【书摘】什么是深层政府 - DS？

【美】Mike Lofgren：

The Deep State: The Fall of the Constitution and the Rise of a Shadow Government【2016，336页】

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【中文译文】

深层政府【the Deep State，DS】的组成

【第34-36页】

深层政府并不是由整个政府组成。它是国家安全部门和执法机构的混合体，加上其他部门的关键部分，这些部门的角色赋予他们成员的资格。

国防部、国务院、国土安全部、中央情报局和司法部都是深层政府的一部分。

我们把财政部也算入深层政府，因为它对资金流动有管辖权，其广泛的官僚机构致力于执行国际经济制裁，以及它与华尔街有机地共生（正如我们看到的，财政部已悄然成为一种新形式的国家安全行动中心，其部分日常工作外包给美国金融机构，几乎与五角大楼将战区军队的后勤外包给承包商的方式相同）。所有这些机构都由总统行政办公室通过国家安全委员会进行协调。

司法部门的某些关键领域属于深层政府，例如外国情报监视法院【the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court】（由联邦最高法院首席法官任命），其行动甚至对大多数国会议员来说都是神秘的。这里还包括少数重要的联邦审判法院，例如弗吉尼亚东区法院和曼哈顿南区法院，在那里进行敏感的国家安全案件的诉讼。

最后的政府组成部分（可能是宪法规定的正式政府部门中的最后一部分）是一个由国会领导层和一些（但不是全部）国防和情报委员会成员组成的小部分国会。国会的其他成员，通常是少数派和党派人士，大多只是间断性地了解深层政府，必要时，他们常听到的是其代表精心挑选的几句话。

虽然政府可能对所有企业实体的愿望非常关注，但这里描述的这种政府综合体通过金钱网络、共同目标和名利与美国企业特定的且非常强大的元素更加密切地结合在一起。这些元素包括军事工业综合体、华尔街，以及——这对某些人来说可能听起来令人惊讶——硅谷（一位前 NSA 内部人士告诉我，美国间谍机构完全依赖硅谷的技术、通信骨干网和合作，硅谷企业甚至开始执行这些间谍机构的任务）。

深层政府不仅仅由政府机构组成。委婉地被称为的私营企业是其运营的一个组成部分。在《华盛顿邮报》名为“美国绝密【Top Secret America】”的特别系列中，达纳·普雷斯特 (Dana Priest) 和威廉·阿金 (William Arkin) 描述了私有的深层政府的范围及其在 9/11袭击后转移的程度。美国现在有 854,000 名获得绝密许可的合同人员——这个数字比获得许可的政府文职雇员还要多。虽然他们在全国和世界各地工作，但他们集中在华府郊区及其周边地区是毋庸置疑的：自 9/11 以来，已经建造或正在建造 33 个绝密情报设施。它们加起来占据了将近3个五角大楼的占地面积——约 1,700 万平方英尺。情报界预算的 70% 用于支付与私营公司的合同。

政府和企业人员之间是高度渗透的。这些承包商越来越多地设定华府的政治和社会基调，就像他们设定国家的方向一样；但是他们是悄悄地做这些事情的，他们的所作所为从没有记录在《国会记录【Congressional Record】》或《联邦登记录【Federal Register】》中，他们很少到国会去听证。

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【英文原文】

【page 34-36】

The Components of the Deep State

The Deep State does not consist of the entire government. It is a hybrid of national security and law enforcement agencies, plus key parts of the other branches whose roles give them membership.

The Department of Defense, the Department of State, the Department of Homeland Security, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the Justice Department are all part of the Deep State.

We also include the Department of the Treasury because of its jurisdiction over financial flows, its extensive bureaucracy devoted to enforcing international economic sanctions, and its organic symbiosis with Wall Street (as we shall see, the Treasury has quietly become the epicenter of a new form of national security operation, with some of its day-to-day execution outsourced to American financial institutions in almost the same way that the Pentagon has outsourced military logistics in war zones to contractors). All these agencies are coordinated by the Executive Office of the President via the National Security Council.

Certain key areas of the judiciary belong to the Deep State, like the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (appointed by the chief justice of the Supreme Court), whose actions are mysterious even to most members of Congress. Also included are a handful of vital federal trial courts, such as the Eastern District of Virginia and the Southern District of Manhattan, where sensitive proceedings in national security cases are conducted.

The final government component (and possibly last in precedence among the formal branches of government established by the Constitution) is a kind of rump Congress consisting of the congressional leadership and some (but not all) of the members of the Defense and Intelligence committees. The rest of Congress, normally so fractions and partisan, is mostly only intermittently aware of the Deep State and, when required, usually submits to a few well-chosen words from its emissaries.

While the government may be obsequiously attentive to the desires of all corporate entities, this governmental complex I have described is even more intimately connected by a web of money, mutual goals, and careerism to specific and very powerful elements of corporate America. These elements include the military-industrial complex, Wall Street, and - surprising as it may sound to some - Silicon Valley (one former NSA insider told me the spy agencies are completely dependent on Silicon Valley's technology, communications backbones, and cooperation to even begin perform their mission).

The Deep State does not consist only of government agencies. What is euphemistically called private enterprise is an integral part of its operations. In a special series in the《Washington Post》called "Top Secret America," Dana Priest and William Arkin described the scope of the privatized Deep State and the degree to which it has metastasized after the September 11 attacks. There are now 854,000 contract personnel with top-secret clearances - a number greater than that of cleared civilian employees of the government. While they work throughout the country and the world, their heavy concentration in and around the Washington suburbs is unmistakable: since 9/11, thirty-three facilities for top-secret intelligence have been built or are under construction. Combined, they occupy the floor space of almost three Pentagons - about 17 million square feet. Seventy percent of the intelligence community's budget goes to paying contracts with private-sector companies.

The membrane between government and industry personnel is highly permeable. These contractors increasingly set the political and social tone of Washington, just as they set the direction of the country, but they are doing it quietly, their doings unrecorded in the《Congressional Record》or the《Federal Register》, and they are rarely subject to congressional hearings.