畜生，性鲁钝，不能自立，只能被畜养于人类（如插图12.1.2-21，23，24），故得此名，如禽兽鱼虫等。作恶业愚痴多之众生感生此道。在三恶道中，畜生趣亦作血途，谓畜生之类互相撕咬、吞食。作中品十恶者，感此道生。此处约境、约心、约事来辨别畜生趣。

（一）境中品者，如杀鬼畜，盗鬼畜物等。

Livestock, reckless dull in nature, unable to live on their own, can only be raised by humans (as shown in Illustration 12.1.2-21, 23, 24), hence the name, such as fowl, beast, fish, insect, etc. Sentient beings who have done ferocious karma and have many fools are inductively born on this path. Among the three evil paths, Livestock interest is path of blood, that is, livestock and the like bite and devour each other. The middle grade of ten ferocities give birth to this interest, here, associating with environment, with heart, and with affair to distinguish the livestock interest.

(1) The middle grade of ferocious environments, are such as killing ghost and livestock, stealing ghosts’ and livestock’s properties, etc.

（二）心中品者，烦恼不轻，亦不极猛利等。

（三）事中品者，或作再三等。

以要言之，杂从见爱烦恼所发恶业，名为中品十恶，故是畜生因。爱的第一分（参见10.1 法的四分）是贪，爱烦恼泛指一切思惑（参见13.3《烦恼的数》中的81品思惑）。

(2) Middle grade of ferocious heart, has annoyances not light, nor is extremely fierce and sharp, etc.

(3) Middle grade of ferocious affair, or do it again, repeatedly, etc.

In brief, the evil karma randomly arising from the love vexation is called the ten ferocities of the middle grade and is therefore the cause of the livestock. The first juristic quadrant (see section 10.1 Juristic Quadrants) of love is greed, and the love annoyance generalizes to all the mean muddles (see section 13.3 for the significances of mean muddle).

畜生趣遍在诸处，两足四足，多足无足，水陆空行，互相吞啖。此道有情多愚痴贪欲。种类至繁，无量无数，兹约数义以括之：

（一）就形言，有披毛戴角鳞甲等之别。

Livestock interests are everywhere, with two legs, four legs, multi legs and legless, moving on land in water and in air, devouring each other. Sentients in this path are foolish, ignorant, and greedy. The variety is extremely numerous, immeasurable, and innumerable, and the approximate categories are summarized here:

First, in terms of form, there are differences among wearing hairs, horns, and scale armors.

（二）就依处言，有水陆空行等之别。

（三）就陆地言，重者土内，中者山林，轻者人所畜养。

（四）就昼夜言，谓昼行、夜行、昼夜行者。

Second, in terms of reliant place, there are differences such as moving in water, on land, and in air, etc.

Third, in terms of land, the heavy one is in the soil, the middle one is in the mountains and forests, and the light one is raised by people.

Fourth, as far as day and night are concerned, they are called day walkers, night walkers, and day and night walkers.

（五）就强弱言，强者伏弱，饮血啖肉，互相吞啖，怖畏百端。

（六）就寿命言，寿限多无定限，其极长者，可达一劫。

（七）就胜劣言，虽属旁生，由福德力，或为龙王、狮子王、金翅鸟王等。

Fifth, as far as the strong and the weak are concerned, the strong conquers the weak, drinks blood and eats flesh, devours each other, horribly fearsome in many ways.

Sixth, as far as the lifespans are concerned, their lifespans are uncertain, and those who are extremely long have a catastrophe.

Seventh, as far as superiority and inferiority are concerned, although they belong to side born creatures, due to fortunate virtuous power, they may be dragon kings, lion kings, golden eagle kings, etc.

（八）就生出言，有胎生、卵生、湿生、化生等。

（九）就趣报言， 此道遍于六道（即六趣）。

Eighth, as far as birth is concerned, there are womb birth, egg birth, wet birth, conversion birth, etc.

Ninth, as far as interest compensations are concerned, this path is pervasive in the six paths, which are hell path, livestock path, hungry ghost path, asura path, human path, and sky path.

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