論民主 民主是多數的統治，但它唯有在多數人記得公共利益時才能昌盛。它許諾自由，但無紀律則成放縱；它許諾平等，但無智慧則成嫉妒。因為民意雖強，卻多變：此刻加冕正義，下一刻便可能將其定罪。 民主的力量不在人數，而在信任、耐心與理性的習慣。公民若賢明，法律便堅固；公民若怠惰，法律便脆弱。民可以選其領袖，但若不加判斷地選擇，實則不是人統治，而是愚昧統治。 專制以武力剝奪自由；民主因疏忽而浪費自由。前者吞噬，後者溶解。然而兩者相比，民主自帶更新之種，因為它能自我修正。專制從未自我改革，而民主雖會絆倒，卻能學習。 民主最好的保障是公民的美德。憲法不過是紙張，若人心已腐；選舉不過是喧囂，若民眾無知。自由之民，必須教育其心與智，否則自由必化為混亂，而混亂終招致專制。 民主如同一面鏡子：它映照的是國家本然之貌，而非自我幻想。人民若寬厚，它便光明；人民若狹隘，它便晦暗。它既是特權，也是重擔——既要為自己作主，也要為自己作裁。 因此，民主當被珍視，而非被神化。它並非完美之制，卻是能改之制。目的不在人民必然得勝，而在正義必然得勝。若正義通過人民得以伸張，則民主方可安固。
Of Democracy Democracy is the rule of many, yet it prospers only when the many remember the good of all. It promises liberty, but without discipline it becomes license. It promises equality, but without wisdom it sinks into envy. For the voice of the people is mighty, but also mutable; it can crown justice one hour and condemn it the next. The strength of democracy lies not in numbers alone, but in the habits of trust, patience, and reason. Where citizens are wise, laws are strong; but where citizens are careless, laws are weak. A people may choose their rulers, yet if they choose without judgment, they are ruled not by men but by their own folly. Tyranny steals freedom by force; democracy may waste it by negligence. The one devours, the other dissolves. Yet of the two, democracy holds the seed of renewal, for it allows correction by its own hand. No tyranny ever reformed itself, but a democracy, though it stumble, may learn. The best safeguard of democracy is virtue among citizens. For constitutions are but paper if men are corrupt, and elections are but noise if men are ignorant. A free people must educate both their minds and their hearts, lest freedom turn to disorder, and disorder invite despotism. Democracy is a mirror: it shows a nation what it is, not what it dreams to be. If the people are generous, it shines; if they are mean, it tarnishes. It is both a privilege and a burden—to be one’s own master, and one’s own judge. Therefore, let democracy be cherished, but not idolized. It is no perfect form, but it is the form that admits correction. The aim is not that the people should always prevail, but that justice should. And when justice prevails through the people, democracy is secure.
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