总体而言，民意调查显示，如果下一任美国总统选择，将吸引全球听众，以建立一个国际联盟，以挑战中国日益增长的政治统治地位，并质疑其领导层的道德价值观。然而，调查结果毫无意义，美国将能够利用其对危机的处理来扮演领导角色。

调查显示，除中国外，在所有接受调查的国家中，公众绝大多数都认为冠状病毒是在中国首次发现的。尼日利亚的发病率最高（98％），紧随其后的是希腊和南非（97％）和西班牙（96％）。除中国外，利率最低的国家是沙特阿拉伯，其中83％认为中国对此负责，而美国（84％）。

相比之下，在中国只有52％的受访者认为在该国首次发现了冠状病毒，而在中国，只有十分之一（12％）的受访者表示他们不知道何时被问到在哪个国家首次发现该病毒。不到三分之一的受访者认为该病毒是在美国首次发现的。

大多数国家的大多数人也不相信中国政府在2019年底在该国首次发现冠状病毒时对它透明。

在英国，五分之四的受访者认为中国当局试图掩盖事实。日本（84％）紧随其后的是西班牙（82％），他们认为中国政府试图掩盖事实真相的受访者比例最高，但整个欧盟的数字相似。

公众不太确定中国是否试图惩罚最早发现该病毒的医生，但是除了希腊之外，每个接受调查的欧洲国家中的大多数人都认为中国肯定或可能试图这样做。

南非和尼日利亚的大多数人认为中国过分惩罚医生，这可能会使中国感到不安。中国经常将非洲视为其更稳定的政治支持来源之一。

许多国家（通常为五分之一）的大批人说，他们根本不知道医生是否成为袭击目标，世界卫生组织对病毒爆发的外部调查可能会探讨这个问题。

许多人还指责中国政府本来可以阻止该病毒的传播，从而指责中国政府。在英国，有67％的受访者认为，如果中国政府做出更快的反应，该病毒的国际传播是可以防止的。

对于在这场危机中发挥最大领导作用的国家，人们意见不一，但主要发现是，没有一个国家能单独获得这一殊荣。

在中国，十分之九的受访者表示，他们的政府在全球发挥了最大的领导作用。但是，这种观点几乎无法在全球范围内得到反映，欧洲的数字微不足道地赞扬了中国。

称赞中国的受访者人数包括瑞典（1％），英国（1％），德国（2％），澳大利亚（2％）和日本（3％）。在泰国和埃及，超过五分之一的国家援引中国的话，但最引人注目的发现是，很少有人能指出任何国家表现出领导才能。

少数国家称赞德国，但没有哪个国家被视为鼓舞人心的领导人。仅在尼日利亚和美国，美国领导能力就超过了五分之一。

Overall, the poll suggests there is a receptive global audience for the next US president, if he chooses, to construct an international alliance to challenge China’s growing political dominance, and to question the moral values of its leadership. There is no sense in the findings, however, that the US would be able to exploit its handling of the crisis to take on that leadership role.

The survey shows that in every country surveyed, apart from China, the public overwhelmingly believe that coronavirus was first detected in China. Nigeria had the highest rate (98%), closely followed by Greece and South Africa (97%) and Spain (96%). The countries with the lowest rates, apart from China, were Saudi Arabia, where 83% thought China was responsible, and the US (84%).

By contrast, only 52% of respondents in China believe that coronavirus was first detected in the country and just over one in 10 (12%) of respondents in China said they did not know when asked in which country the virus was first detected. Just under a third of these respondents believe the virus was first detected in the US.

Majorities in most countries also do not believe the Chinese government was transparent about coronavirus when it was first detected in the country at the end of 2019.

In Great Britain, four in five respondents believe that the Chinese authorities tried to hide the truth. Japan (84%) followed by Spain (82%) has the highest rate of respondents who believe the Chinese authorities tried to hide the truth, but the numbers are similar through the EU.

The public is less certain whether China sought to punish the doctors that first detected the virus, but majorities in every European country surveyed, save Greece, think China either definitely or probably sought to do so.

China will likely be disturbed that majorities in South Africa and Nigeria thought the country went to the extreme of punishing doctors. China has often regarded Africa as one of its more stable sources of political support.

Large numbers in many countries, often a fifth, say they simply do not know if doctors were targeted, an issue that is likely to be explored by the World Health Organization’s external inquiry into the virus outbreak.

Many also blame the Chinese government by saying it could have prevented the spread of the virus. In Great Britain, 67% of respondents believe that the international spread of the virus could have been prevented if the Chinese government had responded more quickly.

Opinion is divided about the country that has shown the most global leadership in the crisis, but the predominant finding is that no single country is singled out for this accolade.

Within China, nearly nine out of 10 respondents claim their government has shown the most global leadership. However, this view is hardly reflected globally with negligible numbers in Europe praising China.

The number of respondents praising China range from Sweden (1%), Great Britain (1%) Germany (2%), Australia (2%) and Japan (3%). In Thailand and Egypt more than a fifth cite China, but the most striking finding is how few people can point to any country as showing leadership.

A few countries praise Germany, but no country is seen as an inspirational leader. Only in Nigeria and the US did more than a fifth single out US leadership.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/27/china-loses-trust-internationally-over-coronavirus-handling

本文作者 人民日报超著名记者 严瑜同志的春天笑靥

http://politics.people.com.cn/n1/2020/0331/c1001-31654698.html