千年明君习主席右耳垂明显褶皱预示罹患冠状动脉疾病风险增加33%？ 
左耳垂没有皱褶 耳垂皱褶与冠状动脉疾病之间关系一说的起源，源自世界医学权威 刊物 —— 《 新英格兰医学期刊 》44年之前1973年刊载的一篇文章。 
Background 
Publius Aelius Hadrianus, better known as Hadrian, emperor of Rome (117-138 CE), traveler, warrior, and lover of all things Greek, fell ill at the age of 60. He developed progressive edema and episodic epistaxis, fell into a depression soothed by rich food and drink, and succumbed to death within 2 years. The exact cause of Hadrian’s death–whether by heart failure, glomerulonephritis, or even hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia–has been a topic of debate among paleopathologists. It was not until 1980 that a crucial clue was found, memorialized in stone busts of the late emperor: he was sculpted with a deep diagonal crease in both earlobes. [1]
Since its first description by Frank in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1973[2], the presence of the diagonal earlobe crease (ELC) has been recognized as a marker of coronary artery disease (CAD). Subsequent studies confirmed the ELC (or Frank’s sign) as a predictor of CAD independent of age, cholesterol, blood pressure, or smoking status. On the other hand, several studies found no correlation between ELC and CAD and suggest that it is simply a marker of advancing age. Over 50 papers have been published regarding this physical diagnosis sign, and for almost 4 decades controversy has raged over its utility. Is the ELC a clinically useful predictor of CAD? In order to answer this question we performed a meta-analysis of all published studies evaluating the role of ELC as a predictor of CAD.
Methods Published articles, abstracts, and letters were obtained using the search term “Ear Lobe Crease.” Raw data regarding prevalence of ELC and CAD were collected and analyzed to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LR). Significance was determined using the Fisher exact test and Chi squared test (depending on the number of patients in the study), and P values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results There was significant variation in the design of the studies, ranging from large population screening studies to smaller studies looking at patients undergoing angiography for suspected CAD. The majority of studies found that ELC was a statistically significant predictor of CAD: the results of 6 of the 22 studies analyzed were not significant, and the remaining 16 studies demonstrated varying degrees of predictive value, with likelihood ratios ranging from of 1.33 to 9.20 (see figure 1). Upon pooling all data, we found an overall sensitivity of 60.4% and specificity of 74.4%. We found that the presence of ELC has a LR of 2.37 (CI of 2.26 to 2.48) for predicting CAD. We analyzed the subset of studies that included only cardiac patients and found that the utility of ELC was lower in this group than in an unselected patient population (LR of 1.88 vs 2.44). Similarly, when the higher-risk diabetic population of the Fremantle Diabetes study was excluded, the LR was slightly higher. Discussion Frank suggested that the presence of “a prominent crease in a lobule portion of the auricle” may be indicative of small vessel pathology, possibly explaining the correlation with CAD.[1] Shoenfield and colleagues performed histological examination of earlobe creases and found substantial thickening of the arteriolar walls relative to controls without ELC.[25]
Many authors performed multivariate analysis to ascertain if ELC is truly an independent marker of CAD risk or just a surrogate for other known risk factors. Several studies found that though ELC correlates with CAD, it is independent of other CAD risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and smoking).[13,15].
Other studies reported that that the LR of bilateral ELC is higher than that of unilateral ELC [15], and that depth of the ELC portends a greater likelihood of CAD. It has also been proposed that the presence of additional factors, such as earlobe hair [17], could further increase the utility of the sign.
The utility of ELC may vary depending on several factors. Age appears to be a significant potential confounder, and indeed the incidence of ELC increases with age in every study. However, as expected, the incidence of CAD also increases with age, and it is unclear at what ages the utility of the sign is highest. Several studies performed subgroup analyses looking at the utility of the ELC in patients of different ages with conflicting results. In general, though, the studies found that the presence of ELC has some predictive value across all age ranges. 谷歌翻译：
背景 公元前117年 - 公元前138年，罗马皇帝哈德里安（Hadrianus）， 旅行者，战士和所有希腊人的爱人，在60岁时病倒。他发展为进行 性水肿和偶发性鼻，，陷入了抑郁症丰富的食物和饮料抚慰，并在 2年内屈服于死亡。哈德良死亡的确切原因 - 无论是心力衰竭，肾 小球肾炎，还是遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症 - 都是古老病理学家 争论的话题。直到1980年，才找到了一个关键的线索，用晚期皇帝 的石头半身像来纪念：他在两个耳垂上雕刻了一个深对角线的折痕。
自从1973年在“新英格兰医学杂志”上弗兰克首次描述以来，对角 线耳垂折痕（ELC）的存在被认为是冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的标志。 随后的研究证实了ELC（或Frank标志）是独立于年龄，胆固醇，血 压或吸烟状态的CAD预测指标。另一方面，一些研究发现ELC和CAD之 间没有相关性，并且表明它只是一个推进年龄的标志。已经发表了 超过50篇有关这个物理诊断标志的论文，并且在将近四十年的争论 中对它的效用感到愤怒。 ELC是临床上有用的CAD预测指标吗？为了 回答这个问题，我们对所有已发表的研究进行了荟萃分析，评估了 ELC作为CAD预测因子的作用。
方法 发表的文章，摘要和字母使用搜索术语“耳部皱纹”获得。收集关 于ELC和CAD发病率的原始数据并分析以计算灵敏度，特异性和似然 比（LR）。使用Fisher精确检验和Chi平方检验（取决于研究中患者 的数量）确定显着性，并且计算P值和95％置信区间（CI）。 结果 这些研究的设计差异很大，从大量的人群筛查研究到小型研究，这些 研究都是针对可疑冠心病患者进行血管造影。大多数研究发现ELC是 冠心病的统计学显着预测因素：22项研究中6项结果不显着，其余16 项研究显示不同程度的预测价值，似然比范围为1.33至9.20（见 图1）。汇总所有数据后，我们发现总体敏感性为60.4％，特异性为 74.4％。我们发现ELC的存在具有用于预测CAD的2.37（CI为2.26至 2.48）的LR。我们分析了仅包括心脏病患者的研究子集，发现ELC的 效用低于未选择的患者群（LR为1.88 vs 2.44）。同样，当 Fremantle糖尿病研究的高风险糖尿病人群被排除时，LR略高。 讨论 弗兰克认为，“在耳廓的小叶部分显着折痕”的存在可能表明小血 管病理，可能解释与CAD的相关性[1]。 Shoenfield及其同事对耳垂 折痕进行组织学检查，发现相对于没有ELC的对照，小动脉壁明显增 厚[25]。
许多作者进行了多元分析，以确定ELC是真正的CAD风险的独立标志 或只是其他已知风险因素的替代。一些研究发现，尽管ELC与CAD相 关，但与其他CAD危险因素（高血压，高脂血症，糖尿病和吸烟）无 关[13,15]。
其他研究报道，双侧ELC的LR高于单侧ELC [15]，而ELC的深度预示 CAD的可能性更大。也有人提出存在额外的因素，如耳垂毛[17]，可 以进一步增加标志的效用。
ELC的效用可能因多个因素而异。年龄似乎是一个显着的潜在的混杂 因素，而且在每项研究中ELC的发病率随年龄增长而增加。然而，正 如预期的那样，CAD的发病率也随着年龄的增长而增加，并且不清楚 在什么年龄该标志的效用最高。几项研究进行了亚组分析，研究ELC 在不同年龄患者中的效用，并得出相互矛盾的结果。但总的来说，研 究发现ELC的存在对所有年龄段都有一定的预测价值。
Supporting Studies Several scientists have looked at the potential connection between earlobe creases and CAD. Some studies have shown a correlation, while others have not. A study of 340 patients published in 1982 found an earlobe crease to be a sign associated with aging and CAD. The crease suggested the presence of a more severe form of heart disease in people who were showing symptoms. The earlobe crease, the researchers wrote, “may identify a subset of patients prone to early aging and to the early development of coronary artery disease, whose prognosis might be improved by early preventative measures.”
Another study published in 1989 studied the bodies of 300 patients who had died from various causes. In this study, the diagonal creases were associated with cardiovascular causes of death. The researchers wrote, “We found a strong association between earlobe creases and a cardiovascular cause of death in men and women after age, height, and diabetes had been controlled for.”
A 1991 study found similar results. So did a study publsihed in 2006, which reported that an ear crease in people younger than age 40 was a sign of CAD in up to 80 percent of cases. In a 2012 study, 430 patients with no history of CAD were examined for ear creases and then given a CT scan for CAD. Those with an ear crease were more likely to have CAD.
OPPOSITION Contrary Findings Other studies have shown different results. A study in 1980 showed no significant relationship between ELC and CAD in American Indians. This indicates that “Frank’s sign” may not show the same correlation in other ethnic groups. Another study of Japanese Americans living in Hawaii also found no connection. Studies have indicated that the sign may be less indicative in people who have other important risk factors for CAD, particularly diabetes.
Some studies have theorized that as people age, the presence of earlobe creases and heart disease increase — especially after they reach age 50. This doesn’t necessarily mean that one has to do with the other. A study by University of Massachusetts Medical School concluded that earlobe creases are a simple feature of the aging process in some people. TAKEAWAY What Does It Mean for You? Enough studies have established a connection between earlobe creases and heart disease that it’s worth taking a wrinkle on your ear seriously. A 2011 NYU School of Medicine student review of the studies concluded that ELC predicts CAD more often than traditional risk factors and that it may be useful for identifying patients with the disease.
Check with your doctor first. They’ll most likely test your blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and other risk factors. Taking everything — including your ears — into account will create a clear overall picture of your risk and determine what steps you can take to protect your heart health.
支持研究 几位科学家研究了耳垂折痕与CAD之间的潜在联系。一些研究显示了相关性， 而其他研究则没有。
对1982年发表的340例患者的一项研究发现，耳垂折痕是衰老和冠心病的一个 征兆。折痕提示出现症状的人中存在更严重的心脏病。研究人员写道，耳垂 折痕可能会识别一部分容易早老化和早期发展为冠状动脉疾病的患者，其预 后可能通过早期预防措施得到改善。
另一项于一九八九年发表的研究报告研究了300名死因不同的病人的尸体。在 这项研究中，对角线折痕与心血管死亡原因有关。研究人员写道：“在年龄， 身高和糖尿病得到控制之后，我们发现男女耳垂折痕与心血管死因之间有很 强的联系。”
1991年的研究发现了类似的结果。因此，2006年发表的一项研究报告指出， 40岁以下人群的耳廓折痕是CAD发病率的高达80％。在2012年的一项研究中， 430名无CAD病史的患者进行耳廓检查，然后进行CAD扫描。那些有耳朵折痕的 人更可能有CAD。
反对 相反的发现 其他研究显示了不同的结果。 1980年的一项研究显示美国印第安人的ELC和 CAD之间没有显着的关系。这表明“弗兰克的符号”可能不会在其他民族中表 现出相同的相关性。对居住在夏威夷的日裔美国人的另一项研究也没有发现任 何联系有研究表明，这个标志可能不太适合那些有CAD其他重要危险因素的人， 尤其是糖尿病患者。
一些研究认为，随着年龄的增长，耳垂折痕和心脏病的增加尤其是在达到50岁 之后。这并不一定意味着与另一个有关。麻省大学医学院的一项研究得出结论， 耳垂折痕是一些人老化过程的一个简单特征。 带走 这对你意味着什么？ 足够的研究已经确定了耳垂折痕和心脏疾病之间的联系，认真对待你的耳朵 是值得的。纽约大学医学院2011年学生对这些研究的回顾得出的结论是，ELC 预测CAD比传统危险因素更频繁，并且可能有助于确定患者的疾病。
先和你的医生核对一下。他们很可能会测试你的血压，胆固醇水平和其他风 险因素。考虑到所有因素 - 包括你的耳朵 - 将会清楚地了解你的风险，并 确定你可以采取哪些步骤来保护你的心脏健康。
警惕！耳朵上有褶皱，很可能是患上心血管疾病！ 在民间，尤其三姑六婆嘴中，一个人的耳朵还真是跟福气、长寿挂得
上钩的。就连现代医学，也证明了耳朵与人的寿命有一定关系。日本 高校日前研究发现，耳朵大或家族有长寿成员的人大多寿命较长，且 不容易感冒。广濑信义认为：“耳朵大的话，说明他的软骨组织合成 频率高，不容易患上变形性关节症。因此，能够健康长寿。” 
双耳垂褶皱 ...... 风险增加77%的新常委沪宁同志（1955年10月6日-） 
此外，还有人说：耳垂上有斜纹，那么这个人就有可能患上冠心病或 脑动脉硬化等疾病。这种判断方法看似很儿戏，但却是有医学根据的！
一、耳朵看长寿，不是吹的！
美国前总统小布什于2013年8月6日在得克萨斯州达拉斯市一家医院在 诊断为冠心病，放了支架。小伙伴们有没有发现一个有趣的现象，小 布什双侧耳朵的耳垂都有皱褶。今年3月，世界权威医学杂志《新英格 兰医学杂志》也刊登了一例有趣的病例。59岁的男性高血压患者，有 劳力型心绞痛，但是心电图没有明显异常。冠脉造影显示冠脉严重狭 窄，置入了两枚支架。比较有趣的是他的双侧耳垂都有皱褶。 
耳垂褶皱是一条从耳屏开始走向后下终止于耳廓后缘的呈45度角的对 角线。这个检查方法是于1973年由一位国外医学工作者提出，后来又 经过几十年医学界的临床研究，证实了这个理论：耳垂上出现横纹， 有很大几率是因为患上冠心病或脑动脉硬化等疾病的影响。并且，耳 垂上的斜纹也因此有了专业的命名，医学上叫做“耳褶心征”！ 二、耳垂皱褶可以预测冠心病吗?
1、为什么有横纹就能判断可能患上那些疾病呢？
这是因为人的耳垂是由蜂窝组织构成，无软骨、肌肉或韧带，耳垂能 呈现出充盈的状态，主要是靠血液支撑的，而耳垂中的血液来自耳后 动脉、颈浅动脉耳前支。正常情况下，由于各部分动脉对耳垂的供血 充足，耳垂充盈无褶皱，富有弹性，呈现出饱满的形状。
而当心脏或者脑动脉出问题或发生病变时，会导致上述两个动脉分支 出现供血不足，从而导致耳垂萎缩，此时就会出现耳垂斜纹。也正是 如此，耳垂斜纹才能作为诊断早起冠心病或血管异变的重要依据。以 往有研究认为，耳垂皱褶可能不适用于印第安人以及亚裔人。但是研 究显示，日本人耳垂皱褶在冠心病和无冠心病的人中出现的几率分别 为25%和5%。最近国人的研究也显示，耳垂皱褶可以较为准确的预测 冠心病，尤其是在男性中最为准确。
2、耳垂对角线型皱褶的形成原因是什么呢？
耳垂对角线型皱褶的形成其实与过早衰老，供应耳垂微血管病变导致 血管周围组织退化有关。美国医学家在尸体解剖中发现凡死于冠心病 者（基本年龄在40岁以上），耳垂皮肤几乎都有一条皱纹。
3、耳垂皱褶决定生命的风险！
一个耳垂有皱褶冠心病风险增加33%； 两个耳垂有皱褶冠心病风险增加77%； 也就是说两个耳朵都有预测价值更高！ 年龄在40岁以下具有耳垂皱褶，罹患冠状动脉疾病的风险高达80%！ 也就是说，原来没有冠心病的人，在之后的日子里，如果出现耳垂皱 褶则死亡的风险也明显增加56%。 如今，耳垂皱褶和心脏病间的关系，已获医界公认。权威医学杂志 《新英格兰医学期刊》刊发文章确认，耳垂皱褶可能是冠心病的一种 表现。
三、耳垂褶皱要怎么看？如何判断？ 在医学上，耳垂褶皱就是耳朵上出现的斜线皱纹，一般分为三个程度， 有着不同的象征意义。
（1）当耳朵上斜纹呈现出浅浅的淡淡纹路时，称为一度斜纹；出现一 度斜纹时，通常代表着身体可能因为休息不足或营业不均衡导致身体 出现了异常，此时需要注意调节身体健康，防止身体因此出现疾病；
（2）当耳朵上斜纹较明显，目测深度达到1毫米，并且贯穿整个耳垂 时，我们称为二度斜纹； 这个阶段往往意味着心脑方面的血管可能已经出现了一些小问题，并 且有一些特定的症状，比如短暂的胸闷、心慌等。此时最好到医院做 一下检查，及早将可能出现的疾病扼杀在萌芽阶段。
（3）当耳垂上的纹路非常明显，深度超过1毫米，斜纹两边分开，并 且出现另一道平行的皱纹存在时，成为三度斜纹。出现三度斜纹时， 建议一定要去医院做一次较全面的心脑功能检查，看看血压、心脑血 管方面是否正常！ 
当耳垂出现斜纹时，不代表一定患上冠心病，只是说有较大的几率心 脑血管方面出现了问题。（耳朵局部血管过于充盈、扩张，可见到圆 圈状、条段样等改变的：常见于有心肺功能异常的人，如冠心病、哮 喘等。）在现实生活中，身体健康的人中有20%左右耳垂上出现斜纹， 这个特征仅表示可能患上冠心病，或有此类疾病的预兆，如果担心身 体健康问题的话，最好还是到正规医院让专业的医生进行详细检查， 及早发现或排除疾病的可能。
Bum drums: Guy plays drums on four women's butt cheeks By The Fix Feb 14th, 2013 
Meet percussionist Jorge Perez and his four anonymous female friends. Now
watch the video above to hear the beautiful music they make together.
And no, we're not talking pentatonic farts. Jorge busts his beats by slapping his friends' butt cheeks. The bootylicious performance is meant to demonstrate his philosophy that "music is everywhere". Guess he's right!
His buttcussion video has clocked up a million streams on YouTube since it was uploaded last week, but not everyone is impressed by the pert display.
"I honestly don't see the point of the four-butt set-up," said one YouTube commenter. "The tonalities are all nearly exact." Are you complaining?
文贵11月14日在：川普总统的马阿拉歌庄园．与网友们聊聊天！
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