The Trump administration has said that allowing China to join the World Trade Organization was a mistake and accused Beijing of moving further away from becoming a market economy.
The statement in a report by the office of Robert Lighthizer, the US trade representative, is a sign of rising trade tensions between the worldˇs two largest economies.
It is also a reversal of more than two decades of policy in Washington towards Chinaˇs 2001 accession to the WTO. Both Democratic and Republican policymakers have long argued that Chinaˇs membership of the organisation has been a way to bring Beijing into the global fold and avoid potential trade wars.
Mr Lighthizer said China, together with Russia, was undermining the WTO, which had always been envisioned as a club for market economies eager to trade with others.
¨The global trading system is threatened by major economies who do not intend to open their markets to trade and participate fairly,〃 he said, calling Chinaˇs actions ¨contrary to the fundamental principles of the WTO〃.
His officeˇs first annual report to Congress on Chinaˇs behaviour as a WTO member described US backing for the Asian powerˇs accession as a mistake because of the terms that were agreed to and how Beijing had repeatedly failed to live up to promises to previous administrations.
¨Given these facts, it seems clear that the United States erred in supporting Chinaˇs entry into the WTO on terms that have proven to be ineffective in securing Chinaˇs embrace of an open, market-oriented trade regime,〃 the report said.
Mr Lighthizer vowed to use new unilateral tools outside the WTO to try to force a change in Beijingˇs behaviour. That foreshadows moves in the weeks to come that some analysts fear could set up tit-for-tat trade actions by Beijing and Washington that could devolve into a destructive trade war.
A senior administration official said on Friday that while the US was prepared to continue using the WTO to fight its battles with China, it was also increasingly convinced that many of those actions were futile and that Washington was better served acting unilaterally in certain cases.
President Donald Trumpˇs administration is considering a number of actions aimed at China with much of the focus on an investigation launched last year into Beijingˇs practice of forcing foreign firms to hand over important technologies in order to do business.
[Prior administrationsˇ] strategy was to use carrots and sticks to encourage Beijing to continue its reform. Thus far, the Trump administration has only thought about the sticks
Chad Bown, trade adviser to former president Barack Obama
Mr Trump has said he will discuss his trade plans and how to deal with China in his State of the Union address at the end of this month.
A senior White House official said addressing ¨systemic〃 issues in China such as its industrial policy and intellectual property regime that were hurting the US economy was set to be one of the main themes of the administrationˇs work this year.
The Trump administration, the White House official said, was also eager to force reform at a WTO that it sees as dysfunctional.
Edward Alden, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, said the move to call US backing for Chinaˇs WTO accession a mistake amounted to an ¨extraordinary statement〃 that was ¨at odds with the convictions of senior US officials of both parties over at least two decades〃.
When it negotiated Beijingˇs accession ¨the Clinton administration was convinced that letting China into the WTO was of world historical importance not just recognising Chinaˇs economic rise but trying to give it a stake in the current system and lessening the likelihood of future conflict, Mr Alden said.
Chad Bown, a trade adviser to former president Barack Obama, said the latest move pointed to how the Trump administration seemed intent on a trade war with Beijing.
¨While prior administrations were equally concerned with Chinaˇs failure to transform into a western-style market economy, their strategy was to use carrots and sticks to encourage Beijing to continue its reform,〃 he said. ¨Thus far, the Trump administration has only thought about the sticks.〃
