哈佛大學中國史教授孔飛力(Philip A. Kuhn)重新挖掘這段陳年往事,通過翔實的史料考據與社會政治學的分析寫就《叫魂:1768年中國妖術大恐慌》(Soulstealers: The Chinese Sorcery Scare of 1768)一書。1990年發表之後很快成為海外漢學界的一部名著。由陳兼與劉昶合作翻譯的中文本於1999年首次出版。2012年4月上海三聯書店推出了新版中譯本(新增長達30頁的“翻譯札記與若干斷想”),初印六千冊,兩個月後就加印3萬冊,相關的書評紛紛見諸公共媒體。
In the summer of 1768, China was in the midst of one of its most famous witch hunts, a story that grabbed the attention of an American scholar who found meaning in the tale in the 20th century, and has gone on to inform a generation of Chinese students and teachers in the 21st.
The story, found in the archives within the Forbidden City, is best told by the late Harvard historian Philip A. Kuhn in his 1990 book Soulstealers: The Chinese Sorcery Scare of 1768(No. 7 on SupChina’s Book List). In the spring of 1768, rumors spread in several provinces of a sorcerer who sucked the life force from victims using small bits of the victims’ physical form. Commonly, a lock of hair would be taken from the victim to curse them.
Accusations raised alarm in several spots on China’s coast, from the metropolises of the Yangtze delta to Shandong Province. Buddhist monks, an itinerant stone mason, and some day laborers were accused. Some peasants bragged that they had been able to murder or sicken their victims through the use of charms or other spells.
The crimes were reported and investigated. The bureaucracy doubted the notion of supernatural crime, but did worry about the breakdown of public order that had led to riots and lynch mobs, so suspects were brought in to get to the bottom of things. Confessions were extracted, violently. Enough concern arose that events drew the attention of the next rung of the government, but there, at the provincial level, it was shown that confessions drawn from torture were riven with contradictions. Some of the initial claims were withdrawn as braggadocio meant to intimidate rivals or settle old scores. Accusers retracted many of their lies.
As spring turned to summer, the sorcery scare was revealed to be what bureaucrats suspected all along: a hoax. The matter was settled.
But this changed once the emperor got wind of what had happened.