自元月，安娜開始吃無谷蛋白食物，傈麥，小米，山藥，芋頭，土豆， 加白菜豆角綠菜花，和蘋果香蕉，這就是我全部的食譜。可喜的是原有的過敏症狀漸漸消失。可是，一兩周前，漸漸的有了新的皮疹和腸胃不調症狀。看來我真得去查腸炎症了。 那傳說中的LEAKY GUT 可能正在引起我新的過敏。真是步步驚心！希望我不必走到完全無穀物的飲食。還是從網上買了本書
Breaking the Vicious Cycle: Intestinal Health Through Diet
還有刻苦的自學成自己的保健醫生。
匯報一下今天學的課程： Dr. Glidden - Against the Grain, Why Gluten is Bad
Name (ñame，ronounced nyAH-may 發音是＂那美＂)is a root vegetable that sometimes is also called wild-yam. 這類＂山藥＂植物是薯科的植物，所以又叫薯蕷／薯芋（yam)，因為養分儲藏在塊根塊莖裡面，英語裡面叫它們tuberiferous plant （tuberous plant）塊莖植物（如土豆，芋頭、蓮藕）和tuberous root（塊根植物，如紅薯）。
Subterranean tuber of a true yam (Dioscorea sp.), the third most important tropical root crop after cassava and sweet potatoes. The venation and shiny, heart-shaped leaves of true yams are unmistakable compared to those of sweet potatoes and other root crops.
Tropical Yams Named After Dioscorides
Although rarely seen in North America, true yams (薯蕷， Dioscorea spp., Dioscoreaceae) are the third most important tropical "root" crop after cassava (木薯類，Manihot esculenta, Euphorbiaceae) and sweet potato (紅薯類，Ipomoea batatas, Convolvulaceae). This is especially true in West Africa, parts of Central America and the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands, and Southeast Asia. Other important starchy "root" crops are taro and dasheen (芋頭類，Colocasia esculenta, Araceae), the source of Polynesian poi, arrowroot (竹芋，蒟蒻薯， Maranta arundinacea, Marantaceae), and achira (蕉芋，美人蕉塊莖 Canna edulis, Cannaceae).
The true yam is about 20 percent starch and as a food is very similar to a potato. The generic name commemorates Dioscorides, the ancient Greek physician and naturalist (1st Century AD). Dioscorides authored the classic De Materia Medica, a five volume reference of several thousand plant drugs that was used for 15 centuries. The most commonly cultivated edible yams are D. rotundata and D. cayensis in Africa, D. alata and D. esculenta in Asia, and D. trifida in the New World, although many cultivated varieties are known. They are climbing perennial vines with shiny, heart-shaped leaves, arising from large underground stems that are technically called tubers rather than roots. Like a potato, the tubers can be propagated by planting sections containing the "eyes" or buds; however, harvesting them is a laborious task because the tubers are deeply buried. Dioscorea is a large genus with more than 600 species. An African species called elephant's foot or Hottentot's bread (D. elephantipes) produces a massive basal stem (caudex) weighing up to 700 pounds (318 kg). The above-ground part of this caudex resembles the shell of a tortoise; hence the common name of "turtleback plant." Like other caudiciform xerophytes (desert plants with enlarged basal stems), the vine relies on carbohydrates and moisture stored in its stem during extended periods of drought. During severe drought conditions the gigantic tuberous stems are eaten as famine food by Hottentots. Luckily for the Hottentots, the tuberous stems are thoroughly cooked because they contains toxic saponins that are broken down during the heating process. Although not a common vegetable, this plant would easily take the record of "World's Largest Vegetable." Another unusual African yam is the air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera). It has small or no subterranean tubers, but instead develops large, liver-shaped aerial tubers up to four pounds (2 kg) each. In New Guinea and Melanesia special ceremonial yams weighing over 120 pounds (54 kg) are grown to reflect the grower's status in the community. The yams are used for gifts and ritualized exchanges. A yam festival is held at harvesttime during which the tubers are covered by elaborate woven masks. There are reportedly yams in tropical Asia and the South Pacific that are much larger. In fact, there is one rather dubious, unconfirmed report of an enormous yam on the island of Pohnpei that was 10 feet (3 m) in length and weighed up to 1500 pounds (680 kg). Rumors have it that at least 10 people were required to carry it. REMEMBER THAT THIS RECORD IS UNSUBSTANTIATED AND MAY NOT BE TRUE.
List of root vegetables
A. True root Further information: root Cassava tuberous roots
Taproot (some types may incorporate substantial hypocotyl tissue) Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha) Abelmoschus moschatus (bush carrot) Beta vulgaris (beet and mangelwurzel) Brassica spp. (rutabaga and turnip) Bunium persicum (black cumin) Burdock (Arctium, family Asteraceae) Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) Celeriac - (Apium graveolens rapaceum) Daikon - East Asian radish (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) Lepidium meyenii (maca) Microseris scapigera (yam daisy) Pachyrhizus spp. (jicama and ahipa) Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) Petroselinum spp. (parsley root) Radish - (Raphanus sativus) Scorzonera hispanica (black salsify) Sium sisarum (skirret) Tragopogon spp. (salsify) Vigna lanceolata (bush potato) Tuberous root Amorphophallus glabra (Yellow lily yam) Conopodium majus (pignut or earthnut) Hornstedtia scottiana (Native ginger) Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) Ipomoea costata (desert yam) Manihot esculenta (cassava or yuca or manioc) Mirabilis extensa (mauka or chago) Psoralea esculenta (breadroot, tipsin, or prairie turnip) Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacón)
B. Root-like stem
Zamia pumila, Florida arrowroot
C. Modified plant stem Taro corms Ginger rhizomes Yam tubers Further information: plant stem
Corm Amorphophallus konjac (konjac) Colocasia esculenta (taro) Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese water chestnut) Ensete spp. (enset) Nelumbo nucifera Nymphaea spp. (waterlily) Pteridium esculentum Sagittaria spp. (arrowhead or wapatoo) Typha spp. Xanthosoma spp. (malanga, cocoyam, tannia, and other names) Rhizome Curcuma longa (turmeric) Panax ginseng (ginseng) Arthropodium spp. (rengarenga, vanilla lily, and others) Canna spp. (canna) Cordyline fruticosa (ti) Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) Nelumbo nucifera (lotus root) Typha spp. (cattail or bulrush) Zingiber officinale (ginger, galangal) Tuber Apios americana (hog potato or groundnut) Cyperus esculentus (tigernut or chufa) Dioscorea spp. (yams, ube) Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke or sunchoke) Hemerocallis spp. (daylily) Lathyrus tuberosus (earthnut pea) Oxalis tuberosa (oca or New Zealand yam) Plectranthus edulis and P. esculentus (kembili, dazo, and others) Solanum tuberosum (potato) Stachys affinis (Chinese artichoke or crosne) Tropaeolum tuberosum (mashua or añu) Ullucus tuberosus (ulluco)
