soldier | Foster | Why Have My Loved Ones Gone? | Foster | Oh! Tell Me of My Mother | Foster | Farewell Mother Dear | Foster | Sweet Little Maid of the Mountain | Foster | Farewell Sweet Mother | Foster | Little Belle Blair | Foster | Nell and I | Foster | A Penny for Your Thoughts! | Foster | A Thousand Miles from Home | Foster | 1862 | Little Jenny Dow | Foster | I Will Be True to Thee | Foster | The Merry, Merry Month of May | Foster | A Dream of My Mother and My Home | Foster | That's What's the Matter | Foster | Better Times (Days) Are Coming | Foster | Slumber My Darling | Foster | Merry Little Birds Are We | Foster | Why No One to Love | Foster | No Home, No Home | Foster | Was My Brother in the Battle? | Foster | We Are Coming Father Abraam, 300,000 More | James Sloane Gibbons | I'll Be Home To-Morrow | Foster | Happy Hours at Home | Foster | Gentle Lena Clare | Foster | We've a Million in the Field | Foster | Beautiful Dreamer | Foster | 1863 | The Love I Bear to Thee | Foster | Bury Me in the Morning, Mother | Foster | Little Ella's an Angel! | Foster | Suffer Little Children Come Unto Me | Foster | Willie's Gone to Heaven | Foster | I'm Nothing But a Plain Old Soldier | Foster | I'd Be a Fairy | Foster | Bring My Brother Back to Me | George Cooper | Oh! There's No Such Girl as Mine | Samuel Lover | Water's Golden Harp for Sunday Schools | | Mrs. O. S. Matteson | | Edward Nevin | | Foster | | Foster | | Joseph Gilmore | | Foster | | Foster | | Foster | | Mrs. Mary Ann Kidder | | Foster | | Mrs. Mary Ann Kidder Arranged by Professor Cull | While [When] the Bowl Goes Round | George Cooper | Jenny June | George Cooper | A Soldier in the Colored Brigade | George Cooper | There Are Plenty of Fish in the Sea | George Cooper | When This Dreadful War Is Ended | George Cooper | Lena Our Loved One Is Gone | George Cooper | Katy Bell | George Cooper | Larry's Good Bye | George Cooper | There Was a Time | James D. Byrne | Willie Has Gone to the War | George Cooper | Kissing in the Dark | George Cooper | For the Dear Old Flag I Die! | George Cooper | The Soldier's Home | George Cooper | My Wife Is a Most Knowing Woman | George Cooper | Oh! Why Am I So Happy? | Francis D. Murtha | Onward and Upward! | George Cooper | We Will Keep a Bright Lookout | George Cooper | The Song of All Songs | John Poole? | The Athenaeum Collection of Tunes for Church and Sunday School | | Charles Dickens? | [music=The Pure, the Bright, the Beautiful (1863)] | Foster | | Foster | | Emily Sullivan Oakey | | Mrs. Mary Ann Kidder | | J. C. | | H. C. | | Foster | | Foster | | Mrs. Mary Ann Kidder | Dearer Than Life! (Meet Me Tonight Dearest) | George Cooper | My Boy Is Coming from the War | George Cooper | 1864 | If You've Only Got a Moustache | George Cooper | Mr. & Mrs. Brown | George Cooper | Wilt Thou Be True? | George Cooper | When Old Friends Were Here | George Cooper | She Was All the World to Me | Dr. Duffy | Sitting by My Own Cabin Door | Foster | Somebody's Coming to See Me Tonight | George Cooper | When Dear Friends Are Gone | Foster | Give This To Mother | S. W. Harding | Tell Me Love of Thy Early Dreams | Foster | All Day Long [doubtful by Foster] | Clara Morton | Little Mac! Little Mac! You're on Your Own [doubtful by Foster] | Mrs. Henrietta Foster Thornton? | 1865 | The Voices That Are Gone | Foster | Our Darling Kate [accomp. by Foster] | John Mahon | 1866 | Sweet Emerald Isle That I Love So Well [melody by Foster] | George Cooper | 1867 | What Does Every Good Child Say? | anonymous | Praise the Lord! | Foster | 1869 | Kiss Me Mother Ere I Die | Foster | Zalmon (L. M.) (by "S. F." from The Victory by William Batchelder Bradbury) | S. F. | Old Black Joe Joseph Johns was born into slavery on a corn and cotton plantation in Fauquier County, Virginia, in 1794. At the age of 49, he fled northward to Pennsylvania, with two other slaves in 1843. They traveled mostly in the darkness of night, crawling on hands and knees, and slept during the day, so they would not be discovered. They had to swim or wade across every lake, river and stream because to use a bridge would be too dangerous. There were many bounty hunters at the time, anxious to capture runaway slaves and return them to the masters for a reward. Eventually he met up with John Fahler who owned the farm that has now become Bashore Scout Reservation near Greenpoint, PA. Mr. Fahler gave him permission to construct a small hut and live on his property in exchange for help on his farm. The hut was constructed of Oak and Birch logs, in an Indian tepee style, with its walls packed with mud and leaves to keep out the weather. It was reported to be twelve feet in diameter and thirteen feet tall. It had a wooden door, but no windows. It was heated by a small woodstove. Nearby were two springs which still flow today. He lived off the land, hunting and fishing. He primarily made his money by working for the local farmers and selling charcoal that he made for the local iron furnaces and railroad. There are approximately twelve charcoal "flats" on the mountainside that are still visible. He lived in solitude up on the mountainside until his death on February 7, 1906. Because no official birth records were kept of slaves, there is a chance that he could have been older than 112 when he died. He remembered the War of 1812 in great detail. In an interview shortly before his death, he recollected, how he, a boy of 10 years old watched George Washington's funeral train pass through the town where he lived. If this were true he would have been about 117 years old at the time of his death. The original site of his hut can still be visited. Over the years since the Fahler Farm became Bashore Scout Reservation, the hut has been rebuilt several times by the Scouts as service projects. During the reconstruction, several artifacts were discovered such as broken pottery and a hand made mule shoe. In 1994 a stone memorial was erected at the entrance of the camp by the Lebanon County Historical Society to preserve the amazing legend of "Old Black Joe". During your stay at Camp Bashore you can learn more details about this local legend, as well as visit the old homestead on top of the mountain. from: http://www.campbashore.org/obj.htm 相信人们会从内心为老黑乔的高寿而高兴,作为奴隶,他没有许多东西,没有象样的住所,可是,他拥有快乐的童年和亲爱的朋友,他拥有至今任何大富人都没有过 的一百一十多岁的高寿。 P.S. _______ 小说《活着》的作者余华偶然的机会听到《老黑奴》决定写下一篇这样的小说,就是这篇《活着》: 《活着》英文版后记 我在1993年中文版的自序里写下这样一段话:“我听到了一首美国民歌《老黑奴》,歌中那位 老黑奴经历了一生的苦难,家人都先他而去,而他依然友好地对待这个世界,没有一句抱怨的话。这首歌深深地打动了我,我决定写下一篇这样的小说,就是这篇 《活着》。” 作家的写作往往是从一个微笑、一个手势、一个转瞬即逝的记忆、一句随便的谈话、一段散落在报 纸夹缝中的消息开始的,这些水珠般微小的细节有时候会勾起漫长的命运和波澜壮阔的场景。《活着》的写作也不例外,一首美国的民歌,寥寥数行的表达,成长了 福贵动荡和苦难的一生,也是平静和快乐的一生。 老黑奴和福贵,这是两个绝然不同的人。他们生活在不同的国家,经历着不同的时代,属于不同的 民族和不同的文化,有着不同的肤色和不同的嗜好,然而有时候他们就像是同一个人。这是因为所有的不同都无法抵挡一个基本的共同之处,人的共同之处。人的体 验和欲望还有想象和理解,会取消所有不同的界限,会让一个人从他人的经历里感受到自己的命运,就像是在不同的镜子里看到的都是自己的形象。我想这就是文学 的神奇,这样的神奇曾经让我,一位遥远的中国读者在纳撒尼尔·霍桑、威廉·福克纳和托妮·莫里森的作品里读到我自己。 余 华 北京,2002年4月26日 |