研究綜述：回顧過去十年青少年心理健康的家庭和基因組研究

Research Review: A review of the past decade of family and genomic studies on adolescent mental health

——《兒童心理學與精神病學雜誌》2025年第66卷第6期——

<Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry> Volume 66, Issue 6, 2025

    【摘要】背景：心理健康問題和精神病理特徵在青少年時期很常見，且通常始於青少年時期。數十年的雙胞胎研究表明，遺傳因素可解釋青少年精神病理學中約50%的個體差異。近年來，尤其是在基因組學領域的重大進展，使這項研究朝着更具轉化力的方向發展。方法：本綜述概述了過去十年青少年發育遺傳敏感性研究，涵蓋10-24歲青少年的家庭和基因組研究。我們重點關注五個研究主題：(1) 精神病理學的共現或共病，(2) 穩定性與隨時間的變化，(3) 代際傳遞，(4) 基因與環境的相互作用，以及 (5) 心理治療結果。結果：首先，研究表明，青少年時期精神病理學的共現大多可由遺傳因素解釋，遺傳因素對許多特徵具有廣泛的多效性影響。其次，青少年時期精神病理學的穩定性主要由持續的遺傳影響解釋，而變化則由新出現的遺傳和環境影響解釋。第三，當代雙胞胎家庭研究表明，不同的同時發生的遺傳和環境機制可能解釋了精神病理學的代際傳遞，並且不同精神病理學類型之間存在一些差異。第四，遺傳對青少年精神病理學的影響與多種環境因素相關。然而，由於雙胞胎研究和基因組研究的結果不一致，遺傳因素與環境相互作用的程度仍不清楚。最後，一些研究表明遺傳因素可能在心理治療反應中發揮作用，但這些結果尚未得到重複。結論：過去十年，青少年精神病理學的遺傳敏感性研究取得了顯著進展，家庭和雙胞胎研究結果開始在基因組水平上得到重複。然而，文獻中仍然存在重要的空白，我們最後提出了一些仍需解決的研究問題的建議。

    【關鍵詞】青少年；精神病理學；行為遺傳學；基因組學

    [Abstract] Background: Mental health problems and traits capturing psychopathology are common and often begin during adolescence. Decades of twin studies indicate that genetic factors explain around 50% of individual differences in adolescent psychopathology. In recent years, significant advances, particularly in genomics, have moved this work towards more translational findings. Methods: This review provides an overview of the past decade of genetically sensitive studies on adolescent development, covering both family and genomic studies in adolescents aged 10–24years. We focus on five research themes: (1) co-occurrence or comorbidity between psychopathologies, (2) stability and change over time, (3) intergenerational transmission, (4) gene–environment interplay, and (5) psychological treatment outcomes. Results: First, research shows that much of the co-occurrence of psychopathologies in adolescence is explained by genetic factors, with widespread pleiotropic influences on many traits. Second, stability in psychopathology across adolescence is largely explained by persistent genetic influences, whereas change is explained by emerging genetic and environmental influences. Third, contemporary twin-family studies suggest that different co-occurring genetic and environmental mechanisms may account for the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology, with some differences across psychopathologies. Fourth, genetic influences on adolescent psychopathology are correlated with a wide range of environmental exposures. However, the extent to which genetic factors interact with the environment remains unclear, as findings from both twin and genomic studies are inconsistent. Finally, a few studies suggest that genetic factors may play a role in psychological treatment response, but these findings have not yet been replicated. Conclusions: Genetically sensitive research on adolescent psychopathology has progressed significantly in the past decade, with family and twin findings starting to be replicated at the genomic level. However, important gaps remain in the literature, and we conclude by providing suggestions of research questions that still need to be addressed.

    [Key words] Adolescence; psychopathology; behavioural genetics; genomics.

    論文原文：Geneviève Morneau-Vaillancourt, Elisavet Palaiologou, Tinca J.C. Polderman, Thalia C. Eley (2025). Research Review: A review of the past decade of family and genomic studies on adolescent mental health. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Volume 66, Issue 6, Pages 910-927.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14099

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