《波茨坦公告》，又稱作《波茨坦宣言》，是1945年7月26日在波茨坦会议上美国总统哈利·S·杜鲁门、中华民国國民政府（公告英文原文為the National Government of the Republic of China）主席蔣介石和英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔联合发表的一份公告。这篇公告的主要内容是声明三国在战胜纳粹德国后一起致力于战胜日本以及履行開羅宣言等对战后对日本的处理方式的决定。有關日本戰后領土的部分如下： 八、开罗宣言之条件必将实施，而日本之主权必将限于本州，北海道，九州，四国及吾人所决定其他小岛之内. (8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.
其它小島指琉球群岛、小笠原群岛等。
1951年， 中共总理周恩来驳斥美国对琉球群岛、小笠原群岛等保有“托管权力”，指出“这些岛屿在过去任何国际协定中均未称被规定脱离日本”。 1971 年, 中華人民共和國加入聯合國，取代中華民國的席位. 1972 年, 美國政府把琉球群岛歸還日本. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Appendix 1 - The text of the Potsdam Declaration: (1) We-the President of the United States, the President of the National Government of the Republic of China, and the Prime Minister of Great Britain, representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have conferred and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end this war. (2) The prodigious land, sea and air forces of the United States, the British Empire and of China, many times reinforced by their armies and air fleets from the west, are poised to strike the final blows upon Japan. This military power is sustained and inspired by the determination of all the Allied Nations to prosecute the war against Japan until she ceases to resist. (3) The result of the futile and senseless German resistance to the might of the aroused free peoples of the world stands forth in awful clarity as an example to the people of Japan. The might that now converges on Japan is immeasurably greater than that which, when applied to the resisting Nazis, necessarily laid waste to the lands, the industry and the method of life of the whole German people. The full application of our military power, backed by our resolve, will mean the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese armed forces and just as inevitably the utter devastation of the Japanese homeland. (4) The time has come for Japan to decide whether she will continue to be controlled by those self-willed militaristic advisers whose unintelligent calculations have brought the Empire of Japan to the threshold of annihilation, or whether she will follow the path of reason. (5) Following are our terms. We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives. We shall brook no delay. (6) There must be eliminated for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest, for we insist that a new order of peace, security and justice will be impossible until irresponsible militarism is driven from the world. (7) Until such a new order is established and until there is convincing proof that Japan's war-making power is destroyed, points in Japanese territory to be designated by the Allies shall be occupied to secure the achievement of the basic objectives we are here setting forth. (8) The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine. (9) The Japanese military forces, after being completely disarmed, shall be permitted to return to their homes with the opportunity to lead peaceful and productive lives. (10) We do not intend that the Japanese shall be enslaved as a race or destroyed as a nation, but stern justice shall be meted out to all war criminals, including those who have visited cruelties upon our prisoners. The Japanese Government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people. Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established. (11) Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as will sustain her economy and permit the exaction of just reparations in kind, but not those which would enable her to re-arm for war. To this end, access to, as distinguished from control of, raw materials shall be permitted. Eventual Japanese participation in world trade relations shall be permitted. (12) The occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished and there has been established in accordance with the freely expressed will of the Japanese people a peacefully inclined and responsible government. (13) We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.
Appendix 2 波茨坦公告 一、余等，美国总统，中国国民政府主席及英国首相，代表余等亿万国民，业经会商，并同意对日本应予以一机会，以结束此次战事。 二、美国英帝国及中国之庞大陆海空部队，业已增强多倍，其由西方调来之军队及空军，即将予日本以最后之打击，彼等之武力受所有联合国之决心之支持及鼓励，对日作战，不至其停止抵抗不止。 三、德国无效果及无意识抵抗全世界激起之自由人之力量，所得之结果，彰彰在前，可为日本人民之殷鉴。此种力量当其对付抵抗之纳粹时，不得不将德国人民全体之土地，工业及其生活方式摧残殆尽。但现在集中对付日本之力量则较之更为庞大，不可衡量，吾等之军力，加以吾人之坚决意志为后盾，若予以全部实施，必将使日本军队完全毁灭。无可逃避，而日本之本土亦必终归全部残毁。 四、现时业已到来，日本必须决定一途。其将继续受其一意孤行计算错误，使日本帝国已陷于完全毁灭之境之军人之统制？抑或走向理智之路？ 五、以下为吾人之条件，吾人决不更改，亦无其他另一方式。犹豫迁延，更为吾人所不容许。 六、欺骗及错误领导日本人民使其妄欲征服世界者之威权及势力，必须永久剔除，盖吾人坚持非将负责之穷兵黩武主义驱出世界，则和平安全及正义之新秩序势不可能。 七、直至如此之新秩序成立时及直至日本制造战争之力量业已毁灭有确实可信之证据时，日本领土经盟国之指定必须占领，俾吾人在此陈述之基本目的得以完成。 八、开罗宣言之条件必将实施，而日本之主权必将限于本州，北海道，九州，四国及吾人所决定其他小岛之内。 九、日本军队在完全解除武装以后，将被允许返其家乡将有和平及生产生活之机会。 十、吾人无意奴役日本民族或消灭其国家，但对于战罪人犯，包括虐待吾人俘虏者在内，将处以法律之裁判。日本政府必须将阻止日本人民民主趋势之复兴及增强之所有障碍予以消除，言论，宗教及思想自由，以及对于基本人权之重视必须成立。 十一、日本将被许维持其经济所必需及可以偿付货物赔款之工业，但可以使其重新武装作战之工业不在其内，为此目的，可准其获得原料，以别于统制原料，日本最后参加国际贸易关系当可准许。 十二、上述目的达到及依据日本人民自由表示之意志，成立一倾向和平及负责之政府后，同盟国占领军队当即撤退。 十三、吾人通告日本政府立即宣布所有日本武装部队无条件投降，并对此种行动有意实行，予以适当之各项保证。除此一途，日本即将迅速完全毁灭。 Appendix 3: 中共對釣魚島主權的聲明 第一篇：《琉球群岛人民反对美国占领的斗争》 人民日報 1958。08.19。 琉球群岛散布在我国台湾东北和日本九洲岛西南之间的海面上，包括尖阁诸岛、先岛诸岛、大东诸岛、冲绳诸岛、大岛诸岛、土噶喇诸岛、大隅诸岛等七组岛屿，每组都有许多大小岛屿，总计共有五十个以上有名称的岛屿和四百多个无名小岛，全部陆地面积为四千六百七十平方公里。群岛中最大的岛是冲绳诸岛中的冲绳岛（即大琉球岛），面积一千二百十一平方公里；其次是大岛诸岛中的奄美大岛，面积七百三十平方公里。琉球群岛绵互达一千公里，它的内侧是我国东海，外侧就是太平洋公海。 ,,, 琉球人民反对美国变琉球为军事基地、反对美国奴役统治争取自由解放与和平的斗争不是孤立的，它是和日本人民争取独立、民主与和平的斗争分不开，也是和亚洲及太平洋区域人民以及全世界各国人民保卫和平的斗争分不开的，因而，虽然美国占领者对琉球人民实行野蛮镇压，但最后胜利必定是属于琉球人民的 第二篇：《无耻的捏造》 人民日報 1958。03。26 琉球人民反对美国变琉球为军事基地、反对美国奴役统治争取自由解放与和平的斗争不是孤立的，它是和日本人民争取独立、民主与和平的斗争分不开，也是和亚洲及太平洋区域人民以及全世界各国人民保卫和平的斗争分不开的，因而，虽然美国占领者对琉球人民实行野蛮镇压，但最后胜利必定是属于琉球人民的 周恩来总理早在1951年8月15日在“关于美英对日和约草案及旧金山会议的声明”中，在驳斥美国对琉球群岛、小笠原群岛等保有“托管权力”说法的时候，就曾指出“这些岛屿在过去任何国际协定中均未称被规定脱离日本”。中國紅十字會代表團副團長廖承志在去年訪問日本的時候，，，也曾表示中國人民支持日本人民爭取沖繩重歸日本的斗爭。我國報紙在過去的有關評論中，也一再對沖繩人民爭取生存和民主，要求把沖繩歸還日本的斗爭表示了同情和支持。 |
