特質自我控制與健康行為：一項元分析及中介模型的檢驗 Trait Self-Control and Health Behavior: Meta-Analysis and Test of a Mediational Model ——《健康心理學》第45卷第7期，2026年7月—— <Health Psychology>, Volume 45, Issue 7, July 2026 【摘要】目的：大量證據表明特質自我控制與健康行為之間存在穩定的關聯，但鮮有研究探討其潛在機制。本研究利用現有研究的元分析綜合數據，檢驗了一個中介模型，該模型探討了特質自我控制通過社會認知理論構念及行為意向（作為潛在機制）對健康行為產生間接影響的路徑。此外，本研究還考察了調節變量對模型效應的影響，包括行為控制過程（衝動性與反思性）、行為類型、特質自我控制與行為的測量類型以及測量時間間隔。方法：通過系統性的數據庫檢索，篩選出報告特質自我控制、社會認知構念（態度、主觀規範和知覺行為控制）、行為意向與健康行為之間關係的研究。利用多層元分析結構方程模型，將本研究提出的模型與上述變量的合併相關矩陣進行擬合。結果：研究結果支持了模型預測，證實了特質自我控制通過態度、知覺行為控制和行為意向對健康行為產生間接影響，同時也存在剩餘直接效應，表明這是一種部分中介關係。調節效應分析顯示，與受反思性過程控制的行為相比，受衝動性過程控制的行為在特質自我控制與健康行為之間的直接和間接效應更為顯著。針對行為類型、行為及自我控制測量類型以及測量時間間隔等調節變量的分析，未發現模型效應存在系統性差異。結論：研究結果為該模型提供了初步支持，揭示了特質自我控制與健康行為之間關係的潛在機制，並提供了未來研究中預期的效應量及變異性估計值。衝動相關行為是放大特質自我控制與行為之間效應的關鍵調節因素。 【關鍵詞】自我調節；特質自我控制；健康行為決定因素；健康行為理論；社會認知理論 [Abstract] Objective: Pervasive evidence supports consistent associations between trait self-control and health behavior, yet few studies have tested the underlying mechanisms. We leveraged meta-analytically synthesized data from the extant research to test a mediational model specifying indirect effects of trait self-control on health behavior mediated by social cognition theory constructs and intention as a candidate mechanism. We also tested the effects of moderators on model effects: behavior control process (impulsive vs. reflective), behavior type, trait self-control and behavior measure type, and measurement lag. Method: Studies reporting relations among trait self-control, social cognition constructs (attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control), intention, and health behavior were identified in a systematic database search. Our proposed model was fit to the pooled correlation matrix among these variables using multilevel meta-analytic structural equation modeling. Results: Findings supported model predictions including indirect effects of trait self-control on health behavior directed through attitude, perceived behavioral control, and intentions, and a residual direct effect indicating partial mediation. Moderator analysis revealed larger direct and indirect trait self-control-health behavior effects in studies targeting behaviors under impulsive process control relative to those under reflective control. Analyses of behavior type, behavior and self-control measure type, and measurement lag moderators did not reveal systematic variation in model effects. Conclusion: Findings provide preliminary support for the model signaling a candidate mechanism for trait self-control-health behavior relations and providing prior effect size and variability estimates that could be expected in future studies. Impulse-related behaviors represent a key moderating condition that magnifies trait self-control-behavior effects. [Key words] self-regulation; trait self-control; health behavior determinants; health behavior theory; social cognition theory 論文原文：Hagger, Martin S. Sas, Sabryna V. Balla, et al. (2026). Trait self-control and health behavior: Meta-analysis and test of a mediational model. Health Psychology, Volume 45, Issue 7, Pages 713–735. July 2026. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001588 （翻譯兼責任編輯：MARY） （需要英文原文的朋友，請聯繫微信：millerdeng95或iacmsp）
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