1942年6月捷克: 用三万布拉格公民的生命换取七位英雄的功成身退?
九十年代一天晚上,看罢央视播放的 Operation Daybreak (1975)电影, 朋友即刻打来电话说,英国这小片儿,拍得真不错啊。导演 Lewis Gilbert (1920.3.6-),即央视 English on Sunday节目中播放第一部 英语原声影片 Carve Her Name With Pride (1958) 《女英烈传》的同 一位导演,很有二战时期抵抗德军入侵的游击队情结。
《拂晓行动》的主题就是1942年5月27日,在布拉格刺杀这位高大上、 身高1.92米的38岁帅哥:
莱因哈德·特里斯坦·欧根·海德里希(德语:Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, 1904年3月7日-1942年6月4日),德国纳粹党党卫队的重要成员之一,指挥权地位仅次于 希特勒、希姆莱,而且希特勒有意培养海德里希为自己的接班人;由于行事极其残酷, 而有着“金发的野兽”、“铁石心肠的人”、“纳粹的斩首官”、“死亡的追随者”、 “纳粹魔王,“第三帝国的黑王子”等许多恐怖称号。
昨晚随意拿起一张新片蓝光影碟名为 Anthropoid 播放,完全没有意识 到这竟是四十年过后同一历史事件的重拍片。1975年那一部极为出色, 甚难超越。这一次重拍,会有哪些新亮点呢?
片头过后随着情节的缓缓展开,有两个突出的感觉,整个色彩基调就是 黄黄的、旧旧的,很有七十四年前那个时代的代入感;分明是清晰度 1080p的蓝光盘,却像画面呈现粗颗粒的DVD。几乎所有角色的英语发音、 语调,没有一句听着舒服顺耳的,全部都是斯拉夫种族人的大舌头似的 音调,字头音尾咬不清楚,极具当地居民母语的特征。而男主角之一的 演员Jamie Dornan ( 1982.5.1-), 可是来自北爱尔兰、去年主演Fifty Shades of Grey 的男主角。可见优秀演员们语言口音模仿功夫之深之 强。
另一大亮点,是这位 T.J.Centazzo 女士说的:
5.0 out of 5 starsEmotional !! By Mrs T J Centazzo on September 14, 2016
Watched this film today, I found it very emotional and I still can't stop crying !!
这样的时刻,出现在传至地下室里教堂大厅内激烈的枪声、爆炸声, 忽地戛然而止、意味着几位拼死激战的战友全部阵亡、特写镜头 长久地凝固在地下幸存者的脸上,泪水夺眶而出,慢慢地流淌下来; 出现在影片的结尾,无声地、静静地、缓缓地、意味深长的结尾。
有网友对于此片评价说:Anthropoid review: a humdrum 单调、乏味 account of an extraordinary plot https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/aug/10/anthropoid-review-humdrum-account-extraordinary-plot-heydrich
没错,前半部是这个感觉。既是重拍,想重拍出什么新意来呢?1975 年,德国演员Anton Diffring ( 20 October 1916 – 19 May 1989 ) 演绎 的海德里希将军深邃的蓝色眼神、狂傲的气场、做派,像是 George Campbell Scott ( Oct.18,1927-Sep.22,1999 )饰演的《巴顿将军》 ——巅峰之作,无人可以比拟。所以这部影片,知趣地完全避开了与 上一部片中被刺目标起居出行气派的展示一争高下,而在后半部教堂 里激烈枪战场面,时间延长了,功夫下足了,击毙的德军更多了,看 起来好是过瘾。
双方对射的情景,那是 —— 越拍越逼真、越拍越惨烈、凶狠。 重机枪扫射的威力、声响、弹着点、破坏力,真是恐怖,颇为震撼。
有位 Karl Gauss 问:
During World War II in occupied Czechoslovakia (i.e. The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia), what was the worth of 10,000,000 Koruna? Or, if not answerable in dollars, pounds, etc., does anyone know the price of goods in that state at that time.
How much did a loaf of bread cost? A man's shirt? An automobile? What did ten million Koruna buy?
I ask in order to get a better sense of the magnitude of the reward offered to help capture the assassins of Reinhard Heydrich (as recounted in the terrific book I'm now reading called HHhH). 1942年6月,德军悬赏举报缉拿刺杀海德里希刺客 10,000,000
捷克克朗,等于现在的多少美元?
Elmer J. Fudd ( Millionaire. I own a mansion and a yacht ) 回答说:
During the occupation, Germany set the value of the 1 Czech Crown at 0.10 of a German Reichmark. So the reward would be one million German Reichmarks or about $400,000 US dollars in 1941.
那么,1941年的$400,000美元,等于2015年的多少美元呢?
In 2015, the relative value of $400,000.00 from 1941 ranges from $5,070,000.00 to $55,800,000.00.
等于 US$5,070,000 至 US$55,800,000 之间。
A simple Purchasing Power Calculator would say the relative value is $6,440,000.00. This answer is obtained by multiplying $400000 by the percentage increase in the CPI from 1941 to 2015.
This may not be the best answer. The best measure of the relative value over time depends on if you are interested in comparing the cost or value of a Commodity , Income or Wealth , or a Project.
If you want to compare the value of a $400,000.00 Commodity in 1941 there are four choices. In 2015 the relative:
real price of that commodity is $6,440,000.00 real value of that commodity is $12,200,000.00 labor value of that commodity is $12,300,000.00 (using the unskilled wage) or $16,500,000.00 (using production worker compensation) income value of that commodity is $23,100,000.00
If you want to compare the value of a $400,000.00 Income or Wealth , in 1941 there are five choices. In 2015 the relative:
historic standard of living value of that income or wealth is $6,440,000.00 contemporary standard of living value of that income or wealth is $12,200,000.00 labor earnings of that commodity is $12,300,000.00 (using the unskilled wage) or $16,500,000.00 (using production worker compensation) economic status value of that income or wealth is $23,100,000.00 economic power value of that income or wealth is $55,800,000.00 https://www.measuringworth.com/uscompare/relativevalue.php
回到本文标题,德军宣称:凶手们不自首、知情人不举报刺客的话, 将报复性地任选30,000布拉格人陪葬枪毙。就此,一个与历史事实 不符、与74年之后的国人没有一毛关系的伪问题是:
Jirí Simek As Karel Curda
A member of the Out Distance group like Opálka, Curda betrayed his partners in the operation in exchange for 1 million Reichsmarks and a new German identity. After the war, he was tracked down by the Czech government and sentenced to death for treason. 假设部分参与刺杀行动、部分得知相关人员信息的这位叛徒、捷奸、 遗臭万年的抵抗战士Karel Curda,没有向盖世太保检举告密,后者 再怎么挨家挨户全城疯狂搜捕,也未搜到任何刺客行踪,进而恼羞 成怒、一天1,000、最终30天滥捕滥杀了30,000布拉格市民;而七名 抵抗战士凿通了隔墙的下水网道,成功逃出布拉格城郊,胜利返回 捷克斯洛伐克流亡政府所在地 —— 英国伦敦,七勇士功成三万尸骨 枯的话;
假设,正如片中一位抵抗战士所言,既然大功已成,为了30,000公民 免遭涂炭,我们有勇气刺杀,就应该有勇气,口含氰化钾玻璃小瓶, 从教堂地下室走出去、胸前挂牌告知德军停止屠杀、就是我们干的 然后咬碎自杀。
捷奸Karel Curda的告密,毁灭了Curda家族世代的名声,出卖了同志,成全了战友们的万世英雄、25,000百姓却因此免遭屠宰(实际最终杀戮了5,000多人)?
还是第一种假设版本理念的续延:为了除掉这个布拉格屠夫、欲存在 一千年的第三帝国元首接班人,不要说牺牲我们三万人,哪怕放大十 倍 —— 牺牲三十万捷克人民,也在所不惜?!
上述哪一种情形,更符合一个人类族群大局着眼、可以接受的社会伦理、 人性道德?
尽管为了保障捷克斯洛伐克工业区德军武器装备的军工生产不致受到影 响,就连元首阿道夫任选一万捷克人报复性枪毙的命令,都没有切实执 行:
Infuriated by Heydrich's death, Hitler ordered the arrest and execution of 10,000 randomly selected Czechs. But after consultations with Karl Hermann Frank, he tempered his response. The Czech lands were an important industrial zone for the German military, and indiscriminate killing could reduce the region's productivity.
Anthropoid Official Trailer ( 2016 ) - Movie HD
哈佛大学公开课 —— 论正义
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