心理學家認知特質的差異與科學界的分歧有關

Differences in psychologists’ cognitive traits are associated with scientific divides

——《自然/人類行為》2025年第9卷第6期——

<Nature / Human Behaviour> Volume 9, Issue 6, 2025

【摘要】科學研究通常以不同的思想流派為特徵。我們探究這些分歧是否與研究人員認知特質的差異（例如對模糊性的容忍度）相關？這些差異可能導致研究人員偏好不同的問題，以不同的方式處理相同的問題，甚至在以相同的方式研究相同問題時得出不同的結論。我們調查了7973名心理科學研究人員，並探究了他們的研究內容、他們對該領域開放性問題的立場以及他們的認知特質和傾向之間的聯繫。結果表明，研究人員對科學問題的立場與他們的研究內容和認知特質相關。此外，這些關聯在他們的發表歷史中也能體現出來。這些發現支持了這樣一種觀點，即科學領域的分歧反映了研究人員自身的差異，這暗示着某些分歧可能比傳統的數據驅動型科學共識觀點所認為的更難彌合。 

[Abstract] Scientific research is often characterized by schools of thought. We investigate whether these divisions are associated with differences in researchers’ cognitive traits such as tolerance for ambiguity. These differences may guide researchers to prefer different problems, tackle identical problems in different ways, and even reach different conclusions when studying the same problems in the same way. We surveyed 7,973 researchers in psychological sciences and investigated links between what they research, their stances on open questions in the field, and their cognitive traits and dispositions. Our results show that researchers’ stances on scientific questions are associated with what they research and with their cognitive traits. Further, these associations are detectable in their publication histories. These findings support the idea that divisions in scientific fields reflect differences in the researchers themselves, hinting that some divisions may be more difficult to bridge than suggested by a traditional view of data-driven scientific consensus. 

論文原文：Justin Sulik, Nakwon Rim, Elizabeth Pontikes, James Evans & Gary Lupyan (2025). Differences in psychologists’ cognitive traits are associated with scientific divides. Nature / Human Behaviour, Volume 9, Issue 6, Pages 1147–1161. June 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02153-1

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