ZT自：http://svan.ca/police-rights/

（不好意思，英文版的。文末附上谷歌翻譯版的，錯誤不少，僅供參考）

A Citizen’s Guide to Rights When Dealing With Police (in Canada)

svan.ca : Police rights

Know your rights

When dealing with the police, it is important to know what your rights are. This document will provide you with information about what you must do, what you do not have to do, and what you may wish to do in situations involving the police.

This pamphlet contains general information only. It is not a substitute for legal advice and is not intended to replace legal advice from a qualified lawyer. Persons seeking legal advice or guidance with a particular problem should consult with a qualified lawyer.

What if I am stopped by the police?

Police officers can stop you under three general circumstances:

• If they suspect that you have committed a crime

• If they see you committing a crime

• If you are driving

If the police do not arrest you or if they do not have grounds to detain you, they must let you be on your way. To find out if you are under arrest or detention, politely ask the officers, “Am I under arrest?” If they say yes, you can ask why. Alternatively, you may ask the officer “Am I free to go?”, and if the answer is no, ask “why not?”

Do I have to answer their questions?

The police are allowed to approach you and ask you questions. In most cases, you do not have to answer their questions if you don’t want to. However, it is always a good idea to be polite.

If you have been involved in a car accident, and the police ask you questions about the accident, you could be charged with an offence if you do not provide any answers.

If you are detained by the police, they must inform you that you can talk with a lawyer and provide you with an opportunity to do so. It may be a good idea to not answer questions from the police until you have spoken with a lawyer.

Anything you say to the police could be used as evidence in court. Under some circumstances, statements that you are required by law to provide, such as accident reports, cannot be used against you, but this rule is not absolute.

What if the police ask who I am?

If stopped by the police, they will likely ask for your name and address. They may also ask you for identification. In most cases, you are not required to provide this information.

However, if you lie about your name or address you may be charged with obstructing justice or obstructing the police.

If you are stopped while driving, the police may ask to see your driver’s licence, car registration and insurance. You are required to provide this information, and if you fail to do so you may be charged with an offence.

If you are riding a bicycle, and the police see you commit an offence (such as failing to stop at a red light), they can stop you.6 If asked, you must provide your name and address to the police in these circumstances. They can arrest you if you refuse to do so.

What if I am stopped by the police while driving?

The police can stop cars at any time to determine if a driver has consumed alcohol or drugs, to see whether a car is mechanically fit, to check whether a driver has a valid licence, or to make sure a driver has insurance. The police may also stop your car if they suspect that you have committed a driving offence.

If the police ask to see your driver’s licence, car registration and insurance, you are required by law to produce these documents. If any of these documents are in the glove compartment, tell the officer that you are reaching for the document before doing so.

Can the police check to see if I have been drinking alcohol?

If the police suspect that you have been drinking alcohol, they can make you do a roadside breath test. They can also ask you to do a physical sobriety test, such as walking in a straight line, on the side of the road.12 You do not have a right to speak to a lawyer before taking a roadside test.

If the police have reasonable grounds to suspect that you have more alcohol in your blood than the legal limit, or that your ability to drive has been affected by alcohol, they can take you to the police station to do a breath test, sometimes called a “breathalyzer test”. You do have the right to speak to a lawyer before taking a breath test at a police station.

Can the police search my car?

If your car has been stopped by the police to check your sobriety, the mechanical condition of the car, or your licence, registration or insurance, the police cannot search your car. They are, however, allowed to look in the windows of your car, and may use a flashlight to do this if it is nighttime.

The police are only allowed to search your car if they have reasonable and probable grounds to believe that there are illegal drugs or alcohol or evidence relating to the commission of a crime in the car. They must also believe that the evidence, drugs or alcohol would be removed or destroyed if they were to get a search warrant.

When can the police search me?

In most cases, the police can only search you only if you have been placed under arrest or if you have consented to the search. However, there are exceptions. These include:

• If the police find you in a place where they are searching for drugs, and they have reason to believe that you have drugs.

• The police find you in a vehicle where people are transporting or drinking alcohol illegally, and they believe that you have alcohol.

• The police believe that you have an illegal weapon or one that was used to commit a crime, and suspect that it might be removed or destroyed in the time it would take to get a search warrant.

If the police search you for any of these reasons, you must allow the search. If you believe that you have been wrongly searched, tell the police that you object to the search, and speak to a lawyer afterwards about your concerns.

If the police search you in relation to one offence, and find evidence that you may have committed another offence, you can be charged in relation to the second offence.

For example, if they search you on suspicion of having drugs, but find an illegal weapon, you can be charged with possession of the illegal weapon.

What if I am detained?

The police have a right to briefly detain you if they are investigating a crime and have reasonable grounds to believe that you are connected to that crime. This type of detention is different from being placed under arrest.

If you have been detained but not arrested, and a police officer believes that there are reasonable grounds to think that his safety or the safety of others is at risk, the officer may do a “pat-down” search of you to check for weapons.

If you are being detained, you do not have to answer any questions posed by the police.

What if I am arrested?

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is part of Canada’s constitution, sets out the rights that individuals have when they have been arrested.

If you are placed under arrest, the police may search you, your clothes and anything you are carrying. They can also search your “immediate surroundings”, which could include your car if that is where you are arrested.

The police are allowed to search you after you have been arrested as long as they believe that the search is necessary for the safety of the police and the public, to protect evidence from destruction, or to discover evidence that may relate to your guilt or innocence.

Will the police tell me why I am under arrest?

You have the right to be informed promptly of the reason for your arrest. If you are unsure, you should politely ask the police officer why you are being arrested.

Do I have to speak to the police if I am arrested?

If you are arrested, you have the right to remain silent. This means that you do not have to answer any questions asked by the police.

Can I speak to a lawyer?

Once you are arrested, you have a right to speak to a lawyer, and the police must advise you of this right as soon as possible. The police must also tell you about Legal Aid and your right to free legal services.

If you wish to contact a lawyer, the police must provide you with a telephone. They must also allow you to make more than one phone call in order to reach a lawyer, if necessary. The police must also stop questioning you until you have been given an opportunity to contact a lawyer. You have the right to speak to a lawyer in private.

Once you have spoken to your lawyer, the police may continue to ask you questions. You do not have to answer these questions.

What if the police come to my home?

The police are allowed to come to your home to talk to you, but you are not generally required to answer their questions or grant them access to your home.

When can the police enter my home?

There are a number of circumstances in which the police are allowed to enter your home. These include:

• The police have a warrant to enter your home to arrest someone

• The police have a search warrant

• The police have permission from you or someone else in authority in your home

• There are urgent circumstances that require the police to enter your home

The police may also enter your home if they suspect that a crime has been committed in relation to property in your home. In this case, the suspected criminal activity must have been committed against you, not by you.

What are my rights if the police have a warrant?

A search warrant allows the police to search your home and take certain items that they find. Police are allowed to take items that you are not legally allowed to have, such as illegal drugs, or items that may be evidence of an offence. If the police take something that was legally in your possession, they are generally required to return it to you within 3 months. If it is not returned to you, contact the police.

If the police come to your home with a search warrant, they must identify themselves and ask permission to come in. If they have a valid search warrant, you must let them in. If you refuse, they may enter your home without permission. If you try to prevent them from coming into your home, you may be charged with obstructing the police.

In most cases, the police must also show you a copy of the warrant. If they do not offer to show you the warrant, you can ask them to see it. Make sure that the information on the warrant is correct. For example, check that the correct name and address are listed and see if there are any time limits about when the police can use the warrant.

The police are expected to act reasonably in their search. This means that they are not allowed to use excessive force or damage property for no reason.

In what urgent circumstances can the police enter my home?

The police can enter your home without your permission in the following urgent circumstances:

• A 911 call has been made from your home, and the police believe that entry is necessary to prevent death or serious injury.

• Where the police believe that someone in the home is in need of emergency services.

• To help someone who has reported a domestic assault to safely remove their belongings.

• To protect people from injury if the police suspect that there is a drug laboratory in the home.

Originally distributed by the Canadian Civil Liberties Association in a slightly useless PDF format.

公民權利指南：在加國如何應對警察(ZT)

知道你的權益

在與警方打交道，重要的是要知道自己的權利是什麼。本文將為你提供關於你必須做什麼樣的信息，你不必做什麼，你可能希望在涉及警察的情況下該怎麼做。

這本小冊子只包含一般信息。這不是法律建議的替代品，不是為了一個合格的律師代替法律意見。尋求法律意見或指導與一個特定問題的人員應具有專業資格的諮詢律師。

如果我被警察攔下什麼？

警察可以在三個一般情況下阻止你：

• 如果他們懷疑你犯了罪

• 如果他們看到你犯了罪

• 如果你駕駛

如果警方不逮捕你，或者他們沒有理由扣留你，他們必須讓你用自己的方式(自主離開-博主注）。要了解，如果你是在逮捕或拘留，禮貌地詢問有關人員，“難道我被逮捕了？”如果他們說是的，你可以問為什麼。或者，你可能會問有關人員：“我是可以走了？”如果答案是否定的，問：“為什麼不呢？”

我一定要回答他們的問題？

警察被允許接近你，問你問題。在大多數情況下，你不必回答他們的問題，如果你不想。然而，它始終是要有禮貌一個好主意。

如果您一直在參與一場車禍，警察問你關於事故的問題，您可以用進攻來收取，如果你不提供任何答案。

如果您被警方拘留，他們一定會告訴你，你可以與律師交談，並為您提供一個機會，這樣做。這可能是一個好主意，直到你跟律師談過，不回答警方的問題。

你對警察說什麼，可作為法庭證據。在某些情況下，你必須依法報表提供，如事故報告，不能被用來對付你，但這個規則也不是絕對的。

如果警察問我是誰？

如果被警察攔下，他們可能會問你的姓名和地址。他們也可能要求你鑑別。在大多數情況下，你是不是要求提供這些信息。

但是，如果你撒謊，你的名字或地址，你可能會被控妨礙司法公正或阻礙警察。

如果你停止一邊開車，警方可要求查看您的駕駛執照，車輛登記和保險。您需要提供這些信息，如果你不這樣做，你可以用進攻進行充電。

如果你是騎自行車，警察看到你犯的罪行（如沒有停在紅燈），他們可以停止you.6如果問，你必須在這些情況下，警方提供您的姓名和地址。如果你拒絕這樣做，他們可以逮捕你。

如果我被警察開車時停止了怎麼辦？

警察可以隨時停下車來確定是否駕駛員已經消耗酒精或藥物，看車是否適合機械，檢查司機是否有有效的許可證，或者以確保驅動程序有保險。警方還會停止在您的車，如果他們懷疑你犯駕駛罪行。

如果警察要求查看您的駕駛執照，汽車登記和保險，則需要由法律來產生這些文件。如果任何這些文件都在手套箱，告訴你這樣做之前到達文檔的官員。

警方可以檢查，看看是否我一直喝酒？

如果警察懷疑你已飲酒，它們可以讓你做一個路邊酒精測試。他們還可以要求你做一個物理清醒測試，如走在一條直線上，在road.12側面您不必採取路旁測試之前，律師話語權。

如果警察有合理理由懷疑你在你的血液超過法定限度有更多的酒，或者說你的駕駛能力已受到酒精，他們可以帶你到派出所做了呼氣測試，有時也被稱為“酒精測試”。你必須採取呼氣測醉試驗在警察局前律師話語權。

警方可以搜索我的車？

如果你的車已經停在警察檢查你的清醒，汽車的機械狀態，或者您的許可，登記，保險，警方無法搜索你的車。他們，然而，讓您的汽車的窗戶看，並可以使用手電筒這樣做，如果是夜間。

警方只允許搜索你的車，如果他們有合理及可能的理由相信，有關於在車上犯罪的非法毒品或酒精或證據。他們還必須相信證據，藥物或酒精將被刪除或如果他們得到搜查證破壞。

警方當可以搜索我嗎？

在大多數情況下，警方只能搜索你只有你已被逮捕，或者如果您已同意搜索。不過，也有例外。這些包括：

如果警察發現你在他們正在搜查毒品的地方，他們有理由相信，你有藥。

警察發現你在那裡的人們運送或者非法飲酒的車輛，他們認為你有酒精。

警方相信，你有非法武器或用於犯罪的，並懷疑它可能會被刪除或者它會採取獲得搜查令的時候銷毀。

如果警察搜索你任何的這些原因，你必須允許搜索。如果你認為你被錯誤地搜索，告訴你反對搜警察，以及您的關注與律師隨後發言。

如果警察搜索，你就一項罪行，並找到證據，你可能犯了另一項罪行，可相對於第二次進攻不收取費用。

舉例來說，如果他們尋找你有毒品的嫌疑，卻發現非法武器，你可被控以藏有非法武器。

如果我被扣留？

警方不得不短暫扣留你，如果他們正在調查犯罪，並有合理理由相信您已連接到犯罪的權利。這種類型的拘留是被劃歸逮捕的不同。

如果你已被拘留，但沒有被捕，和一名警官認為，有合理理由認為他的安全或他人的安全受到威脅，有關人員可能會做一個“搜身”搜索您檢查武器。

如果您被拘留，你不必回答警方提出的任何問題。

如果我被捕？

權利和自由加拿大憲章，這是加拿大憲法的一部分，規定了，當他們被逮捕的個人擁有的權利。

如果你被逮捕，警方可以搜索你，你的衣服和任何你攜帶。他們還可以搜索你的“周圍環境”，其中可能包括你的車，如果這是你在哪裡被捕。

警察被允許搜索你，你一直在，只要他們認為搜索是必要的警察和公眾的安全，保護證據銷毀，或者發現的證據表明，可能涉及到你的有罪或無罪逮捕後， 。

警方會告訴我為什麼我被逮捕？

您有權及時為您逮捕的原因告知。如果你不確定，你應該禮貌地詢問警察，為什麼你被逮捕。

我有，如果我被捕的警察說話？

如果你被捕，你有權保持沉默的權利。這意味着，你不必回答警察提出的任何問題。

我可以請律師說話？

一旦你被逮捕，你要說話，律師的權利，警方必須儘快通知您的這種權利越好。警方還必須告訴你關於法律援助與您的權利，免費法律服務。

如果你想與律師聯繫，警方必須向您提供一個電話。他們還必須讓你做出一個以上的電話，以便在必要時達成的律師。警方也必須停止質疑你，直到你被給予機會接觸律師。你必須說話，在私人律師的權利。

一旦你說你的律師，警察可能會繼續問你的問題。你不必回答這些問題。

如果警察來我家怎麼辦？

警察被允許來你家和你說話，但你通常不需要回答他們的問題或授予他們訪問你的家。

警察當能進入我的家？

有許多，其中警察被允許進入你的家的情況。這些包括：

• 警察有搜查令進入你的家，逮捕人

• 警察有搜查令

• 警方有權從您或某個其他權力在你的家

• 有跡象表明，要求警方進入您的家庭緊急情況下

如果他們懷疑一個犯罪的關係一直致力於財產在你的家，警方還可能進入你的家。在這種情況下，涉嫌犯罪活動必須一直致力於打擊你，不是你。

什麼是我的權利。如果警察有搜查令？

搜查令允許警方搜索你的家，並採取他們認為某些項目。警方獲准參加，你是不是在法律上不允許有物品，如毒品，或可能是罪行的證據的物品。如果警方採取的東西，在法律上在你的身上，他們一般都需要給它3個月內返還給您。如果不還給你，與警方聯絡。

如果警察來你家搜查令，他們必須確定自己並請求允許進來。如果他們有一個有效的搜查令，你必須讓他們進來。如果你拒絕，他們可以進入你的家未經許可。如果你試圖阻止他們進入你的家，你可能會被指控妨礙警察。

在大多數情況下，警方還必須證明你的手令的副本。如果他們不提供給你展示令，你可以要求他們看到它。確保對權證的信息是正確的。例如，檢查正確的名稱和地址都列，看看是否還有約當警察可以使用權證的時間限制。

警方預計將在其搜索採取合理的行動。這意味着，他們不能過度使用武力或財產損失沒有理由。

在什麼緊急情況下可以進入警察我的家？

警方可以進入你的家沒有在下列緊急情況下您的許可：

• 911電話已經從你家造的，警方認為有必要進入，以防止死亡或嚴重傷害。

• 當警方認為，有人在家裡正需要緊急服務。

• 為了幫助別人誰報告了國內襲擊安全地移除他們的財物。

• 為了保護人們免受傷害，如果警方懷疑，有在家裡的藥物實驗室。