《鲁拜集》政治抒情诗选
(波斯)莪默·伽亚谟(Omar Khayyam)作
傅正明译(根 波斯文原文或参照多家英译翻译)
一.七绝
自由常在难中居,
海贝沉冤泪凝珠。
身外无财余正气,
空杯气满化屠苏。
1.(波斯文原文)
از رنج کشيدن آدمي حر
گردد
قطره چو کشد حبس صدف
در گردد
گر مال نماند سر
بماناد بجاي
پيمانه چو شد تهي دگر
پر گرد
注∶上联把贝壳深深沉落的海底喻为监狱。下联张鸿年(奥玛·海亚姆《鲁拜集》,湖南文艺出版社,2001)译为∶“虽不名一文但头脑依然完好,/ 今朝杯中无酒明日醉饮千觞。”原词 سر 本义是头脑,但有许多引申义,在不同语境中可以活译,例如 سر خلق 一语,波斯文英文词典译为 in good humour
or spirits(好气质或精神状态)。屠苏,即屠苏酒,历来说法不一。陈延之《小品方》∶“此华陀方也。元旦饮之,辟疫疠一切不正之气。”
二.七绝
四体瘦皮包骨气,
任他宰割少尘怀。
霸王成敌无 惧,
巨富为朋不索财。
2.(波斯文原文)
تا در تن توست استخوان و رگ و پی
بـی
بـاده مباش و ناله ی مطرب و نی
گـردن مـنـه ار خصم
بـود رسـتـم زال
منت مکش ار دوست بود حاتم طی
注∶原文的鲁斯塔姆·扎尔(رسـتـم زال),是伊朗古代传说中的英雄或大力士,鲁斯塔姆是武士扎尔的儿子,此处也可以解读为英雄父子,中译简化为“霸王”。哈丁台(حاتم طی)是传说中慷慨好施的阿拉伯大富豪,FitzGerald英译第一版译为Hatim Tai,名字的原意是台部落的哈丁,後来成为大富豪的代称,中译简化为“巨富”。
三.
来呀心上人,共与天神谋──
谋求他手换我手,一一纠错谬。
事事牵愁绪,处处落窠臼,
打碎金瓯重造就,灌满心仪酒!
3.(FitzGerald 99)
Ah
Love! could you and I with Him conspire
To grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire,
Would not we shatter it to bits--and then
Re-mold it nearer to the Heart's Desire!
注∶译自菲茨杰拉德《伽亚谟鲁拜集》英译本第四版
(Rubaiyat of Omar
Khayyam of Naishapur∶Fourth Edition, by Edward FitzGerald)。
四.七绝(仄韵)
为解烦忧就酒轭,
笑颜冒险寻红靥。
党人力扼小壶喉,
查禁葡萄生命血。
4.(Whinfield 21)
'Tis we who to wine's yoke our ecks
incline,
And risk our lives to gain the smiles of wine;
The henchman grasps the flagon by its throat
And squeezes out the lifeblood of the vine.
注∶译自英国波斯文学翻译家文费尔德(E.H. Whinfield)的英译本《伽亚谟鲁拜集》
(The Quatrains of Omar Khayyam)。
五.七绝
谁来禁酒发公文?
正是豪门暴饮人!
内幕拆穿无不诧,
丌杯同举送时瘟。
5.(Nicolas 180)
Wine has been prohibited, perhaps,
but it is only prohibited
according to the person who drinks
it, according
to the quantity drunk, and according
to the individual
with whom we drink it. These points
once observed,
who would drink it if not the wise?
注∶译自法国翻译家尼可拉斯 (J. B. Nicolas)的法文译本(尼可拉斯本人的英译)。
六.七绝
神主强梁技艺精,
每天撕裂丌人心。
青春热血蔷薇颊,
剑下殷红化劫尘。
6. (Anthony Weir)
Mighty God
excels in all the arts
Yet every day He
breaks unnumbered hearts.
Passionate young
breasts and cheeks of rose
He casts in ditches
and penetrates with darts.
注∶译自爱尔兰诗人安索尼·维尔译《伽亚谟四行诗》
(Some Quatrains by Omar
Khayyam, translated by Anthony Weir, Online)。
七.七绝
偶像臂膀红玉口,
新尘飞卷旧风流,
帝王脑袋朝臣手,
烧作青砖垒殿楼。
7.(Saberi 27)
The dust under
the feet of every ignorant person
Is an idol’s
hand or a beloverd’s face.
Every brick in
the battlement of a palace
Is a vizier’s
finger or a sultan’s head.
注∶译自伊拉克裔美籍作家、教育家和翻译家瑞扎·沙贝里译波斯文英文对照本《波斯千年鲁拜诗选》
(A Thousand Years of Persian
Rubaiyat: An Anthology of Quatrains from the tenth to the twentieth
century along with the original Persian,
Ibex Publishers, Inc., 2000)。
八.七绝
天降英才地妒才,
丌千义士野坟埋。
人渣此刻登王位,
贼子帮闲上玉阶。
8.
(John Leslie Garner V.7)
In Earth’s dark bosom, Myriads of Best
That she has known, disheartened in their
Quest
For Thruth, are sleeping, while the Waste of
Naught
Is throned with Those to come, and Those at
rest.
注∶译自美国作家J. L. 加纳(John Leslie Garner)的《伽亚谟诗集》
(The Strophes of
Omar Khayyam. 1888)。
九.七绝
误认昏君作救主,
错将专制称崇高。
陛下休明先罪己,
泽披百姓减官徭。
9.(Tirtha 29)
'Tis utter wrong that one should stand sublime,
And claim himself to be Dictator Prime;
Now learn, O Sire! from pupil of your eye,
See ever all, not Self at any Time.
注∶译自提塔(Swami Govinda Tirtha) 著/译波斯文英文对照本《醇美琼浆∶伽亚谟的生活和作品》
(The Nectar of Grace: Omar Khayyam's Life and Works, Allahabad: Kitabistan, 1941)。
十.七绝
愚者成堆好景观,
愚顽魔掌舞人寰,
愚人自诩聪明种,
愚气不沾即异端。
10.(McCarthy)
Behold the little crowd of fools, who hold
the
world in their hands, and who in their folly
think themselves the wisest of the wise. Vex
not yourself, for in their content they call all
men heretics who do not share their folly.
注∶译自爱尔兰作家和政治家麦卡锡(Justin Huntly McCarthy)译《伽亚谟鲁拜集》
(Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, London, D. Nutt, 1889)。
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