The Kehlsteinhaus (in English-speaking countries also known as the Eagle's Nest) is a chalet-style structure erected on a subpeak of the Hoher Göllknown as the Kehlstein. It was built as an extension of the Obersalzberg complex erected in the mountains aboveBerchtesgaden. The Kehlsteinhaus was intended as a 50th birthday present forAdolf Hitler to serve as a retreat, and a place for him to entertain visiting dignitaries.
The Kehlsteinhaus was commissioned byMartin Bormann, with construction proceeding over a 13-month period. It was completed in the summer of 1938, prior to its formal presentation to Hitler on his 50th birthday on April 20, 1939. It is situated on a ridge at the top of the Kehlstein mountain 1,834 m (6,017 ft), reached by a 6.5 km (4.0 mi) long and 4 m (13 ft) wide road that costRM 30 million to build (about 150 million euros in 2007, adjusted in line with inflation). It includes five tunnels but only one hairpin turn and climbs 800 m (2,600 ft).
Map showing the location of the Kehlsteinhaus (labelled "Eagle's Nest"), associated with the Berghof. The map also shows other Führer Headquarters throughout occupied Europe.
The last 124 m (407 ft)[1] up to the Kehlsteinhaus are reached by an elevator bored straight down through the mountain and linked via a tunnel through the granite below that is 124 m (407 ft) long.[1] The inside of the large elevator car is surfaced with polished brass, Venetian mirrors and green leather (the elevator is still used daily). Construction of the mountain elevator system cost the lives of 12 construction workers.[2] The main reception room is dominated by a fireplace of red Italian marble, presented by Mussolini, which was damaged by Allied soldiers chipping off pieces to take home as souvenirs. Much of the furniture was designed by Paul László.
克劳斯·冯·施陶芬贝格(Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg，1907年－1944年7月20日)，德国军官，出生于一个南德国贵族家族，他是在策划暗杀阿道夫·希特勒的行动中的一个重要人物。
The top secret, high security site was in the Masurian woods about 5 miles (8.0 km) from the small East Prussian town ofRastenburg (now Kętrzyn in Poland). It was guarded by personnel from the SSReichssicherheitsdienst and troops from the Wehrmacht's armoured Führer Begleit Brigade. Although three security zones surrounded the central complex where the Führer bunker was located, an attempt to kill Hitler was made at Wolf's Lair on 20 July 1944.[1]
Hitler first arrived at the headquarters on 23 June 1941. In total, he spent more than 800 days at the Wolfsschanzeduring a 3½-year period until his final departure on 20 November 1944.[1] In the summer of 1944, work began to enlarge and reinforce many of the Wolf's Lair original buildings, however the work was never finished because of the rapidRed Army advance during theBaltic Offensive in autumn 1944. On 25 January 1945, the complex was blown up and abandoned 48 hours before the arrival of Soviet forces.[1]
