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宇宙微波背景的一个牛公式。。。 2023-01-03 09:38:03

戴榕菁

上文《光子的质量》参考文献中用到了academia.com有一牛人Henry Corniere的一篇文章【】。在那篇文章中他错误地将普朗克-爱因斯坦光能公式E=hf与爱因斯坦的质能关系E=mc2合在一起得出:

hf= mc2                                                                1   

但后来发现,如果把那位牛人的这个错误与他的另一个错误合起来,却可得出一个关于宇宙背景的牛公式。他的另一个错误是令

3kT=mc2                                               2

这里的3kT是将宇宙微波射线看作是理想气体,并将微波射线的光子看作是具有6个自由度的粒子后得出的光子的动能。

如果我们将(1)与(2)合并,便可得出

hf=3kT                                                  3

Henry在文中并没有推出(3),但他的论证实际上是运用了(3)。他先用(2)得出mc2,然后再将得出的mc2带入(1)算出f来。

我不敢说他不知道他的这种操作实际上是用(1)和(2)推出了(3),因为我从他那里似乎又嗅到了之前提到过多次的那个dialect式的说好听了是大智若愚说白了是装傻的外星人的味道。

在推翻了狭义相对论之后,我们现在可以断定(1)和(2)都是错误的,因为我们现在知道E=mc2代表的是势能而不是总能量。但是,将(1)和(2)一合并,那两个式子中的错误就被抵消掉了,所得出的(3)式样则是一个不具有(1)与(2)的错误的式子。所以说,尽管Henry算出的光子质量是错的,我们却不能由此得出结论说他算出的宇宙微波频率一定是错的。

那么,他为什么可以将(1)与(2)合并呢?他给出的理由是,在广袤的太空中充满了宇宙微波背景辐射,因此可以将宇宙微波背景辐射当作理想气体,而且是具有6个自由度的粒子的理想气体。印象中我在别的地方也曾经看到过以这样的理由把宇宙微波背景辐射当作理想气体的。但是,查了一上午没找到。

先来看一下(3)式有多牛吧。我们把已知的

k=1.380649 × 10-23 m2 kg s-2 K-1

h= 6.62607015 × 10-34 m2 kg / s

T=2.72548 K

代入(3)式,便可得出:

f=170.369 x 109 Hz =             170.369 GHz  (4)

而维基解密上给出的值是 160.23 GHz。我心想是不是宇宙学界就是根据测得的宇宙微波背景的频率来用理想气体模型反推出温度T的呢?如果是那样的话,(3)能得出一个较牛的结果也就不奇怪了。但我查了半天发现所有相关的文章都声称用宇宙微波背景辐射的频率来算宇宙背景温度是一个极为复杂的过程。

这就奇怪了。Henry他怎么能就用这么一个粗糙的模型,一个粗糙的(3)式得出一个那么接近人家花费不知多少重金千辛万苦得出的结果呢?再者,目前由宇宙微波背景算出的哈勃常数与亮度观测算出的哈勃常数之间的误差已被认为是当今宇宙学的一个危机。也就是说,我们并不能肯定人家千辛万苦算出来的一定就是精确的。假如有一天人们发现Henry的结果比那些千辛万苦算出来的还要准,那就好玩了。

带着这种好奇我又去查了一下是否可以直接用Tf算哈勃常数H0,但发现没有一个简单的公式可以做到这一点。

Henry的牛公式给我们带来了这样一个问题:

为什么那样一个粗糙的几乎离谱的模型可以得出那么好的结果(我们甚至不能排除170.369就一定没有官方的160.23准确)?

另外,在对这个现象的调研过程中我想到了这样一个问题:不论是用(3)式还是NASA他们的复杂的模型,把用CMB的微波频率算出的T=2.72548 K当作宇宙温度似乎有点说不通。这是因为所谓的宇宙微波背景是一百多亿年前发出的光经过一百亿年的红移之后的频率,它既不是这一时刻从宇宙某处发出的光,也不是一百多亿年前发出的光本身,它是在距离地球一百多亿光年以外的地方在一百多亿年前发出的光发生红移之后的频率。

把这么一个什么也不是的频率拿来作为现在宇宙太空中的温度的话,我怎么觉得有些别扭呢?我在这里似乎又嗅到了狭义相对论的同时性的相对性的味道。。。。按照狭义相对论的说法,你看见的(或测量到的)就是现实发生的。按照这样的逻辑,既然我们现在测得的宇宙微波辐射频率就是这样的值,那么管它是否为一百多亿年前发出的光呢,对我们来说这就是现在的光。。。。

能这么干吗?



Corniere H. (2022). “The Great Power of Prediction from a Massive Photon Hypothesis”. Journal of Advances in Physics Vol 20 (2022) ISSN: 2347-3487. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/s/557240e651


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作者:慕容青草 留言时间:2023-01-04 07:07:09

那位Henry看来并没有我以为的那么聪明。。。在他给我的最新回复中居然没有意识到如果hf=mc^2是错的,那么3kT=mc^2也是错的。。。这我就放心了,至少他没有那位dialect那么地象外星人。。。呵呵

下面是Henry在academia给我的最新回复:

Rongqing, It is often said that good theories can be expressed with a few words and this is the case. Here is a synopsis.

Photon mass, directly calculated from the kinetic theory of gases leads, with the de Broglie Wavelength relation, to the mean frequency of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
Radiation which has been measured by satellites. This radiation along with dark matter and the missing mass of the galaxy have a common origin: a unique viscous gas composed of active and dark photons.

That's all, clear and simple. Now things can be clarified.
-- The cosmic temperature T has been measured by the satellite COBE in 1989 to 2.73K. It has been later refined with comparison with the black body curve and other more precise satellites. So, this has been established, a data put into the first formula. Speed of light is also established long ago and the result is an accurate photon mass m.
-- Same mass m is now put into the de Broglie Wavelength,
it can be done since there is a m in the d B W, and a wavelength is obtained 1.76 mm. It can then be converted to frequency and the mean frequency of the CMB is obtained.

COINCIDENCE OR MAGIC ? Forget this controversial relation hf=mc^2, not needed, but it gives identical results.
What we obtained here ? A wave generated by massive particles as de Broglie said. So it cannot come from the big bang and existence of the CMB was the main argument. There is no such thing as the big bang, forget it! It will be soon invalidated with the new images given by the JWST. When it comes there will be a need to find the origin of the CMB! No doubt photons are massive, they pervade the universe. They come in two flavors, dark or active when they compose light rays. They make up dark matter.

Notes

You said 3kT = mc^2 is incorrect. This is the first equation.
If it were incorrect, I could not have built upon it and I would have gotten a completely different CMB frequency result. We note that it is the exact same equation used for the propagation of sound waves., i.e. the Newton equation corrected by Laplace. Same equations, same output behavior.

You also note I mixed ideal gas with blackbody, two opposite extremes of ideal models. A photon gas can be a black body as well. From Wiki. "These quanta were called photons and the black-body cavity was thought of as containing a gas of photons." ...and I say a gas of photon can be ideal if the conditions are met which is the case for that gas.

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作者:慕容青草 留言时间:2023-01-03 18:36:05

用宇宙微波背景的波长来计算宇宙背景温度的理论依据好像是这样一种假设:1)在空旷的宇宙太空中,除了极少数的诸如星球这样的天体外,都是由微波背景辐射充斥着的;2)宇宙中所有地方的微波背景基本都一样。。。也就是说我们这里接受到的微波背景基本上就是宇宙任何一个地方的微波背景。


在上述两个假设下,宇宙学家可以认为如果一百多亿年前的光到了我们这里是微波,那么从其它地方(比如我们这里)在一百多年前发出的光到它们那里也基本上是差不多的微波。。。因此,用我们这里观测到的微波计算出来的温度应该基本也是其它的没有星球的空旷太空处的现在的温度。。。。


听起来似乎也有道理。。。。这与狭义相对论的同时性的相对性还是不一样的。。。。。

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作者:慕容青草 留言时间:2023-01-03 16:11:40

我在文中之所以说【因为我从他那里似乎又嗅到了之前提到过多次的那个dialect式的说好听了是大智若愚说白了是装傻的外星人的味道】是因为在他的那篇文章的讨论(https://www.academia.edu/s/557240e651)中和他的下面这段对话:

Rongqing Dai2 days ago

……

Nevertheless, we cannot use hf = mc^2 to calculate the mass of photons since E=mc^2 only accounts for potential energy while hf is for total energy. You might find the discussion on E=mc^2 at the following link: https://www.academia.edu/92650034/The_Real_Meaning_of_E_mc_2

Henri CORNIERE2 days ago

………

hf = mc^2 cannot be used to calculate the mass of the photon you have rightly pointed out. The mass of the photon has been calculated theoretically in the first place and has been put into that formula.

Rongqing Dai2 days ago

[The mass of the photon has been calculated theoretically in the first place and has been put into that formula.] It still won't work.....the equation hf = mc^2 does not hold valid.

Henri CORNIERE2 days ago

…….

Now, using hf = mc^2 for other purposes than the CMB radiation seems to be very hazardous. I agree with you, E=mc^2 has nothing to do with relativity, it was in one of Einstein's 1905 papers.

这段对话中我隐隐地感到他似乎早知道答案,故意戏弄读者。。。不知你们是否对此有同感。。。。

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