畜生，性魯鈍，不能自立，只能被畜養於人類（如插圖12.1.2-21，23，24），故得此名，如禽獸魚蟲等。作惡業愚痴多之眾生感生此道。在三惡道中，畜生趣亦作血途，謂畜生之類互相撕咬、吞食。作中品十惡者，感此道生。此處約境、約心、約事來辨別畜生趣。

（一）境中品者，如殺鬼畜，盜鬼畜物等。

Livestock, reckless dull in nature, unable to live on their own, can only be raised by humans (as shown in Illustration 12.1.2-21, 23, 24), hence the name, such as fowl, beast, fish, insect, etc. Sentient beings who have done ferocious karma and have many fools are inductively born on this path. Among the three evil paths, Livestock interest is path of blood, that is, livestock and the like bite and devour each other. The middle grade of ten ferocities give birth to this interest, here, associating with environment, with heart, and with affair to distinguish the livestock interest.

(1) The middle grade of ferocious environments, are such as killing ghost and livestock, stealing ghosts’ and livestock’s properties, etc.

（二）心中品者，煩惱不輕，亦不極猛利等。

（三）事中品者，或作再三等。

以要言之，雜從見愛煩惱所發惡業，名為中品十惡，故是畜生因。愛的第一分（參見10.1 法的四分）是貪，愛煩惱泛指一切思惑（參見13.3《煩惱的數》中的81品思惑）。

(2) Middle grade of ferocious heart, has annoyances not light, nor is extremely fierce and sharp, etc.

(3) Middle grade of ferocious affair, or do it again, repeatedly, etc.

In brief, the evil karma randomly arising from the love vexation is called the ten ferocities of the middle grade and is therefore the cause of the livestock. The first juristic quadrant (see section 10.1 Juristic Quadrants) of love is greed, and the love annoyance generalizes to all the mean muddles (see section 13.3 for the significances of mean muddle).

畜生趣遍在諸處，兩足四足，多足無足，水陸空行，互相吞啖。此道有情多愚痴貪慾。種類至繁，無量無數，茲約數義以括之：

（一）就形言，有披毛戴角鱗甲等之別。

Livestock interests are everywhere, with two legs, four legs, multi legs and legless, moving on land in water and in air, devouring each other. Sentients in this path are foolish, ignorant, and greedy. The variety is extremely numerous, immeasurable, and innumerable, and the approximate categories are summarized here:

First, in terms of form, there are differences among wearing hairs, horns, and scale armors.

（二）就依處言，有水陸空行等之別。

（三）就陸地言，重者土內，中者山林，輕者人所畜養。

（四）就晝夜言，謂晝行、夜行、晝夜行者。

Second, in terms of reliant place, there are differences such as moving in water, on land, and in air, etc.

Third, in terms of land, the heavy one is in the soil, the middle one is in the mountains and forests, and the light one is raised by people.

Fourth, as far as day and night are concerned, they are called day walkers, night walkers, and day and night walkers.

（五）就強弱言，強者伏弱，飲血啖肉，互相吞啖，怖畏百端。

（六）就壽命言，壽限多無定限，其極長者，可達一劫。

（七）就勝劣言，雖屬旁生，由福德力，或為龍王、獅子王、金翅鳥王等。

Fifth, as far as the strong and the weak are concerned, the strong conquers the weak, drinks blood and eats flesh, devours each other, horribly fearsome in many ways.

Sixth, as far as the lifespans are concerned, their lifespans are uncertain, and those who are extremely long have a catastrophe.

Seventh, as far as superiority and inferiority are concerned, although they belong to side born creatures, due to fortunate virtuous power, they may be dragon kings, lion kings, golden eagle kings, etc.

（八）就生出言，有胎生、卵生、濕生、化生等。

（九）就趣報言， 此道遍於六道（即六趣）。

Eighth, as far as birth is concerned, there are womb birth, egg birth, wet birth, conversion birth, etc.

Ninth, as far as interest compensations are concerned, this path is pervasive in the six paths, which are hell path, livestock path, hungry ghost path, asura path, human path, and sky path.

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