850岁的巴黎圣母院在烈火中哭泣,牵动了世人的心 从巴黎的友人发来的信息来看,即使有人力物力去修复,可能要20年以后!
“巴黎圣母院主体结构保住了,包括双塔。但后面针烧掉,三分之二屋顶塌掉。仍然有火,但不会蔓延。完全修复可能是20年以后。好在法国这些工匠都有,也是世界上有好口碑的。” by 巴黎友人
From 塔尖的顾爷
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李教授讲建筑~巴黎圣母院 2017.11.29老嘎
巴黎圣母院大教堂是一座位于法国巴黎市中心、西堤岛上的教堂建筑,也是天主教巴黎总教区的主教座堂。
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圣母院约建造于1163年到1250年间
这是当时的图纸
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属哥特式建筑形式
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是法兰西岛地区的哥特式教堂群里面,非常具有关键代表意义的一座
巴黎圣母院是一座哥特式风格基督教教堂,是古老巴黎的象征
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它矗立在塞纳河畔,位于整个巴黎城的中心。
其地位、历史价值无与伦比,是历史上最为辉煌的建筑之一。
被誉为“由巨大石头组成的交响乐”
教堂正面的一对钟塔直插云霄
这里是举行重大典礼的地方
如宣读“二战”胜利美诗,举办戴高乐总统的葬礼等
该教堂以其哥特式的建筑风格,祭坛、回廊、门窗等处的雕刻和绘画艺术,以及堂内所藏的13~17世纪的大量艺术珍品而闻名于世
虽然这是一幢宗教建筑,但它闪烁着法国人民的智慧
它建造全部采用石材,其特点是高耸挺拔,辉煌壮丽,整个建筑庄严和谐
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雨果在《巴黎圣母院》比喻它为"石头的交响乐"。站在塞纳河畔,远眺高高矗立的圣母院,巨大的门四周布满了雕像,一层接着一层,石像越往里层越小。所有的柱子都挺拔修长,与上部尖尖的拱券连成一气。
这是在教堂内的模型,后世的许多基督教堂都模仿了它的样子。
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大厅内可容纳9000人
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圣母院平面呈横翼较短的十字形, 坐东朝西,正面风格独特,结构严谨,看上去十分雄伟庄严。
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在教堂的平面上,承袭自老教堂的基本格局,圣母院被设计成有五个纵舱(Nave)的规划,包括一个中舱与两侧各两个的翼舱。
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巴黎圣母院的内部并排着两列长柱子,柱子高达24米,直通屋顶。
两列柱子距离不到16米,而屋顶却高35米,
从而形成狭窄而高耸的空间,给人以向天国靠近的幻觉
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主殿四周,连拱廊上方是一带双层窗户的走廊,在它之上是大窗子,透过这些窗子,一束束阳光宁静地射进堂内。
于主殿翼部相连的侧殿位置上,是几座充满了17至18世纪艺术作品的礼拜堂。
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教堂内部极为朴素,严谨肃穆,几乎没有什么装饰。进入教堂的内部,无数的垂直线条引人仰望,数十米高的拱顶在幽暗的光线下隐隐约约,闪闪烁烁,加上宗教的遐想,似乎上面就是天堂。于是,教堂就成'与上帝对话'的地方。它是欧洲建筑史上一个划时代的标志。
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主殿翼部的两端都有玫瑰花状的大圆窗,上面满是13世纪时制作的富丽堂皇的彩绘玻璃书
北边那根圆柱上是著名的"巴黎圣母"像。这尊像造于14世纪,先是安放在圣埃娘礼拜堂,后来才被搬到这里。
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南侧玫瑰花形圆窗,这扇巨型窗户建于13世纪,但在18世纪时作过修复,上面刻画了耶稣基督在童贞女的簇拥下行祝福礼的情形。
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其色彩之绚烂、玻璃镶嵌之细密,给人一种似乎一颗灿烂星星在闪烁的印象,它把五彩斑斓的光线射向室内的每一个角落
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色彩斑斓的玫瑰窗用彩色玻璃讲述着一个个圣经的故事
法国著名作家维克多·雨果曾在他的小说《巴黎圣母院》中对圣母院作过最充满诗意的描绘。这本小说写成于法国文学史上的浪漫主义时代。1831 年书出版后,引起很大的回响,
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"长廊"上面第二层两侧为两个巨大的石质中棂窗子(直径10米),中间是彩色玻璃窗。装饰中又以彩色玻璃窗的设计最吸引人
巨大的门四周布满了雕像,一层接着一层,石像越往里层越小
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巴黎圣母院的主立面是世界上哥特式建筑中最美妙、最和谐的,水平与竖直的比例近乎黄金比1:0.618,立柱和装饰带把立面分为9块小的黄金比矩形,十分和谐匀称
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排水口也用各种石兽精雕而成
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巴黎圣母院之所以闻名于世,主要是因为它是欧洲建筑史上一个划时代的标志
看看历史画卷中当时建造时的情形
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地下室,从巴黎圣母院前面一个不惹眼的楼梯就可以进入
这个地下考古墓室收集了从罗马时代开始的这个城市的遗迹如果下到地下墓室,你永远都不会觉得自己是在世界上最繁华的城市之一的中心。
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