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毕业生赚钱最多的那些大学 ——一定与你的想象大不同！
Flex王老师/ Oct 9
本文结论:文理学院、精英军事院校本科毕业生收入超过哈佛和斯坦福？是的，哈维穆德学院是本科毕业生收入最高的学校；文理学院、私立大学和精英军事院校均是高收入本科毕业生的摇篮；同样的学校，本科和研究生教育相对收益大不同？有的是的，比如加大伯克利，本科生大大低于研究生的相对收入！高收入总是和STEM挂钩，但文科生也可以有不菲的收入！
当我们孩子选择大学的时候，除了挑战自己的智力，获得特殊的生活经验，成为自己理想的人才之外，将来好不好找到工作，薪资怎样一定是非常重要的考量！本文基于薪酬比较网站PayScale的最新大学薪酬报告，正是给了您需要的信息：以校友工资中位数为指标对大学进行另类排名！如果你想通过本科毕业后能赚多少钱作为选择大学的标准，或者你评估付大学学费是否值得的时候，这个数据就尤为重要了！
表1是本科4年毕业后的薪资收入大学排名，总体来说，上顶级大学是值得的！全国最好学校的毕业生在职业生涯的中期都有超过6位数的收入！可以说，一般来讲，上大学比不上大学强，上好大学比上差大学强。
鉴于大学学费的显著上升，工资上涨依然有限的现状，仔细比较这些大学的收益-成本就更加重要了！ 收入第1名是哈维穆德学院(Harvey Mudd College)，职业生涯早期，即毕业后0-5年的时间，校友工资中位数就可以达到8.56万！这一定与你的直觉相悖：第一名不是哈佛和斯坦福之类学校，而是一所文理学院LAC！是的，这所文理学院的目标就是在于培养STEM领域的精英，从这里进入STEM前10项目的学生超过MIT、斯坦福和其他顶级大学！
紧接着哈维密德学院的3个本科高收入大学是麻省理工学院（MIT）、美国海军学院（United States Naval Academy）和斯坦福（STANDFORD ）大学， 职业中期收入，也就是工作10年以上的校友收入，中位数分别为150,400、149,800和143,100美元，加州理工与斯坦福并列。另外，本科前10高收入的学校有：奥巴尼药学与健康科学学院（Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences）、哈佛大学（Harvard University）、美国军事学院（United States Military Academ）、普林斯顿大学（Princeton University）、圣尼海事学院（SUNY Maritime College)，其他前25位高收入毕业生大学见表1。纵览表1，我们可以看到，文理学院、私立大学和精英军事院校均是高收入本科毕业生的摇篮。
这些高收入的学校毕业生，其收入趋势如何呢？也就是这些本科高收入的校友在各个阶段收入具有可持续性吗？我们根据职业早期和职业中期的中位数收入的差异做推断。在前25所本科毕业生高收入学校中，小的学校相对变动比较大，Williams College和Colgate University这两个文理学院早期职业收入水平就比较高，而到了职业生涯中期，收入增加更高，而Franklin W Olin College of Engineering、United States Merchant Marine Academy和California Institute of Technology是前25位本科生高收入大学中职业生涯中期成长最少的3个学校。
表1：本科毕业收入TOP10的院校
Rank | School Name | 学校类型 | 工作早期（early career)收入 | 工作中期（Mid-Career )收入 | 更大意义学生比重（ | STEM占比（%） | 1 | Harvey Mudd College | Engineering, Liberal Arts School, Private School | $85,600 | $157,400 | 56% | 85% | 2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Engineering, Private School, Research University | $83,600 | $150,400 | 53% | 69% | 3 | United States Naval Academy | Engineering, Liberal Arts School, Sober School, For Sports Fans, State School | $78,600 | $149,800 | 65% | 58% | 4 | Stanford University | Engineering, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $76,500 | $143,100 | 57% | 51% | 4 | California Institute of Technology | Engineering, Private School, Research University | $83,400 | $143,100 | 54% | 96% | 6 | Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences | Private School | $80,200 | $142,600 | 83% | 2% | 6 | Harvard University | Ivy League, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $72,600 | $142,600 | 55% | 19% | 8 | United States Military Academy | Liberal Arts School, Sober School, For Sports Fans, State School | $79,300 | $141,900 | 63% | 39% | 9 | Princeton University | Ivy League, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $72,700 | $141,300 | 47% | 45% | 10 | SUNY Maritime College | State School | $73,300 | $140,100 | 55% | 32% | 11 | Colorado School of Mines | Engineering, Research University, State School | $74,100 | $139,300 | 60% | 93% | 12 | Babson College | Business, Private School | $69,300 | $139,200 | 35% | 0% | 13 | Santa Clara University | Private School, Religious, For Sports Fans | $66,800 | $139,100 | 44% | 29% | 14 | Stevens Institute of Technology | Engineering, Private School, Research University | $73,600 | $138,900 | 50% | 79% | 15 | Dartmouth College | Ivy League, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $68,900 | $137,500 | 44% | 35% | 16 | Colgate University | Liberal Arts School, Party School, Private School, For Sports Fans | $65,000 | $137,300 | 38% | 26% | 16 | United States Air Force Academy | Liberal Arts School, Sober School, For Sports Fans, State School | $74,000 | $137,300 | 69% | 43% | 18 | United States Merchant Marine Academy | Engineering, State School | $80,800 | $136,600 | 64% | 56% | 19 | University of Pennsylvania | Ivy League, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $70,100 | $135,800 | 42% | 21% | 20 | Lehigh University | Engineering, Party School, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $67,200 | $135,700 | 45% | 52% | 21 | Williams College | Liberal Arts School, Private School | $64,000 | $135,500 | 48% | 32% | 22 | Yale University | Ivy League, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $68,300 | $135,400 | 54% | 20% | 23 | Webb Institute | Engineering, Private School | $79,100 | $134,700 | N/A | 100% | 24 | Franklin W Olin College of Engineering | Engineering, Private School | $81,900 | $134,200 | N/A | 100% | 25 | Rice University | Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $69,200 | $133,600 | 49% | 43% |
资料来源：https://www.payscale.com/college-salary-report/bachelors 数据方法：PayScale 进行薪酬调查（PayScale Salary Survey）获得数据，样本达数百万校友，工作早期（early career)指0-5年工作经验，工作中期（Mid-Career )指10年以上工作经验，更大意义（ High Meaning）指受访校友认为自己的工作让世界变得更好。
上面分析的是本科生收入情况，那么研究生呢？我们从综合的校友收入数据去掉本科的信息进行推断。所有的校友（本科+研究生）各个阶段的薪酬数据列于表2，从中我们可以看出，总体上说，收入排名的大趋势并没有改变多少，就是本科毕业收入高的学校，总体来说该学校毕业生收入的排名都不错。
但情况总有例外，有4个本科生收入前25榜上的大学在总体校友收入前25学校中缺失了，它们是：Colgate University、Lehigh University、Webb Institute和Rice University；可以推断，这些文理学院或私立大学在培养本科生方面相对更有优势。另外，Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences和Colorado School of Mines也显示出本科生培养方面收益相对更高。
另一方面，不在本科生高收入25榜上的大学却出现在总体校友收入前25位上，他们是Duke University、Webb Institute、University of California-Berkeley、Georgetown University，他们除了加大伯克利，后面的就是私校了！这说明这些大学在研究生阶段的学生培养上许多更有效率！而Dartmouth College、Stanford University和University of Pennsylvania的消毒收入排名差也许是其研究生培养相对更有优势。
表2：校友毕业收入TOP25的院校
Rank | School Name | 学校类型 | 工作早期（early career)收入 | 工作中期（Mid-Career )收入 | 更大意义比重（ High Meaning，%） | STEM占比（%） | 1 | Stanford University | Engineering, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $80,900 | $156,700 | 62% | 51% | 2 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Engineering, Private School, Research University | $86,800 | $156,500 | 57% | 69% | 3 | Harvey Mudd College | Engineering, Liberal Arts School, Private School | $88,000 | $154,700 | 55% | 85% | 4 | United States Naval Academy | Engineering, Liberal Arts School, Sober School, For Sports Fans, State School | $83,500 | $154,100 | 68% | 58% | 5 | Harvard University | Ivy League, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $75,300 | $151,600 | 56% | 19% | 6 | United States Military Academy | Liberal Arts School, Sober School, For Sports Fans, State School | $83,500 | $151,200 | 65% | 39% | 7 | California Institute of Technology | Engineering, Private School, Research University | $87,300 | $150,800 | 54% | 96% | 8 | SUNY Maritime College | State School | $74,800 | $150,400 | 57% | 32% | 9 | Princeton University | Ivy League, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $74,500 | $147,800 | 53% | 45% | 10 | Dartmouth College | Ivy League, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $70,800 | $147,500 | 49% | 35% | 11 | Yale University | Ivy League, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $72,300 | $146,300 | 59% | 20% | 12 | Babson College | Business, Private School | $70,000 | $145,500 | 35% | 0% | 13 | University of Pennsylvania | Ivy League, Private School, Research University, For Sports Fans | $72,900 | $145,200 | 46% | 21% | 14 | Santa Clara University | Private School, Religious, For Sports Fans | $68,300 | $143,100 | 46% | 29% | 15 | Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences | Private School | $79,000 | $143,000 | 82% | 2% | 16 | United States Air Force Academy | Liberal Arts School, Sober School, For Sports Fans, State School | $76,000 | $142,900 | 73% | 43% | 17 | Duke University | Private School, Religious, Research University, For Sports Fans | $71,200 | $142,800 | 54% | 26% | 18 | Stevens Institute of Technology | Engineering, Private School, Research University | $74,900 | $142,400 | 49% | 79% | 19 | Webb Institute | Engineering, Private School | $79,700 | $141,900 | 53% | 100% | 20 | Franklin W Olin College of Engineering | Engineering, Private School | $84,800 | $141,500 | 51% | 100% | 21 | United States Merchant Marine Academy | Engineering, State School | $81,400 | $141,300 | 65% | 56% | 22 | Colorado School of Mines | Engineering, Research University, State School | $74,700 | $141,100 | 60% | 93% | 23 | Williams College | Liberal Arts School, Private School | $66,700 | $140,900 | 52% | 32% | 24 | University of California-Berkeley | Research University, For Sports Fans, State School | $69,900 | $140,100 | 51% | 36% | 25 | Georgetown University | Private School, Religious, Research University, For Sports Fans | $65,700 | $140,000 | 46% | 14% |
资料来源：https://www.payscale.com/college-salary-report；解释同表1.
从上面两个表综合我们可以看出，美国收入最高的学校不是哈佛或普林斯顿等著名的常春藤高校，而是就读于工程专业很强（STEM）的小学校，如哈维密德学院。如果我们关注早期的职业收入，就本科生来说，精英军事院校的毕业生收入往往是很高的，西点军校、美国军事学院和安纳波利斯的海军学院都是高收入者的摇篮，毕业生军事训练的背景可能会增加雇主的价值。
我们可以看到：1、那些拥有最高收入的大学几乎都有一个共同点——它们培养出许多STEM领域的工程师和其他专业人员，MIT、斯坦福和CAL Tech等等，我们几乎算出STEM的比重与收入的高度正相关，但情况不完全如此：2、文科学校的学生也可以挣不菲的收入！如华盛顿和李大学（Washington and Lee University）、高露洁大学（Colgate University）、卡尔顿学院（ Carleton College）和威廉姆斯学院（Williams Institute）等多为古典主义风格的文理学院也培养出了高收入的毕业生，哈维穆德也属于技术上的文科学校。获得文科学位可能意味着他们要花更长的时间才可以在职业生涯中安顿下来，但是他们全面的知识结构、深入的分析技能以及清晰的沟通能力都能够帮助他们建立成功的事业。
从学校的属性上看，公立学校、私立学校和文理学院都能培养出高收入的校友，所有的军事院校都培养出高收入的毕业生！如SUNY海事学院或西点军校，如加利福尼亚大学-伯克利分校，如乔治亚理工学院或乔治差大学，他们甚至击败常春藤盟校，成为职场的佼佼者。
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