Peter McCullough 质疑疫苗 被打压
彼得·安德鲁·麦卡洛 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_A._McCullough 1962年12月29日（62岁），美国纽约州布法罗
贝勒大学（理学学士），德克萨斯大学西南医学中心（医学博士）及密歇根大学（公共卫生硕士）
学科：医学，心脏病学分支学科，内科 彼得·安德鲁·麦卡洛（生于1962年12月29日）是一位美国前心脏病专家。他曾任贝勒大学医学中心内科副主任和德克萨斯A&M大学教授。自新冠疫情爆发以来，麦卡洛就一直在散布有关新冠疫情、其治疗方法以及mRNA疫苗的错误信息和阴谋论。
2022年10月，美国内科医学委员会 (ABIM) 建议撤销麦卡洛的委员会认证，原因是他宣传有关新冠疫苗的错误信息[7][8]。到2025年1月，ABIM已撤销了他的两项认证[9][10]。 早年生活和教育
彼得·安德鲁·麦卡洛于1962年12月29日出生于纽约州布法罗。他于1984年获得贝勒大学理学学士学位，并于1988年获得德克萨斯大学西南医学中心医学博士(MD)学位。他在西雅图华盛顿大学完成了内科住院医师培训，并于1991年获得心脏病学专科培训。之后，他在密歇根州格雷林从事了两年的内科工作，之后进入密歇根大学公共卫生学院学习，并于1994年获得公共卫生硕士（MPH）学位。 职业生涯
获得公共卫生硕士学位后，麦卡洛在底特律大都会区威廉·博蒙特医院担任心血管专科研究员，直至1997年。之后，他在底特律亨利·福特心血管研究所工作至2000年，并担任密苏里大学堪萨斯城医学院心脏病科主任。之后，他于2002年至2010年回到威廉·博蒙特医院工作。随后四年，他担任底特律圣约翰普罗维登斯医疗系统的首席学术和科学官，之后于2014年加入贝勒大学医学中心。 2021年2月，麦卡洛与贝勒斯科特和怀特医疗中心签署了一份保密离职协议。7月，贝勒大学因麦卡洛散布有关新冠肺炎的虚假信息而起诉麦卡洛，以阻止他谎称与贝勒医疗有任何关联。2023年1月17日，德克萨斯州达拉斯县第191司法地区法院驳回了此案。虽然具体细节尚未披露，但据《德克萨斯人报》报道，“通常在达成和解协议后，才会主动撤销有偏见的诉讼请求。” 麦卡洛是美国心肾学会（现已解散）的创始人之一，并于2021年担任会长。该学会的期刊《心肾医学》（Cardiorenal Medicine）也担任联合主编，同时还是《心血管医学评论》（Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine）的编辑。他开展了多项关于跑步与心脏病的研究，并共同描述了“菲迪皮德斯心肌病”（Phidippides cardiomyopathy），这是一种在一些高耐力运动员中发现的心脏病。 麦卡洛的其他研究项目包括心脏病与肾脏疾病之间的关系以及心脏病的风险因素。他是保守派倡导组织美国医师和外科医生协会的成员，并宣扬该组织所倡导的阴谋论。 COVID-19
在 COVID-19 疫情期间，麦卡洛倡导使用信誉不佳的羟氯喹和伊维菌素进行早期治疗，批评了美国国立卫生研究院和美国食品药品监督管理局的应对措施，不同意公共卫生建议，并助长了 COVID-19 的错误信息传播。 羟氯喹的早期倡导
2020 年 4 月，麦卡洛领导了贝勒斯科特和怀特医疗中心一项关于羟氯喹治疗 COVID-19 的研究。麦卡洛告诉《华尔街日报》，公共卫生危机的紧迫性使得在医学研究的最佳实践上做出妥协是合理的。7月，在主要研究发现羟氯喹对新冠肺炎无效，且美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）撤销了其紧急使用授权（EUA）后，麦卡洛支持第二次EUA。 2020年8月，麦卡洛与耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的哈维·里施及其合著者在《美国医学杂志》上发表了一项观察性研究，提出了一种新冠肺炎的早期门诊治疗方案。[38] 基于先前的证据，该文章对治疗门诊新冠肺炎患者提出了建议，但未提供任何新证据。该文章在社交媒体上被分享，主要由此前发布过新冠肺炎虚假信息的团体发布，这些团体错误地将该文章解读为…… 该期刊官方认可羟氯喹可作为新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 的治疗方法。巴西卫生部在其网站上认可了这篇文章，导致巴西出现了严重的新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 错误信息问题。 这篇文章在致编辑的信中受到了批评；编辑们回应说，文章中包含一些“充满希望的推测……去年夏天基于实验室实验看似合理的推测后来被证明是不真实的”。 麦卡洛和里施是委员会主席罗恩·约翰逊参议员传唤的三名证人中的两位，他们被要求在2020年11月举行的美国参议院国土安全和政府事务委员会关于新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 治疗的听证会上作证。麦卡洛作证支持保持社交距离、接种疫苗以及包括羟氯喹在内的有争议的治疗方法。布朗大学公共卫生学院院长阿希什·贾（Ashish Jha）应资深成员的传唤出庭作证，他表示，“基于压倒性的证据，医学界和科学界的明确共识”是羟氯喹对治疗新冠肺炎无效。麦卡洛表示，贾正在传播错误信息，贾对该药物的反对“对国家来说是鲁莽且危险的”。贾在《纽约时报》的评论版上回应道：“通过举证那些看似聪明却支持毫无根据的疗法的证人，我们冒着危及一个世纪以来医学进步的风险。” 新冠肺炎错误信息
麦卡洛的一些公开声明助长了新冠肺炎错误信息的传播。 2021年3月，麦卡洛在德克萨斯州参议院一个委员会作证时，视频被边缘组织美国医师和外科医生协会发布到YouTube上。视频中，他对新冠肺炎和新冠肺炎疫苗做出了虚假陈述，包括声称50岁以下人群和幸存者不需要接种疫苗，以及没有证据表明新冠肺炎会无症状传播。 2021年4月，麦卡洛接受了右翼组织约翰·伯奇协会旗下杂志《新美国人》的采访，该采访发布在加拿大在线视频分享平台Rumble上。在采访中，他传播了反疫苗接种的言论，包括谎称新冠肺炎疫苗造成了大量死亡。2021年5月，麦卡洛在一次采访中声称，新冠肺炎和新冠肺炎疫苗“不准确、具有误导性和/或缺乏证据支持”，包括声称幸存者不会再次感染，因此无需接种疫苗，以及疫苗具有危险性。
在电视节目中，麦卡洛与公共卫生建议相悖，例如，当被问及新冠肺炎在儿童中迅速传播时，他暗示30岁以下的健康人无需接种疫苗；当被问及疫苗诱导免疫与“自然”（幸存者）免疫的相对优劣时，他质疑接种疫苗以实现群体免疫的必要性。 2021年12月，麦卡洛出现在《乔·罗根体验》（Joe Rogan Experience）节目中，宣传已被揭穿的阴谋论和错误信息（例如，新冠疫情是有人策划的、刺突蛋白会导致细胞死亡、医疗当局正密谋非法抑制羟氯喹和伊维菌素）。 自2022年6月佛罗里达州膳食补充剂和远程医疗公司The Wellness Company成立以来，麦卡洛一直担任该公司的首席科学官。[57][58] 2022年10月，美国内科医学委员会（ABIM）建议撤销麦卡洛的委员会认证，原因是他宣传有关新冠疫苗的错误信息。[7][8] 到2025年1月，ABIM又撤销了他的心血管疾病和内科医学认证。[9][10] 他是2023年一篇综述的合著者，该综述题为《新冠疫苗接种后死亡尸检结果的系统评价》，现已被撤回。[59][60][7][61] 部分出版物
McCullough, Peter A.；Ronco, Claudio 编 (2020)。《心肾医学教科书》。伦敦：Springer Nature。ISBN 978-3-030-57459-8。
Rangaswami, Janani；Lerma, Edgar V.；McCullough, Peter A. 编 (2020)。《心导管实验室中的肾脏疾病：一种实用方法》。伦敦：Springer Nature。ISBN 978-3-030-45413-5。
Leake, John；McCullough, Peter A.；Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (2022)。直面新冠疫情的勇气：在对抗生物制药综合体的同时预防住院和死亡。Skyhorse出版社。ISBN 9781510776807。
COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗：从注册试验和全球疫苗接种运动中汲取的经验教训 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10810638/ M Nathaniel Mead 1,✉, Stephanie Seneff 2, Russ Wolfinger 3, Jessica Rose 4, Kris Denhaerynck 5, Steve Kirsch 6, Peter A McCullough 7,8 此文章已被撤回。参见 Cureus。2024 年 2 月 26 日；16(2):r137。 摘要 自首批疫苗推出以来，我们对 COVID-19 疫苗及其对健康和死亡率影响的理解已发生重大变化。最初随机 3 期试验的已发表报告得出结论，COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗可以显著减轻 COVID-19 症状。在此期间，这些关键试验的方法、执行和报告方面的问题也逐渐显现。对辉瑞试验数据的重新分析发现，疫苗组的严重不良事件 (SAE) 显著增加。 紧急使用授权 (EUA) 后发现了许多 SAE，包括死亡、癌症、心脏事件以及各种自身免疫、血液、生殖和神经系统疾病。此外，这些产品从未按照先前制定的科学标准进行充分的安全性和毒理学测试。本叙述性综述讨论的其他主要主题包括已发表的关于严重人体危害的分析、质量控制问题和工艺相关杂质、不良事件 (AE) 的潜在机制、疫苗无效的免疫学基础以及基于注册试验数据的死亡率趋势。迄今为止的证据证实的风险-收益不平衡表明，进一步加强注射是禁忌的，并建议至少在进行适当的安全性和毒理学研究之前，应将 mRNA 注射从儿童免疫接种计划中移除。联邦机构批准COVID-19 mRNA疫苗进行全民覆盖，这缺乏对所有相关注册数据的诚实评估，也缺乏对风险与收益的相应考量。鉴于广泛且有据可查的严重不良事件（SAE）以及令人无法接受的高伤害回报比，我们敦促各国政府批准全球暂停使用经修饰的mRNA产品，直至所有与因果关系、残留DNA和异常蛋白生成相关的问题得到解答。 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA 疫苗的先天免疫抑制：G-四链体、外泌体和微小RNA的作用 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027869152200206X 致编辑的信：“SARS-CoV-2 mRNA 疫苗的先天免疫抑制：G-四链体、外泌体和微小RNA的作用”：关于本文有效性的重要担忧 《食品与化学毒理学》，第178卷，2023年8月，第113897页
Jérôme Barrière、Fabrice Frank、Lonni Besancon、Alexander Samuel、Véronique Saada、Eric Billy、Abraham Al-Ahmad、Nans Florens、Barbara Seitz-Polski、Jacques Robert
亮点
mRNA 疫苗促进 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白的持续合成蛋白。 刺突蛋白具有神经毒性，它会损害DNA修复机制。 抑制I型干扰素反应会导致先天免疫受损。 mRNA疫苗可能会增加感染性疾病和癌症的风险。 密码子优化会导致富含G的mRNA，其具有不可预测的复杂效应。
摘要
mRNA SARS-CoV-2疫苗是为了应对新冠肺炎（Covid-19）的公共卫生危机而推向市场的。mRNA疫苗在感染性疾病领域的应用史无前例。疫苗mRNA的诸多改变使其躲避细胞防御，并延长了生物半衰期并提高了刺突蛋白的产量。然而，对疫苗的免疫反应与对SARS-CoV-2感染的免疫反应截然不同。 本文提出证据表明，疫苗接种会严重损害I型干扰素信号传导，这会对人类健康产生多种不利后果。吸收了疫苗纳米颗粒的免疫细胞会释放大量含有刺突蛋白的外泌体以及关键的microRNA，这些microRNA会在远处的受体细胞中诱导信号传导反应。我们还发现，在蛋白质合成和癌症监测的调控方面存在潜在的严重紊乱。这些紊乱可能与神经退行性疾病、心肌炎、免疫性血小板减少症、贝尔氏麻痹症、肝病、适应性免疫功能受损、DNA损伤反应受损以及肿瘤发生存在因果关系。我们从疫苗接种与死亡报告系统（VAERS）数据库中提供了证据，支持我们的假设。我们认为，对mRNA疫苗进行全面的风险/收益评估，对其作为公共卫生积极贡献者的地位提出了质疑。 COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the Registrational Trials and Global Vaccination Campaign https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10810638/
M Nathaniel Mead 1,✉, Stephanie Seneff 2, Russ Wolfinger 3, Jessica Rose 4, Kris Denhaerynck 5, Steve Kirsch 6, Peter A McCullough 7,8 AbstractOur understanding of COVID-19 vaccinations and their impact on health and mortality has evolved substantially since the first vaccine rollouts. Published reports from the original randomized phase 3 trials concluded that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could greatly reduce COVID-19 symptoms. In the interim, problems with the methods, execution, and reporting of these pivotal trials have emerged. Re-analysis of the Pfizer trial data identified statistically significant increases in serious adverse events (SAEs) in the vaccine group. Numerous SAEs were identified following the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), including death, cancer, cardiac events, and various autoimmune, hematological, reproductive, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, these products never underwent adequate safety and toxicological testing in accordance with previously established scientific standards. Among the other major topics addressed in this narrative review are the published analyses of serious harms to humans, quality control issues and process-related impurities, mechanisms underlying adverse events (AEs), the immunologic basis for vaccine inefficacy, and concerning mortality trends based on the registrational trial data. The risk-benefit imbalance substantiated by the evidence to date contraindicates further booster injections and suggests that, at a minimum, the mRNA injections should be removed from the childhood immunization program until proper safety and toxicological studies are conducted. Federal agency approval of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines on a blanket-coverage population-wide basis had no support from an honest assessment of all relevant registrational data and commensurate consideration of risks versus benefits. Given the extensive, well-documented SAEs and unacceptably high harm-to-reward ratio, we urge governments to endorse a global moratorium on the modified mRNA products until all relevant questions pertaining to causality, residual DNA, and aberrant protein production are answered. Innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations: The role of G-quadruplexes, exosomes, and MicroRNAs
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027869152200206X
Letter to Editor “Innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations: The role of G-quadruplexes, exosomes, and MicroRNAs”: Important concerns on the validity of this article
Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 178, August 2023, Pages 113897 Jérôme Barrière, Fabrice Frank, Lonni Besancon, Alexander Samuel, Véronique Saada, Eric Billy, Abraham Al-Ahmad, Nans Florens, Barbara Seitz-Polski, Jacques Robert
Highlights mRNA vaccines promote sustained synthesis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The spike protein is neurotoxic, and it impairs DNA repair mechanisms. Suppression of type I interferon responses results in impaired innate immunity. The mRNA vaccines potentially cause increased risk to infectious diseases and cancer. Codon optimization results in G-rich mRNA that has unpredictable complex effects.
AbstractThe mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were brought to market in response to the public health crises of Covid-19. The utilization of mRNA vaccines in the context of infectious disease has no precedent. The many alterations in the vaccine mRNA hide the mRNA from cellular defenses and promote a longer biological half-life and high production of spike protein. However, the immune response to the vaccine is very different from that to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this paper, we present evidence that vaccination induces a profound impairment in type I interferon signaling, which has diverse adverse consequences to human health. Immune cells that have taken up the vaccine nanoparticles release into circulation large numbers of exosomes containing spike protein along with critical microRNAs that induce a signaling response in recipient cells at distant sites. We also identify potential profound disturbances in regulatory control of protein synthesis and cancer surveillance. These disturbances potentially have a causal link to neurodegenerative disease, myocarditis, immune thrombocytopenia, Bell's palsy, liver disease, impaired adaptive immunity, impaired DNA damage response and tumorigenesis. We show evidence from the VAERS database supporting our hypothesis. We believe a comprehensive risk/benefit assessment of the mRNA vaccines questions them as positive contributors to public health.
Peter Andrew McCullough https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_A._McCullough
December 29, 1962 (age 62)，Buffalo, New York, U.S.
Baylor University (BS)，niversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (MD) & University of Michigan (MPH) Discipline： Medicine,Sub-discipline Cardiology, Internal medicine Peter Andrew McCullough (/məˈkʌlə/[1]) (born December 29, 1962) is an American former cardiologist.[2] He was vice chief of internal medicine at Baylor University Medical Center and a professor at Texas A&M University.[3] From the beginnings of the COVID-19 pandemic, McCullough has promoted misinformation and conspiracy theories about COVID-19, its treatments, and mRNA vaccines.[4][5][6] In October 2022, the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) recommended that McCullough's board certifications be revoked due to his promotion of misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines,[7][8] and by January 2025, the ABIM had revoked both of his certifications.[9][10] Early life and educationPeter Andrew McCullough was born in Buffalo, New York, on December 29, 1962.[11] He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Baylor University in 1984 and his Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in 1988.[12] He completed his residency in internal medicine at the University of Washington in Seattle, a cardiology fellowship in 1991, and practiced internal medicine in Grayling, Michigan, for two years before enrolling in the University of Michigan School of Public Health, earning a Master of Public Health (MPH) degree in 1994.[11][13] CareerAfter receiving his MPH, McCullough was a cardiovascular fellow at William Beaumont Hospital in the Detroit metropolitan area until 1997. He then worked at the Henry Ford Heart and Vascular Institute in Detroit until 2000, served as section chief of cardiology of the University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, and returned to William Beaumont Hospital where he worked from 2002 to 2010.[11] He spent the next four years as chief academic and scientific officer of the St. John Providence Health System, Detroit, before joining the Baylor University Medical Center in 2014.[11][13] In February 2021, McCullough entered into a confidential separation agreement with Baylor Scott & White Medical Center. In July, in response to his promotion of misinformation about COVID-19, Baylor sued McCullough to prevent him falsely claiming any current association with Baylor Health.[14][15][5] On January 17, 2023, the 191st Judicial District Court of Dallas County, Texas dismissed the case. While details were not disclosed, according to The Texan, "[v]oluntary dismissal of claims with prejudice are usually entered after a settlement agreement has been reached."[16] McCullough is a founder and (as of 2021) president of the now defunct[17] Cardio Renal Society of America[13][18] and co-editor-in-chief of Cardiorenal Medicine, the society's journal,[citation needed] and also editor of Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine.[19][20] He has conducted several studies on running and heart disease,[21] and co-described the term Phidippides cardiomyopathy, a heart condition found in some high endurance athletes.[22][23][24] McCullough's other research projects have included the relationship between heart disease and kidney disease and risk factors for heart disease.[25][26] He is a member of the conservative advocacy group Association of American Physicians and Surgeons and has advocated conspiracy theories promoted by the group.[27][3][28] COVID-19During the COVID-19 pandemic, McCullough advocated for early treatment using the discredited treatments hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin,[29][30][28] criticized the response of the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration,[29] dissented from public health recommendations,[31][28][32] and contributed to COVID-19 misinformation.[33][34][35] Early advocacy for hydroxychloroquineIn April 2020, McCullough led a study of the medication hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19 for the Baylor Scott & White Medical Center. McCullough told The Wall Street Journal that the urgency of the public health crisis justified compromises on best practices in medical research.[36][37] In July, after major studies found hydroxychloroquine was ineffective against COVID-19 and the Food and Drug Administration revoked its emergency use authorization (EUA), McCullough supported a second EUA.[29] In August 2020, McCullough, Harvey Risch of the Yale School of Public Health, and co-authors published an observational study proposing an early outpatient treatment regimen for COVID-19 in the American Journal of Medicine.[38] Based on previous evidence, the article made recommendations for treating ambulatory COVID-19 patients, but presented no new evidence. The article was shared on social media, mainly by groups which had previously published COVID-19 misinformation, in posts falsely interpreting the publication as an official endorsement by the journal itself of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19.[39][40][41] The Ministry of Health of Brazil endorsed the article on its website, contributing to a severe COVID-19 misinformation problem in Brazil.[39][42][43] The article was criticized in letters to the editors;[44][45][46][47][48] the editors responded that the article included some "hopeful speculations ... What seemed reasonable last summer based on laboratory experiments has subsequently been shown to be untrue".[40][43] McCullough and Risch were two of three witnesses called by committee chair Senator Ron Johnson to testify before a United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs hearing on COVID-19 treatments held in November 2020. McCullough testified in support of social distancing, vaccination, and controversial treatments, including hydroxychloroquine. Ashish Jha, dean of the Brown University School of Public Health, called to testify by the ranking member, said the "clear consensus in the medical and scientific community, based on overwhelming evidence" is that hydroxychloroquine is ineffective as a treatment for COVID-19. McCullough said Jha was promoting misinformation and Jha's opposition to the drug was "reckless and dangerous for the nation".[30][49][50][51] Jha responded on The New York Times opinion page, "By elevating witnesses who sound smart but endorse unfounded therapies, we risk jeopardizing a century's work of medical progress."[52] COVID-19 misinformationSome of McCullough's public statements contributed to the spread of COVID-19 misinformation.[4][5] McCullough testified before a committee of the Texas Senate in March 2021, posted to YouTube by the fringe Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, in which he made false claims about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines, including that people under 50 years of age and survivors do not need the vaccine and that there is no evidence of asymptomatic spread of COVID-19.[33] Posted on the Canadian online video sharing platform Rumble, McCullough gave an interview in April 2021 to The New American, the magazine of the right-wing John Birch Society, in which he advanced anti-vaccination messaging, including falsely claiming huge numbers of fatalities attributed to the COVID-19 vaccines.[28] In May 2021, McCullough gave an interview in which he made claims about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines which were "inaccurate, misleading and/or unsupported by evidence", including that survivors cannot be re-infected and so do not require vaccination and that the vaccines are dangerous.[34] During television appearances, McCullough contradicted public health recommendations, including when asked about the aggressive spread of COVID-19 among children, by suggesting that healthy persons under 30 had no need for a vaccine,[35][53] and when asked about the relative merits of vaccination-induced immunity versus "natural" (survivor) immunity, by disputing the necessity of vaccinations to achieve herd immunity.[4][27][54][55] In December 2021, McCullough appeared on the Joe Rogan Experience promoting debunked conspiracy theories and misinformation (e.g. the COVID-19 pandemic was planned, the spike protein causes cell death, medical authorities are conspiring to illegitimately suppress hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin).[31][32][56] McCullough has served as Chief Scientific Officer for The Wellness Company, a Florida-based dietary supplement and telehealth company, since its founding in June 2022.[57][58] In October 2022, the American Board of Internal Medicine recommended that McCullough's board certifications be revoked due to his promotion of misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines,[7][8] and by January 2025, the ABIM had revoked his certifications for Cardiovascular Disease and Internal Medicine.[9][10] He is a co-author of a 2023 review, "A systematic review of autopsy findings in deaths after COVID-19 vaccination", that was retracted.[59][60][7][61] Selected publicationsMcCullough, Peter A.; Ronco, Claudio, eds. (2020). Textbook of Cardiorenal Medicine. London: Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-57459-8. Rangaswami, Janani; Lerma, Edgar V.; McCullough, Peter A., eds. (2020). Kidney Disease in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory: A Practical Approach. London: Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-45413-5. Leake, John; McCullough, Peter A.; Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (2022). The Courage to Face COVID-19: Preventing Hospitalization and Death While Battling the Bio–Pharmaceutical Complex. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 9781510776807.
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