接触自然环境可减轻自我报告的疼痛：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

Nature exposure reduces self-reported pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

——《自然/心理健康》第4卷第1期，2026年1月——

<Nature/Mental Health> Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2026

【摘要】疼痛是一个全球性的健康问题，对个人、社会和经济都造成了重大影响。鉴于药物治疗存在风险，补充性疼痛管理方法至关重要。接触自然环境已成为一种有前景的非药物治疗策略，但其有效性的证据尚不确定。本系统评价和荟萃分析纳入了来自21个国家的62项研究（96个效应量），共4439名参与者，旨在评估接触自然环境对自我报告疼痛的影响。结果表明，接触自然环境与疼痛显著减轻（标准化均值差为0.53）相关，但研究存在中度至高度的偏倚风险和显著的异质性。与使用非匹配对照组的研究相比，使用匹配对照组的研究报告的效应量大约只有前者的一半，而多感官刺激往往会产生更强的效果。这些发现支持将接触自然环境作为一种有前景的补充性疼痛管理策略。然而，较高的异质性和偏倚风险需要我们谨慎对待，并强调需要开展更严谨的研究。

[Abstract] Pain is a global health issue with substantial individual, societal and economic impacts. Given the risks of pharmacological treatments, complementary approaches to pain management are essential. Nature exposure has emerged as a promising nonpharmacological strategy, but evidence of its effectiveness is inconclusive. Here in this systematic review and meta-analysis we examined 62 studies (96 effects) across 21 countries, including 4,439 participants, to assess the impact of nature exposure on self-reported pain. The results indicate a significant small-to-moderate reduction in pain associated with nature exposure (standardized mean difference of 0.53), but studies exhibited moderate-to-high risk of bias and substantial heterogeneity. Studies evaluating nature against matched comparators reported effects roughly half the size of those using nonmatched controls and multisensory stimuli tended to show stronger effects. These findings support nature as a promising complementary pain management strategy. However, high heterogeneity and risk of bias warrant caution and highlight the need for more rigorous research.

论文原文：Maximilian Oscar Steininger, Jonas Paul Nitschke, Mathew Philip White & Claus Lamm (2026). Nature exposure reduces self-reported pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nature/Mental Health, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages165–180. January 2026.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-025-00569-2

（翻译兼责任编辑：MART）

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