重新審視壓力源與職業倦怠的關係：反向因果關係和條件變化的證據 Revisiting the stressor–burnout relationship: Evidence for reverse causation and conditional change ——《職業健康心理學雜誌》第31卷，第1期，2026年2月—— <Journal of Occupational Health Psychology> Volume 31, Issue 1, February 2026 【摘要】工作壓力導致職業倦怠的假設是許多職業健康理論的核心。本研究旨在解決以往研究中的三個局限性：(a) 對個體內部工作壓力增加如何導致職業倦怠加劇（壓力源假說）的理解不足，包括對反向效應（應變假說）是否具有更高預測價值的考量；(b) 對職業倦怠發展過程中不同長期滯後效應的研究有限；(c) 對多種工作壓力源效應的評估不足。我們運用不同滯後時間的隨機截距交叉滯後面板模型，分析了2131名德語區員工在24個月內五個時間點收集的數據。研究結果更有力地支持了應變假說，表明職業倦怠在6個月內加劇會導致工作壓力隨後增加。這一發現對三種類型的壓力源（即工作超負荷、社會壓力源和組織壓力源）以及考慮更長的滯後時間後均保持一致。我們發現支持壓力源假說的證據有限，尤其是在忽略穩定的個體間差異時。然而，跨層調節分析表明，對於那些長期處於較低工作資源水平（例如，工作自主性和社會支持）或較高工作壓力水平的個體而言，工作壓力源會導致倦怠加劇。我們的研究結果挑戰了壓力源效應的無條件適用性。它們強調了考慮反向因果關係、效應發生的時間以及更清晰地區分個體內部變化和個體間差異的理論重要性，以增進對倦怠發展過程的理解。 【關鍵詞】倦怠；工作壓力源；工作需求；工作資源；時間動態 [Abstract] The assumption that work stressors cause burnout is central to many occupational health theories. In this study, we addressed three limitations in prior research: (a) the limited understanding of how within-person increases in work stressors drive increases in burnout (the stressor hypothesis), including the consideration of whether the reverse effect (the strain hypothesis) offers greater predictive value; (b) the limited research on varying long-term time lags in the development of burnout; and (c) the limited evaluation of the effects of multiple work stressors. We applied random-intercept cross-lagged panel models with different time lags to analyze data from 2,131 German-speaking employees, collected across five time points over 24 months. Our findings showed stronger support for the strain hypothesis, suggesting that an increase in burnout over 6 months results in a subsequent increase in work stressors. This finding remained consistent across three types of stressors (i.e., work overload, social stressors, and organizational stressors) and when accounting for additional longer term time lags. We found limited evidence for the stressor hypothesis, particularly when disregarding stable between-person differences. However, cross-level moderation analyses showed that work stressors resulted in increased burnout for individuals who experience chronically lower levels of job resources (i.e., job autonomy and social support) or higher levels of work stressors. Our findings challenge the unconditional applicability of the stressor effect. They emphasize the theoretical importance of considering reverse causation, the timing of effects, and a clearer distinction between within-person changes and between-person differences to advance the understanding of burnout development processes. [Key words] burnout; work stressors; job demands; job resources; temporal dynamics 論文原文：Lucas A. Maunz, Leon T. De Beer, Bernad Batinic, et al. (2026). Revisiting the stressor–burnout relationship: Evidence for reverse causation and conditional change. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Volume 31, Issue 1, Pages 42–62. February 2026. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000417 （翻譯兼責任編輯：MARY） （需要英文原文的朋友，請聯繫微信：millerdeng95或iacmsp）
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