義商思想為轉而賺

全球義商班創辦人兼主講人何哲在紐約州巴發羅市的演說

2015年7月25日

各位朋友：

Good morning, everyone!

這次我隨香港寶石集團的團隊來到巴發羅，感謝江董事長、托馬斯執行長和各位給我機會講一講義商思想，我佔用大家30分鐘。

I am very pleased to be here today. I’d like to thank the Hong Kong Gemstone Group for inviting me to attend this event in buffalo.  And thank you for Mr. Jiang and Mr.Thomas give me this chance to be on this stage today. I will take about 30 minutes to talk about virtuous business conduct.

什麼是義商？有些朋友也許對這個名詞感到陌生。大家知道奸商吧？奸商的反面就是義商。

What is virtuous business? Some of you may not familiar with this. But we all know money sharks, right? The opposite of money sharks are virtuous businessmen.

地球上現有74億人，最大的社會問題是貧富懸殊。人生很多痛苦是貧困造成的，吃不飽飯，上不起學，看不起病，買不起房……，貧困折磨很多人。由於奸商掌握著大部分財富，分配方式有問題，人們單靠辛苦勞動并不能解決貧困問題。

For now, there are 7.4 billion people living on this planet, and the biggest social problem is the widening gap between the rich and the poor. Many people are suffering because of poverty. People can’t afford food, education, health care, homes and so on. Money sharks hold the most wealth in the world, but they use a defective distribution method for sharing their resources. So people won’t solve poverty by working hard.

現在貧富懸殊比以往任何時候都嚴重，1%的人掌握著99%的財富，99%的人只有1%的財富。1%的人幸福，99%的人痛苦，社會不平等現象隨處可見。

Nowadays, the wealth gap worse than ever. 1% people holding the 99 % wealth in the world, while the rest of 99 % people have to share that 1 % wealth. So there is only 1% people have a happy life in the world, and we can see social inequalities everywhere.

社會有一個鐵律：多一個奸商，就會多一批窮人。多一個義商，就會少一批窮人，我們的理想是創造均富社會，所以培養義商至關重要。

There is a basic rule in the society that more Money Sharks, more poor people, but more Virtuous Businessmen, fewer poor people. Our vision is to create a balanced society, so Promoting Virtuous Business Conduct is an essential endeavor.

我為此創辦了全球義商班，以世界七大義商沈家楨、張靜江、安德魯.卡內基、比爾.蓋茨、沃倫.巴菲特、查克 費尼、丹.普萊斯的行為做實例，闡述義商思想。全球義商班的宗旨是傳播義商思想，讓社會產生更多義商。

I am the founder of the global virtuous business seminar. Here, I list out the best seven virtuous businessmen in the world. They are C.T. Shen, Jingjiang Zhang, Andrew Carnegie, Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Chuck Feeney, and Dan Price. I created the global virtuous business seminar is aim to promote the virtuous business conduct, and bring more virtuous businessmen in our society.

這是世界七大義商的照片。

Let’s take a look at these 7 virtuous businessmen

第一位是沈家楨d C.T.Shen。他是美國航运家。1970年，他從紐約來到巴發羅，買下一家虧損的航运公司，运用義商思想和經營智慧，創建了五大湖航运史上最庞大的自动化船队，开辟了了美國經濟戰略运输线西煤东运水路联运線。他的義商思想概括起來是四個字：為轉而賺。

The first one C.T. Shen. He was a shipping entrepreneur. In 1970, he bought an unprofitable shipping company in Buffalo. In shipping history, He created the largest automatic fleet in the Great Lakes area through virtuous business conduct. He opened up the connection between the water transportation and land transportation, which revolutionized the coal strategy shipping from the west to east. His virtuous idea can be summarized as “earn to turn” which means to create the wealth to share the wealth.

第二位是張靜江Jingjiang Zhang，他是一位在巴黎經商的中國古董商，傾家蕩產資助孫中山發動武裝起義，創建了亞洲第一個共和國中華民國，從帝王專制下解放了四億五千萬中國人。孫中山對他的義舉非常感激，親書“滿堂花醉三千客，一劍霜寒四十州”對聯贈送給他。

The second is JingJiang Zhang, who was an Chinese antique dealer in Paris. He donated all his property to help Sun Yat-sen armed uprising, which created the first republic country in Asia—the Republic of China, and liberated four hundred fifty million Chinese people. Sun Yat-sen is deeply appreciated what Jingjiang Zhang did， and personally wrote him a couplet as a gift.

第三位是安德鲁.卡内基Andrew Carnegie，美國鋼鐵大王，20世紀初的世界首富。他的義商思想是“一個有錢人如果到死還是很有錢，那就是一件可恥的事情。”基於這樣的思想，他生前就把財富裸捐了。紐約卡內基音樂廳、匹茲堡卡內基大學、3500個圖書館，煉鋼工人救濟養老基金、捨己救人基金、大學教授退休基金、總統退休基金、作家基金、名人基金，都是他捐建的。

The third is Andrew carnegie， who built a steel empire in America and became the richest man in the world in the early 20^th century. His virtuous philosophy is “ the man who dies rich thus dies disgraced.” Based on the philosophy, he donated all his wealth before his death. He created the Carnegie hall in New York, the university of Carnegie in Pittsburgh, three thousand and five hundred libraries, steelworker relief pension fund, university professor pension fund, president pension fund, writer fund, celebrity fund, and so on.

第四位是比爾蓋茨Bill Gates，20次蟬聯美國首富，他在華盛頓大學演講時對聽眾說：“我能理解你們想要幾百萬美元，一旦你擁有太多金錢，我必須告訴你，漢堡還是那塊漢堡。”蓋茨的義商思想相當樸實。

Number four is Bill Gates, he was the richest man in America for 20 years. In his speech at the university of Washington, he said “I can understand you want millions dollars, but I have to tell you, even if you have that much money, a Hamburger is still a hamburger.” As we can see, Bill gates has a very simple virtuous business ideal.

第五位是沃倫.巴菲特Warren Buffett，他當著兒子的面在公司股東大會上說：“那種認為只要投對娘胎便可一世衣食無憂的想法，損害了我心中的公平觀念。”他宣佈將300多億美元財產捐給慈善事業，沒有給兒子。巴菲特的義商思想的特點是平等意識，他的平等觀高於血統論。

No.5 is Warren Buffett. During the company shareholder meeting, he said he didn’t believe in dynastic wealth in front of his son. He announced that he would donate more than 30 billion dollars for charity, not for his son. The focus of Warren Buffett’s virtuous business conduct is equal. Equality is over everything.

第六位是匿名捐款80億美元的查克·費尼Chuck Feeney，他的義商思想是‘錢不捐光，我死不瞑目。’費尼靠銷售免稅白蘭地、香水和名牌商品積累起龐大財富，但他身上沒有名牌服裝，用塑料袋做公文包，出門乘坐公共汽車。他向各地大學和醫院捐款，要求受益者保密，若向外界透露消息，停止資助。

No.6 is Chuck Feeney, his virtuous philosophy is “ Giving while living ”. He collected a lot of wealth from the duty-free brandy, perfumes and other branded goods. But he never wears any designer clothes. He uses plastic bags, and commutes on buses. He donated to numerous universities and hospitals, but require that remained anonymous, otherwise he will stop funding.

第七位是丹.普萊斯，Dan Price，他今年30歲，是美國一家公司的大股東兼CEO，他的公司幫助企業處理信用卡付款，去年交易額65億美元。普萊斯根據普林斯頓大學的研究，年薪7萬美元是人們感到幸福和成功的指標，決定把員工最低工資提到7萬美元，同時把自己100萬美元的CEO年薪降到7萬美元。他的義商思想是這樣表述的：“美國貧富差距擴大，我不斷思考這個現象，覺得時候到了，現在不解決要等什麼時候？’

No.7 is Dan Price, he is 30 years old, also a shareholder and CEO in a company. His company helps other company’s process credit card payments, and his company last year revenue was $6.5 billion dollars. Studies by Princeton university has found that people will feel comfortable with a minimum wage of 70 thousand dollars, so he decided to increase the employee minimum wages to 70 thousand dollars, and decrease his one million salary to the 70 thousand dollars. This is how he presents his philosophy: “I keep thinking about the wealth gap in America, and I think it’s time. If we don’t begin addressing this issue now, then when?”

七位義商的思想各有特色，我今天重點講沈家楨的義商思想為轉而賺。

All these 7 virtuous businessmen are unique, but today I will focus on C.T. Shen’s philosophy “Earn to Turn”.

什麼是為轉而賺？沈家楨認為，商人的天職不是為自己和家人過上奢侈生活賺錢，而是為了把錢轉移到更多人身上。如果每個商人都有這樣的天職觀，足以建成均富社會。

What is “Earn to turn”? C.T. Shen thinks the duty of businessmen is not to make money for a better life, but to share the wealth for more people. If each businessman has such a duty, we will have enough resources to build an equal and prosperous society.

沈家桢的卧室，他活了94岁，一直过着朴实生活。 何哲摄

沈家楨認為企業家做慈善應該首先面向本公司員工，這才是真慈善。他把每個員工看成10個人，想到每個員工都是上有老，下有小，要發給他們能養活10個家屬的工資才對。員工過什麼水平的日子，他也過什麼水平的日子，絕不比員工多享受。

C.T. Shen believes that real charity is donating to your employees. He looks at each employee as 10 people; because each employee has their parents and children. As a boss, you should provide enough money for your employee to support their whole family. He himself has the same living conditions as his employees, and he pursues an equal life.

沈家楨認為社會財富的一次分配，也就是企業內部的分配，遠比政府稅收的二次分配，慈善家捐款的三次分配重要得多。一次分配做好了，員工有了豐厚的工資，政府還需要救濟他家嗎？慈善家還需要救濟他家嗎？不用了。所以真正的慈善是發生在企業內部的財富一次分配。

He also believes the first distribution of social wealth is the internal distribution within the enterprise, which is much more important than the second distribution from the tax, or the third distribution from philanthropists. If we already give enough to employees in the first distribution, the employees wouldn’t need the 2^nd distribution or the 3^rd distribution to support their family. So the real charity is the first distribution within the enterprise.

有些商人非常富有，他苛刻對待員工，殘酷剝削他們，積累起龐大財富，他有時候也拿出錢搞慈善活動，美其名曰‘回饋社會’。那麼，他是義商嗎？不是。他是奸商。他做慈善的錢，實際上原本就是應該發給員工的，但是被他剝削來，充作博取慈善名聲的資金了。

Some businessmen are really wealthy, but his wealth came from exploiting their workers. He collects huge amounts of wealth and sometimes he does charity, but it is only an euphemism for giving back to society. Does this kind of businessmen belongs to virtuous businessmen? Absolutely not! He is a money shark. The money he gives out for charity is supposed be given to his employees. However, he uses this money to enhance his reputation.

幾千年來，人類社會流傳著一個錯誤觀念，認為商人的天職就是賺錢。我每次問人：‘商人的天職是什麼？’對方幾乎總是回答他兩個字‘賺錢’！沒有人認為這種觀念是錯誤的。

For thousands of years, we have a misconception that the duty of businessmen is to make money. Every time when I ask this question, the only answer is Making Money! No one thinks making money is a wrong concept.

大家都知道醫生的天職是救死扶傷，法官的天職是公平正義，警察的天職是除暴安良，官員的天職是廉潔奉公，軍人的天職是捨生忘死。大家覺得這都是天經地義的，但是沒有想一想，如果這些人說：‘既然你們商人的天職可以是賺錢，我們憑什麼不能把天職也改成賺錢？難道我們沒有賺錢發財的權利嗎？’

We all know the doctor’s duty is curing the patient，lawyer’s duty is fairness, policemen duty is fighting crime,  the government officer’s duty is integrity, the soldier’s duty is to protect the country. It is really reasonable, however, if these people were to say: the duty of businessmen is making money, so why don’t we change our duty to making money? Don’t we have the right to be rich?

試想，他們一旦把自己的天職都改成賺錢，那麼醫生就要收紅包，不給紅包，就讓病人死在過道里；法官要收賄賂，給得少了，判犯人死刑；警察也要收賄賂，否則安個罪名，把你抓進牢房；官員更要收賄賂，否則迫害你全家；軍人打仗之前，先把錢撈足了，一個大軍區司令職位賣到2000萬元人民幣。天職觀錯亂了，這個社會就腐敗墮落了。如今我們看到的種種腐敗現象，就是天職觀錯亂的表現。

Just imagine, once everyone change their duty to making money, the doctor will require the extra money from patient, if you don’t have money, you will die in the hospital; if lawyers require the bribes, if you pay less, you will prisoner to your death; if policemen require money, otherwise you will be in jail; if officer require for money, otherwise he will persecute your family; if a soldiers will get enough money before go to the fight, maybe you don’t know, a regional commander position can be sold for 3 million dollars. When people confused about their duty, this society is corrupt. Now we can see a variety of corruption in this world. The main reason is people misunderstand their duty.

沈家楨創造的義商思想為轉而賺，為商人提供了正確的天職觀，把商人提高到一個新境界。這是沈家楨對人類社會的一大貢獻，隨著義商思想的傳播，為轉而賺的天職觀一定會獲得愈來愈多的商人認同。

C.T. Shen creates the virtuous business philosophy earn to turn. He provides a correct duty concept for businessmen; also improve businessmen to a new level. This is a great contribution he brings to our society. With the spread of virtuous business ideal, more and more people will agree with his philosophy: earn to turn.

我自從2000年在紐約出版《沈家楨傳》，15年來一直在傳播沈家楨的義商思想。我很高興地看到，世界上第一家公開把義商思想為轉而賺作為公司理念的企業是香港寶石集團。今天我們在義商沈家楨創造五大湖航运奇迹的巴發羅相聚，表明一個宏偉事業正在開始。衷心祝願香港寶石集團的義商團隊日益壯大，業務遍及世界，以十億、百億、千億、萬億的規模發展，引領全世界商人進入義商境界。

Since I published the C.T. Shen biography 2000 at NY, I’ve been trying to spread his virtuous business philosophy. I am really glad to see the first company use C.T. Shen’s virtuous business conduct as the company philosophy –Hong Kong Gemstone Group. Today we gather in Buffalo, where C.T.Shen created the great lakes shipping miracle. This indicates a good beginning. I sincerely wish the Hong Kong Gemstone Group will grow fast, and conduct business all around the world, with a continued success in millions, billions, and trillions. Last but not least, Hong Kong Gemstone Group will lead all businessmen in the world to create a real virtuous business society.

謝謝各位。

Thank you.