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转载的，希望能有些用。 美国看病常识--常见血液检查及参考值(中英对照)--1 ZT 2010-02-06 04:14:09 原文地址: http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/496dde800100g7kz 以下值来自我的医院实验室，仅供参考。
各医院、各实验室的值会有些差别，请参照自己的血液检查报告的正常值。
1. Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)（基础代谢检查）:
是一组有八项的血液化学检查。包括四项电解质：钠、钾、氯、碳酸氢盐；两项反应肾功能的血尿素氮+肌酐，加上血糖和钙。 | test | Reference range
in US Units | Reference Range
in SI Units | To Convert US to SI Unit
(multiplied by) | | Sodium (Na+)
钠 | 135--145 mEq/L | 135--145 mmol/L | x 1 | | Potassium (K+)
钾 | 3.5--5.0 mEq/L | 3.5--5.0 mmol/L | x 1 | | Chloride ( Cl-)
氯 | 97--109 mEq/L | 97--109 mmol/L | x 1 | | Bicarbonate (HCO3−) or CO2
碳酸氢盐 | HCO3- 22--26 mEq/L;
PaCO2 35--45 mmHg. | HCO3- 22--26 mmol/L;
PaCO2 4.7--6.0 kPa | x1; | | Blood Urea Nitrogen ( BUN)
血尿素氮 | 6--22 mg/dL | increased in acute glomerulonephritis,obstructive uropathy,mercury poisoning,nephrotic syndrome | decreased in severe hepatic failure,pregnancy | | Creatinine
肌酐 | 0.7--1.4 mg/dL | 62--124 µmol/L | x 88.5 | | Glucose
血糖 | fasting: 70--110mg/dL;
Postprandial(2 hours):65--140mg/dL. | 3.85--6.05 mmol/L;
3.58--7.7 mmol/L. | x 0.055 | | Calcium ( Ca2+)
钙 | 8.5--10.5 mg/dL | 2.12--2.62 mmol/L | x 0.25 |
2.Complete Blood Count (CBC)（全血细胞计数）:
| test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Reference Range
in SI Units | | WBC
(White blood cell count/Leukocyte count) | 白细胞数 | 4,500--11,000/cu mm | 4.5--11x109/L | | Neutrophils
(WBC differential count) | 嗜中性粒细胞 | 45%--73% | Number fraction:
0.45--0.73 | | Eosinophils
(WBC differential count) | 嗜酸性粒细胞 | 0%--4% | Number fraction:
0.00--0.04 | | Basophils
(WBC differential count) | 嗜碱性粒细胞 | 0%--1% | Number fraction:
0.00--0.01 | | Lymphocytes
(WBC differential count) | 淋巴细胞 | 20%--40% | Number fraction:
0.2--0.4 | | Monocytes
(WBC differential count) | 单核细胞 | 2%--8% | Number fraction:
0.02--0.08 | | RBC
(Red blood cell count/Erythrocyte count) | 红细胞数 | Males: 4.3--6.2x106/cu mm;
Females: 3.8--5.5x106/cu mm | Males: 4.3--6.2x1012/L;
Females: 3.8--5.5x1012/L | | Hemoglobin | 血红蛋白或血色素 | Males:13--18 gm/dL;
Females:12--16gm/dL. | Males: 2.02--2.79 mmol/L;
Females:1.86--2.48 mmol/L. | | Hematocrit | 红细胞比容 / 比积 | Males:42%--52%;
Females:35%--47%. | Volume fraction:0.42--0.52;
Volume fraction: 0.35--0.47. | | MCV
(Mean corpuscular volume) | 平均红细胞容积 | 84--96 cu mm | 84--96 fL | | MCH
(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin) | 平均血红蛋白量 | 28--33 pg/cell | 28--33 pg/cell | | MCHC
(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) | 平均血红蛋白浓度 | 33%--35% | concentration fraction:
0.33--0.35 | | Platelet count
(thrombocyte count) | 血小板 | 150,000--450,000/cu mm | 0.15--0.45x1012/L | | MPV
(Mean platelet volume) | 血小板平均体积 | 2.65 to 2.9 µm | 9.7–12.8 fL |
3.Arterial Blood Gas(ABG)（动脉血气分析）:
| test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | ReferenceRange
in SI Units | | pH | pH值 | 7.35–7.45 | 7.35–7.45 | | H+ | 氢离子 | 35–45 nmol/L(nM) | 35–45 nmol/L(nM) | | PaO2 | 血氧 | 80–100 mmHg | 9.3–13.3 kPa | | PaCO2 | 二氧化碳 | 35–45 mmHg | 4.7–6.0 kPa | | HCO3− | 碳酸氢盐 | 22–26 mEq/L | 22--26 mmol/L | | O2 sat | 血氧饱和度 | 95 - 99% | 95 - 99% |
4. Liver Function Tests（肝功能检查）：
Standard Liver Panel (标准肝功能检查)：
| test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Reference Range
in SI Units | | Albumin (Alb) | 白蛋白 | 3.5--5.0 g/dL | 35--50 g/L | | Alanine transaminase (ALT) or (SGPT) | 谷丙转氨酶/谷氨酸转氨酶 | 9--60 U/L | 9--60 U/L | | Aspartate transaminase (AST) or(SGOT) | 天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 | 10--40 U/L | 10--40 U/L | | Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | 碱性磷酸酶 | 30--120 U/L | 30--120 U/L | | Total bilirubin (TBIL) | 总胆红素 | 0.1--1.2 mg/dL | 1.7--20.4 µmol/L | | Direct bilirubin | 直接胆红素 | 0--0.3 mg/dL | 0--5.1 µmol/L | | Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) | γ-谷氨酰转肽酶 | 0--51 U/L | 0--51 U/L |
5. Protein Tests（蛋白质检查）：
| test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Reference Range
in SI Units | | Human serum albumin | 人血白蛋白 | 3.5--5.0 g/dL | 35--50 g/L | | Serum total protein | 血清总蛋白 | 6.5--8.5 g/dL | 65--85 g/L |
6. Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)（综合代谢检查）：
是一组有十四项的常规血液化学检查。BMP（八项）+ Protein Tests（Human serum albumin，Serum total protein）+ Liver Function Tests（ALP，ALT，AST，Bilirubin）。目的是检查肝肾功能、电解质和体液平衡。具体请看1. BMP, 4. Liver Function Tests 和 5. ProteinTests 表里相关的值，这里不再列表赘述。
7. Iron Tests（检查血中的铁）:
是测定血中铁的含量、血液运输铁的能力和铁的儲存量。用于各型贫血的鉴别诊断（如：缺铁性贫血、再生障碍性贫血、铁粒幼红细胞贫血和慢性溶血性贫血等）。需空腹12小时抽静脉血检查。
| test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Reference Range
in SI Units | | Serum iron | 血清铁（血液内游离的铁离子） | Male: 65-177 μg/dL;
Female: 50-170 μg/dL | Male: 11.6-31.7 µmol/L; Female: 9.0-30.4 μmol/L | | TIBC(Total iron-binding capacity) | 血清总铁结合力/血清运铁容量 | 240--450 µg/dL | 43.0--80.6 µmol/L | | UIBC(Unsaturated iron-binding capacity) | 未饱和铁结合力 | The UIBC is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the TIBC. | UIBC= TIBC- Serum iron | | Transferrin saturation
(= Serum iron/ TIBC) | 运铁蛋白饱和度 | Male: 20-50%;
Female: 15-50% | | | Serum Ferritin | 血清铁蛋白（血液内结合状态的铁，检查体内铁缺乏的最灵敏的指标） | Males: 20--250 ng/mL; Females: 12--250 ng/mL | Males: 20--250 µg/L;
Females: 12--250 µg/L |
8. Lipid profile(Lipid panel)（血脂检查）：
高血脂增加心血管疾病的风险。需空腹12小时抽静脉血检查。
| test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Reference Range
in SI Units | | Total cholesterol | 总胆固醇 | recommended <200 mg/dL;
moderate risk 200--239 mg/dL;
high risk >240 mg/dL. | <5.2 mmol/L;
5.2--6.2 mmol/L;
>6.24 mmol/L | | High density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL-C)
(good cholesterol ) | 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇
（好胆固醇） | major risk factor <40 mg/dL;
negative risk factor >59 mg/dL | x 0.026=mmol/L | | Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C)
(bad cholesterol ) | 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇
（坏胆固醇） | recommended <129 mg/dL;
moderate risk 130--159 mg/dL;
high risk >159 mg/dL. | x 0.026=mmol/L | | Triglycerides | 三酸甘油酯/甘油三酯 | recommended 30--149 mg/dL
(<160) | x 0.011=mmol/L |
9.Thyroid function test（甲状腺功能检查）:
| test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Reference Range
in SI Units | Interpretation | | TSH
(Thyroid-stimulating hormone)/Serum thyrotropin | 甲状腺刺激激素/促甲状腺素 | 0.4--6 mIU/L
0.3 to 3.0 mIU/L(as of 2003 ) | 0.4--6 mIU/L | <0.4(低) ---possible hyperthyroidism(甲亢) ;
>6(高) ---hypothyroidism(甲减).
Note: the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists has revised these guidelines as of early 2003, narrowing the range to 0.3 to 3.0. | | T3 / Serum triiodothyronine | 血清三碘甲状腺素 | 80 to 220 ng/dL | 1.23--3.39 nmol/L | <80(低)---hypothyroidism(甲减);
>220(高)---Pregnancy,hyperthyroidism(甲亢) | | Total T4 / Serum thyroxine | 血清甲状腺素 | 4.5--12.5 µg/dL | 58.5--162.5 nmol/L | <4.5 can be indicative of an underfunctioning thyroid when TSH is also elevated.
>12.5(高)---hyperthyroidism(甲亢).
Low T4 with low TSH can sometimes indicate a pituitary problem. | | Free T4 / Free Thyroxine | 游离甲状腺 | 0.7 to 2.0
ng/dL | 9.0--25.8
pmol/L | <0.7 ---possible hypothyroidism(甲减) |
10.Clotting factor(蜃?: （这里可能写不出，有懂的可以补上）
| test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Clinical significance | | Prothrombin time | 凝血酶原时间 | 12–15 seconds | Prolonged by deficiency of factors I,II,V,VII, and X, fat malabsorption, severe liver disease, coumadin anticoagulant therapy. | | INR
(international normalized ratio ) | 国际标准化比值 | 1.0
2--3 for therapy in atrial fibrilation,deep vein thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism;
2.5--3.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valves | INR used to standardize the prothrombin time and anticoagulation therapy. | | Partial thromboplastin time (activated) | 活化部分凝血激酶时间 | 25--30 seconds | Prolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen,factors II,V,VIII, IX,X,XI, and XII,and in heparin therapy. | | Thrombin time | 凝血酶时间 | 10--15 seconds | Prolonged by heparin, fibrin degradation products, lupus anticoagulant. |
11.Cardiac marker（心脏病指标） :
虽然仍有医院、有医生在做CPK-MB test，但这里只介绍一个目前被认为是检测急性心肌梗塞（Acute Myocardial Infarction）最灵敏的检测法---Troponin test (Troponin I (肌钙蛋白I) onset: 4-6 hrs, peak: 12-24 hrs, return to normal: 4-7 days).
| Troponin I Reference Range | Interpretation (判读) | | 0.00--0.09 | Normal | | 0.10--0.60 | Possible indication of myocardial damage, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, cardiac surgery or invasive testing. Clinical correlation is required. | | >0.60 | May indicate significant myocardial injury. Clinical correlation is required. |
12.Cancer marker（癌症指标）:
| test | 中文 | Reference range
in US Units | Clinical significance | | AFP (Alpha fetoprotein) | 甲胎蛋白 | <10 µg/L | Often elevated in liver cancers (hepatocellular) and testicular cancers (non-seminomatous). Raised levels are also present during pregnancy or some gastrointestinal cancers. | | CA 15-3 | CA 15-3 | <30 IU/L | Increased in metastatic breast. Raised levels are also present in other non-malignant conditions (eg. cirrhosis, benign diseases of ovaries & breast). | | CA 19-19 | CA 19-19 | <37 IU/L | Increased in pancreatic,hepatobiliary,gastric,and colorectal cancer,gallstones .Its level is best evaluated along with CEA marker test. | | CA125 | CA125 | <35 IU/L | Increased in colon, upper gastrointestinal(GI),ovarian, and other gynecologic cancers; during menstruation,pregnancy or individuals with ovarian cysts,pericarditis,hepatitis,cirrhosis of the liver or peritonitis. | | Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) | 癌胚抗原 | 0-2.5 µg/L(nonsmoker);
0-5 µg/L(smoker) | CEA was first identified in colon cancer. Elevated CEA levels are found in a variety of cancers other than colonic, including pancreatic, gastric, lung, and breast. It is also detected in benign conditions including cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic lung disease, and pancreatitis. | | PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) | 前列腺特异性抗原 | 0-4 ng/ml | PSA is prostate-specific, not cancer-specific. A variety of conditions can raise PSA levels: prostatitis (prostate inflammation), benign prostatic hypertrophy (prostate enlargement), and prostate cancer. | |
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