苏州古典园林溯源于春秋,发展于晋唐,繁荣于两宋,全盛于明清。 清末时城内外有园林170多处,现存50多处。 苏州园林追求“咫尺之内再造乾坤”。通过精巧的布局,将庭院、假山、池塘和植物等融为一体,面积不大却能创造丰富的层次感。 园林中的亭台楼阁、廊桥轩榭无一不是为欣赏自然风光服务的。苏州园林常用“借景”技巧,将远处的景致“引入”园中,比如远山、湖泊等。园内还常以“对景”设计,让每个窗口或门洞框出一幅独特的画面。 这些园林都有文化内涵,园名、匾额、对联、雕饰等融入诗意或哲理,使园林不只是美景,更是文化的展现。 苏州古典园林所蕴涵的中华哲学、历史、人文习俗是江南人文历史传统在世界造园史上具有独特的历史地位和重大的艺术价值。 相比之下,欧洲许多皇家花园,如:法国的凡尔赛宫、奥地利的冷泉宫和彼得堡的夏宫等等,都是一广阔的广场排列着整齐的修剪成几何形状的树木,完全缺乏如此的美感。 因此,苏州园林中不少被列入了世界文化遗产名录。 网师园以小巧精致和布局灵活而闻名,始建于南宋(公元12世纪),清代乾隆年间(18世纪)重建和扩建,更名为“网师园”,寓意渔隐归田之志。园名取自“渔父”之意,体现了一种悠然自得的隐士情怀。师园占地面积约0.6公顷,是苏州古典园林中较小的一座,但利用空间极其巧妙,素有“以少胜多,以简胜繁”的美誉。
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沧浪亭始建于北宋庆历五年(1045年),由诗人苏舜钦建造。名字源于《楚辞·渔父》中一句“沧浪之水清兮,可以濯我缨;沧浪之水浊兮,可以濯我足”,体现隐士情怀。沧浪亭的假山由北宋著名的造园家陈从周设计,堆叠而成,险峻峭拔。沧浪亭也是古代文人墨客的重要聚会场所,明代文徵明、清代王世贞等都曾为沧浪亭题诗。 
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留园建于明代万历年间(公元1593年),由太仆寺少卿徐泰时所建,最初名为“东园”。清代乾隆年间,几经修缮和扩建,改名为“留园”,寓意“留连忘返”。园内有著名的“冠云峰”,是太湖石中的精品,石形奇异。
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拙政园始建于明代正德年间(1506-1521年),由御史王献臣退隐后建造。他以“拙者之政,在于修身齐家”的理想取名“拙政园”。拙政园总面积约5.2公顷,是苏州面积最大的古典园林。园内以水景为中心,辅以亭台楼阁、廊桥小径,呈现出江南园林的诗情画意。 
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狮子林占地面积约1.1公顷,始建于元代至正二年(1342年),由天如禅师为纪念其师中峰和尚而建,是一座佛教禅林园林。狮子林的假山主要由太湖石堆砌而成,峰峦叠嶂、洞壑幽深,宛如迷宫。假山多像狮子,因此得名“狮子林”。后来园林多次易主,至清代乾隆年间,得到大规模修缮,乾隆皇帝多次游园并留下诗文题刻。
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耦园始建于清朝康熙年间,是清代官员陆锦为妻子而修建,距今已有300多年的历史。“耦”意为成双成对,象征夫妻和睦、比翼双飞。耦园分为东西两部分,由一条水巷相隔。东园以精巧的山石假山、花木亭台为主,西园则以水为主题,湖心小亭、廊桥相映成趣。 
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耦园的最大特色之一是其水巷入口,与苏州古城的水乡特色融为一体。游客可以感受到“小桥流水人家”的诗意景象。 
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