性別、激素與肺部健康 Sex, hormones, and lung health ——《生理學評論》第109卷第1期，2026年1月—— <Physiological Reviews> Volume 109, Issue 1, January 2026 【摘要】性別作為一種重要的生物學變量，在肺部健康中發揮着關鍵作用，導致肺部疾病易感性存在性別差異。某些呼吸系統疾病在女性中的發病率高於男性，尤其是在青春期之後，這表明卵巢激素對疾病機制有影響。其他疾病的性別差異則始於胎兒期，並貫穿整個生命周期。臨床前和臨床研究表明，性染色體和性激素都會影響肺部疾病的預後、免疫反應、對病毒和細菌感染的易感性以及對環境挑戰的反應。本文綜述了關於性別如何影響肺部生理和健康的最新研究進展，涵蓋了呼吸生理學和解剖學、遺傳學、分子和細胞生物學、環境健康以及免疫學等領域的廣泛研究。我們重點闡述了生物性別、性腺激素以及職業和環境暴露如何影響疾病機制和預後。由於過去幾十年來女性的臨床預後改善速度不如男性，因此，了解性別變量在疾病預防和治療策略制定中的作用至關重要。綜合研究表明，呼吸系統的性別差異是生理反應和臨床預後的重要決定因素。 【關鍵詞】肺部疾病；肺部炎症；性染色體；性激素；性類固醇 [Abstract] Sex plays an essential role as a biological variable in lung health, leading to observed differences in lung disease susceptibility. Some respiratory conditions are more common in women than men, especially after puberty, indicating the influence of ovarian hormones on disease mechanisms. Other conditions display sex disparities that begin in utero and progress throughout the life span. Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that both sex chromosomes and hormones can influence lung disease outcomes, immune responses, susceptibility to viral and bacterial infection, and responses to environmental challenges. This review summarizes the latest research on how sex affects lung physiology and health, drawing on a wide range of studies in respiratory physiology and anatomy, genetics, molecular and cellular biology, environmental health, and immunity. We emphasize how biological sex, gonadal hormones, and occupational and environmental exposures can impact disease mechanisms and outcomes. As clinical outcomes among women have not improved at the same rate as men over the past few decades, it is crucial to understand the role played by the sex variable in designing strategies to prevent and mitigate disease. The collective research indicates that sex-induced differences in the respiratory system are essential determinants of physiological responses and clinical outcomes. [Key words] lung disease; lung inflammation; sex chromosomes; sex hormones; sex steroids 論文原文：Patricia Silveyra, Maksat Babayev, and Carolyn Damilola Ekpruke (2026). Sex, hormones, and lung health. Physiological Reviews, Volume 106, Issue 1, January 2026. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00026.2024 （翻譯兼責任編輯：MARY） （需要英文原文的朋友，請聯繫微信：millerdeng95或iacmsp）
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