In Indo-European languages, to make a verb past tense, they add ' d ' in English, " t " in German, "l " in Russian at the end of the verb. 

In Chinese, they add '的 de ”  at the end of the verb. 

e.g., 誰說的？Shui shuo de?  Who said it? ( "的" de like " d " in English )

      我吃了。Wo chi le.  I ate. ( " 了" le  like  " l ' in Russian )

Also, past participle is used for passive voice.  

e.g., 冰箱裡有吃的，還有喝的。( chī (eat ) de,  hē ( drink ) de means something to be eaten and drunk ).

Like ' beloved ' means a person who is loved.

In German, past participle is formed like below:

 ge +   verb  +  t ( like 'l ' in Russian )

'ge ' is reflected in Chinese as "過" (guo) 。

e.g., 我講過。Wo jiang guo.  I have said it.  Or  我講過的 Wo jiang guo de。（ 過 guo, or guo de  = have done )

Past participle is also used for passive voice. In this case, "ge " is reflected in Chinese as 給 (gei):

別把這事  給 （ like "ge" in German ) 忘 ( verb ) 了  ( like 'l ' in Russian )  。 Bié bǎ zhè shì gěi wàng le.  Don't forget about it.

If you say 給 (gěi)  in Wuhanese, it is exactly like 'ge ' in German.

However, there are subtle differences in meanings when applying the above patterns.

e.g.:

1) 我去過加拿大。I have been to Canada. I have some knowledge and experiences about it.

Wo qu guo Jianada.

2) 他去加拿大了。   He is not here right now. He is in Canada.

Ta qu Jianada le.

3) 他去的加拿大。 It is Canada he went to, not U.S.

Ta qu de Jianada.

4) 我去過加拿大的。 Don't try to cheat me. I have been to Canada. I know how it is.

Wo qu guo Jianada de.

5) 加拿大我給去了三次。 I went to Canada three times.

Jianada wo gei qu le san ci.