媒体指南对自杀相关报道质量及自杀事件的影响：一项系统综述与荟萃分析 Impact of media guidelines on suicide-related reporting quality and suicides: A systematic review and meta-analysis ——《危机干预与自杀预防杂志》第47卷第3期，2026年6月—— <The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention>, Volume 47, Issue 3, June 2026 【摘要】背景：与自杀相关的媒体报道可能会影响自杀意念和行为。描述自杀方式的报道可能增加自杀发生率（维特效应），而强调如何应对自杀危机的报道则有助于预防自杀（帕帕基诺效应）。目的：评估自杀报道媒体指南对报道质量及自杀发生率的影响。方法：遵循PRISMA指南，我们检索了PubMed、Scopus、Embase、PsycInfo和Web of Science数据库（检索截止日期为2025年2月10日，并于2025年11月17日进行了更新）。纳入的研究包括评估指南发布前后报道质量变化的生态学前后对比研究，以及评估指南发布后自杀发生率变化的时间序列分析。采用随机效应荟萃分析（meta-analysis）估算报道质量的合并风险比（RR）及自杀发生率的发生率比（IRR）。结果：共纳入来自11个国家的15项研究（涵盖2003–2025年），其中14项涉及报道质量，3项涉及自杀发生率，2项同时评估了两者。指南发布后，以下方面的报道质量有所改善：“基于准确信息向公众普及有关自杀及自杀预防的事实”（k = 13, RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30–1.88）、“不描述所使用的自杀方式”（k = 12, RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15–1.53）以及“不过分简化自杀原因或将其归结为单一因素”（k = 10, RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.33）。对于其他建议，合并估算结果总体上支持指南的有效性，但往往精确度较低，且在某些情况下存在显著异质性。由于仅有3项研究评估了对自杀发生率的影响，我们无法就此得出确切结论。轮廓增强漏斗图和Egger检验提示，部分建议可能存在小样本效应。局限性：所有纳入的研究均采用生态学前后对比设计。关于指南实施力度的报告不一致，导致无法分析其影响。结论：媒体指南似乎改善了报道质量的多个方面。尽管关于其对自杀影响的证据有限，但这些指南不太可能造成危害，且可能通过提升报道标准带来益处。亟需开展进一步研究，以量化其对自杀的影响。 【关键词】自杀；荟萃分析；媒体指南；系统评价 [Abstract] Background: Suicide-related media reporting can influence suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Stories describing suicide methods can increase suicides (Werther effect), whereas those highlighting coping with suicidal crises can prevent them (Papageno effect). Aims: To assess the impact of media guidelines for suicide reporting on reporting quality and suicides. Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo, and Web of Science up to February 10, 2025, with an update on November 17, 2025. We included ecological pre–post studies assessing changes in reporting quality and time-series analyses assessing changes in suicides after guideline release. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled risk ratios (RRs) for reporting quality and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for suicides. Results: Fifteen studies from 11 countries (2003–2025) were included (14 on reporting quality, three on suicides, two measuring both). Following guideline release, reporting quality improved for “Do educate the public about the facts of suicide and suicide prevention based on accurate information” (k = 13, RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.30, −1.88), “Don’t describe the method used” (k = 12, RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15, −1.53), and “Don’t oversimplify the reason for a suicide or reduce it to a single factor” (k = 0, RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02, −1.33). For other recommendations, pooled estimates generally favored the guidelines but were often imprecise, and in some cases, had substantial heterogeneity. We could not draw firm conclusions on their impact on suicides as only three studies assessed this outcome. Contour-enhanced funnel plots and Egger’s tests suggested possible small-study effects for some recommendations. Limitations: All included studies included ecological before-and-after designs. Implementation strength was inconsistently reported, preventing analysis of its influence. Conclusions: Media guidelines appear to improve several aspects of reporting quality. Although evidence for impact on suicides is limited, guidelines are unlikely to cause any harm and may confer benefits through improved reporting standards. Further research is urgently needed to quantify their impact on suicides. [Key words] suicide; meta-analysis; media guidelines; systematic review 论文原文：Scotti Requena, Simone Arya, Vikas Niederkrotenthaler, et al. (2026). Impact of media guidelines on suicide-related reporting quality and suicides: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, Volume 47, Issue 3, Pages 188–200. June 2026. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a001049 （翻译兼责任编辑：MARY） （需要英文原文的朋友，请联系微信：millerdeng95或iacmsp）
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