再談精神與物質的關係
我發現，即使一些堅定的政治傾向反對共產黨專制獨裁的網友，在哲學上也持有馬
克思主義共產黨的所宣傳的“唯物主義”哲學世界觀。所以我認為有必要再作澄清，
使他們認識到“系統性”的重要。既，不能只反“貪官”，不反“皇帝”，五十步
笑百步。因為這樣作，本質上是自相矛盾，邏輯混亂。
首先定義物質與精神。物質，指一切在時空中，可以經人的感覺器官感受的東西。
精神，指一切 - 不限於人的認知 - 關於規則，規律，道理或數學公式，邏輯公式
所表示的抽象。
這裡先介紹對“唯物主義”的批評信息(維基百科)(讀者如不懂英文可用古狗自動翻
譯)：
1) 現在還信奉唯物主義的哲學家有多少？
“The professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame Alvin Plantinga
criticises it, and the Emiritus Regius Professor of Divinity Keith Ward
suggests that materialism is rare amongst contemporary UK philosophers:
"Looking around my philosopher colleagues in Britain, virtually all of whom
I know at least from their published work, I would say that very few of
them are materialists."[20]”
2) 為什麼這麼少人還繼續相信唯物主義，既唯物主義的問題在哪裡？
“Then came our Quantum theory, which totally transformed our image of matter.
The old assumption that the microscopic world of atoms was simply a scaled-down
version of the everyday world had to be abandoned. Newton's deterministic
machine was replaced by a shadowy and paradoxical conjunction of waves and
particles, governed by the laws of chance, rather than the rigid rules of
causality. An extension of the quantum theory goes beyond even this; it
paints a picture in which solid matter dissolves away, to be replaced by
weird excitations and vibrations of invisible field energy. Quantum physics
undermines materialism because it reveals that matter has far less 'substance'
than we might believe. But another development goes even further by demolishing
Newton's image of matter as inert lumps. This development is the theory
of chaos, which has recently gained widespread attention.
ù Paul Davies and John Gribbin, 'The Matter Myth', Chapter 1”
3) 宗教界對唯物主義的批評：
“Religious and spiritual objections
According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, materialism denies the existence
of both deities and "souls."[21] It is therefore incompatible with most
world religions including Christianity, Judaism and Islam. In most of Hinduism
and transcendentalism, all matter is believed to be an illusion called Maya,
blinding us from knowing the truth. Maya is the limited, purely physical
and mental reality in which our everyday consciousness has become entangled.
Maya gets destroyed for a person when they perceive Brahman with transcendental
knowledge. In contrast, Joseph Smith, the first president of the LDS Church,
claimed "There is no such thing as immaterial matter,". "All spirit is matter,
but it is more fine or pure, and can only be discerned by purer eyes; We
cannot see it; but when our bodies are purified we shall see that it is
all matter."[22] This spirit element has always existed; it is co-eternal
with God. (Teachings, pp. 352ǔ354.) It is also called intelligence or the
light of truth, which like all observable matter "was not created or made,
neither indeed can be."[23]”
4) 哲學上唯物主義的困境：
“Kant argued against all three forms of materialism, subjective idealism
(which he contrasts with his "transcendental idealism"[24]) and dualism.[25]
However, Kant also argues that change and time require an enduring substrate,
[26] and does so in connection with his Refutation of Idealism.[27] Postmodern/
poststructuralist thinkers also express a skepticism about any all-encompassing
metaphysical scheme. Philosopher Mary Midgley,[28] among others,[29][30][31][32]
argues that materialism is a self-refuting idea, at least in its eliminative
form.”
唯物主義，從歷史發展來看，源於最早的希臘哲學家如泰勒斯等，試圖找到一種人
類周圍世界的物質來解釋世界，因為人類看到一些物質來源於另外一些物質，所以
需要追求最基本最小的物質，來解釋其他物質的變化。但量子力學的發展，已經將
人類這種最古老的想法徹底摧毀了。一百多年來的量子力學發展已經告訴人類，世
界根本不存在一種最小，永恆的物質：所以“物質的概念被自然科學融化”了。這
是“經驗”，既“偶然性”的證據證明。
什麼是“唯物主義是世界本質”命題錯誤，所需的邏輯證明呢？證明如下：
(1) 如果世界存在着一種“最終的物質”，它一定是“最小”而且沒有變化。
(2) 但如果存在這樣的物質(1)，它必需存在於精神以前，而且，它必然能夠產生精
神，如人類。
(3) 如果(2)是真的，這樣的結果不可能是一種機遇的結果，這樣的結果一定是事先
的“設計”所導致。
(4) 因此(3)和(1)自相矛盾，所以“唯物主義是世界本質”的命題不成立。
(5) 如果唯物主義是錯的，唯心主義是必然是真理 - 二者必居其一。
(6) 所以世界的本質是精神，不是物質。
證畢。
