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快乐童年,如今一去不复返 2011-09-09 20:52:25

 

《老黑奴》

http://www.56.com/u32/v_NTQ0NjA2Njk.html
Crazy Cavan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOfeE17tmDs&feature=related
有多少歌曲你能够听过唱过就在记忆中生了根,能够在多年以后一个人回忆时哼唱,  能够说它的歌词和乐曲是那么的自然亲切?

如果有,这一首朴实"如人们吃了一辈子的面包一样"的《老黑奴》(老黑乔)一定在里面。


"快乐童年,如今一去不复返
亲爱朋友,都已离开家园
离开尘世到那天上的乐园
我听见他们轻声把我呼唤...."


老黑乔据说真有其人,名叫约瑟夫·琼斯 (Joseph Johns), 生于1794年,在年近半百时和其他奴隶一起到了作曲家福斯特所在的宾州。这位见过华盛顿总统灵车的黑奴因为奴隶没有出生证而无法确定具体岁数,但是,调 查认为他是在112到117岁之间的某一年过世的。下面是他老年时的照片和简陋到不能再简陋的"木屋"。

无论穷富,每个人都有过无忧无虑的快乐童年,只是,人过中年才容易拨开生活的嘈杂音符,听见那些快乐童年日子里的清澈笑声和其中亲情烂漫与浓厚的爱。当 你能这么回忆时,也就理解了斯蒂芬·福斯特的这首古老歌曲,以及他的其他那些著名又朴实如扎如记忆泥土中的老橡树一样不离不弃的经久歌词。

Old Black Joe
《老黑奴》

快乐童年,如今一去不复返
亲爱朋友,都已离开家园
离开尘世到那天上的乐园
我听见他们轻声把我呼唤
我来了、我来了
我已年老背又弯
我听见他们轻声把我呼唤

为何哭泣、如今我不应忧伤
为何叹息、朋友不能重相见
为何悲痛、亲人去世已多年
我听见他们轻声把我呼唤
我来了、我来了
我已年老背又弯
我听见他们轻声把我呼唤

幸福伴侣、如今东飘西散
怀中爱儿、早已离我去远方
他们已到我所渴望的乐园
我听见他们轻声把我呼唤
我来了、我来了
我已年老背又弯
我听见他们轻声把我呼唤


(Old Black Joe在台灣被翻為<老黑爵>,有全版和简版两种,以下是简版歌词:

時光飛逝
快樂青春轉眼過
老友盡去
永離凡塵赴天國
四顧茫然
殘燭餘年為寂寞
只聽見老友殷勤呼喚
老~黑~爵
我來啦~我來啦
黃昏夕陽即時沒
天路既不遠請即等我
老~黑~爵 )


Old Black Joe (和意译内容)

Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay;
Gone are my friends from the cotton fields away;
Gone from the earth to a better land I know,
I hear their gentle voices calling,
"Old Black Joe!"
(Refrain:) I'm coming, I'm coming, for my head is bending low;
I hear their gentle voices calling,
"Old Black Joe!"

那些心头年轻快乐无忧的日子已离我远去,
我的伙伴也离开了棉花田,
离开这里到一个美好的地方,我知道,
我听见他们柔声呼唤 ,
“老黑乔!”
(反复)我来了,我来了,因为我的头渐渐低垂;
我听见他们柔声呼唤“老黑乔!”


Why do I weep when my heart should feel no pain?
Why do I sigh that my friends come not again?
Grieving for forms now departed long ago,
I hear their gentle voices calling,
"Old Black Joe!"
(Refrain:) I'm coming, I'm coming, for my head is bending low;
I hear their gentle voices calling,
"Old Black Joe!" 


我为何哭泣,我心并不悲伤?
我为何要叹息 伙伴不复来?
只为怀念早已逝去的人,
我听见他们柔声呼唤,
“老黑乔!”
(反复)我来了,我来了,因为我的头渐渐低 垂;
我听见他们柔声呼唤“老黑乔!”


Where are thee hearts once so happy and so free?
The children so dear that I held upon my knee?
Gone to the shore where my soul has longed to go,
I hear their gentle voices calling,
"Old Black Joe!"
(Refrain:) I'm coming, I'm coming, for my head is bending low;
I hear their gentle voices calling,
"Old Black Joe!"

昔日快乐无羁的人们,如今安在?
还有,我抱在膝上可爱的小家伙?
他们都已到了我灵魂所渴望去的海岸,
我 听见他们柔声呼唤,
“老黑乔!”

(反复)我来了,我来了,因为我的头渐渐低垂;
我听见他们柔声呼唤“老黑乔!”

《老黑奴》是福斯特1860年离开家乡匹兹堡去纽约之前写的最后一首歌。写这首歌的时候,福斯特一生热爱着的家乡 和亲人,几乎都一去不复返了。可敬的父亲这时已经去世了,两个姊妹也已出嫁,远离了家乡,两个兄弟也相继故去,剩下的另一个弟兄摩利逊也已结婚,而且住到 了克利夫兰。事实上,除了妻子和年幼的女儿之外,只有他一个人孤独地留在家乡匹兹堡。此后福斯特又遭遇家庭婚变的悲剧,他被迫孤身流落到纽约,穷困潦倒, 仅仅四年后就孤寂地离开了人世。曲名中的“老黑奴”确有其人,正是在1860年,福斯特的妻子琼家的一个老黑奴去世了。作者福斯特与这个老黑奴有着多年的 交情,老黑奴的去世使作者深感悲痛。这首歌正是在这一背景下写的,旋律优美、亲切而又哀婉动人。显然,作者写作本曲除了寄托对老黑奴的哀思以外,也融进了 对自己境遇的哀叹。

美国第一位真正伟大的音乐家就是被 称为“(美国)民歌制作者”的斯蒂芬·福斯特。斯蒂芬·福斯特(Stephen Collins Foster,1826-1864),美国作曲家,他的一生以歌曲创作为主,自学而成。他的一生更为奇特的是他并没有受过真正的正规音乐和器乐教育,只是 在据说粗通小提琴的父亲鼓励下一生中先后学会了各种不同的乐器,而他的音乐则全靠天赋与对民间生活的感受而成。福斯特做曲不断,直到临去世前还有著名作品 完成,对黑奴和贫苦人的命运的同情关爱,对美好事物的热爱,支持着作曲家整个的人生。有趋的是,热爱生活而经历坎坷的von Trapp Family,不仅演唱了音乐之声里的经典歌曲,他们也非常喜爱演唱包括这首老黑奴在内的许多福斯特的歌曲,音乐之声的姊妹篇,电影 The Trapp Family里面就有多首这样的经典演唱。

顺便说,这首Old Black Joe的中文翻译作者(作者不詳)功底了得,不仅传神地译出了歌曲意境,还升华了它的感情,这一点上,任何仔细对比不同译文和原始歌词的人都会深有感触。

福斯特在1860年做出这打动人心的灵魂歌曲,很快就为第二年爆发的南北战争所传唱,有趣的是为解放奴隶而战的北军用福斯特的歌词,而南军也不落后,照样 使用福斯特的作品,当然后着迷恋的是福斯特音乐而非老黑奴的歌词。

战争期间他成了两军都争的作曲者,一生贫困的福斯特也真的就来者不拒了。可惜,即使最著名的歌曲(有的后来成了通过议会决议的美国州歌)完全卖出,也得不 到多少收益(号称"加州金国国歌"的Anthem of the California Gold Rush也只给他带来区区一百美金的收入)。另一首著名的福斯特作品是思瓦尼河畔Swanee River(中文翻为〝故乡的亲人〞等不同歌名)的趋闻和故事更多,甚至作成之后连作者本人也不知道那条河是在美国什么地方和怎么个流法。意外地,佛罗里 达人发现唱的是他们州的河,而且是由东向西反着流的一条河,激动之于,州议会把它定为法定佛州州歌(定名后还有不少故事)。

斯蒂芬·福斯特的生活故事表明了旧世界和新世界之间的显著不同。他生于1826年宾州的匹兹堡附近的一个小城镇,那是欧洲音乐的黄金时代,贝多芬、舒伯 特、 罗西尼、梅耶比尔当时都处在他们的名声的高峰,而柏辽兹舒曼门 德尔松李斯特和威尔 第都正在成长为伟人。假如他生在大洋彼岸的话,他也许已经进了一个合唱学校音 乐学院,而变成了一个交响乐作曲家 而不是一些简单歌曲和作曲家了。

斯蒂芬·福斯特作有《故乡的亲人》、《我的肯塔基故乡》、《金发的珍妮姑娘》、《美丽的梦神》、《噢,苏珊娜》、《老黑奴》等二百首歌曲,其中很多都是广 为流传的著名歌曲。他的作品结构简单,节奏平稳,音域不宽,材料精练,音调吸收源自古非洲文化及欧洲赞美歌的黑人民歌的养料,于真挚纯朴中含感伤色彩。这 些特点,再加上他熟用地方哩语(这些哩语为那些后来成了州歌的歌带来一些麻烦,据说至今还在立法改动过程中)使得他的歌曲非常容易传唱,可以打动无论贫富 和文化高底的每一个人,犹如中国杜甫把诗歌从高贵华丽殿堂搬入村妇家园,让她们评判高低,这种一生贴近生活的作风也是斯蒂芬·福斯特的一大特点。这种情绪 既是对黑奴命运的同情,又是他孤身异地生活的切身感受。



好了,听歌吧:

All of the Stephen Collins Foster Songs
斯蒂芬·福斯特作品的全部曲目[点击歌曲名称播放音乐]
from: http://pdmusic.org/foster.html

Title Words
1839
The Tioga Waltz [not published until 1896] n/a
1844
Open Thy Lattice Love George Pope Morris
Viva La Compagnie (Song and Chorus) [possibly by Foster] anonymous
1846
There's A Good Time Coming Charles Mackay
Autumn Waltz n/a
1847
Lou'siana Belle Foster
What Must a Fairy's Dream Be? Foster
Where Is Thy Spirit Mary? Foster
1848
Old Uncle Ned Foster
Stay Summer Breath Foster
Santa Anna's Retreat from Buena Vista n/a
Oh! Susanna Foster
Away Down Souf Foster
1849
Nelly Was a Lady Foster
My Brudder Gum Foster
Dolcy Jones Foster
Summer Longings Denis Florence McCarthy
1850
Oh! Lemuel! Foster
Mary Loves the Flowers Foster
Nelly Bly Foster
Soiree Polka n/a
Dolly Day Foster
"Gwine to Rune All Night" or De Camptown Races Foster
Angelina Baker Foster
Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway! Foster
Way Down in Ca-i-ro Foster
Molly Do You Love Me? Foster
The Voice of By Gone Days Foster
The Spirit of My Song Metta Victoria Fuller
Soiree Polka [arr. for Piano, Four Hands] n/a
I Would Not Die in Spring Time Foster
I Would Not Die in Spring Time [QUARTETTE] Foster
Turn Not Away! Foster
Village Bells Polka n/a
Lily Ray Foster
1851
Give the Stranger Happy Cheer Foster
Melinda May Foster
Wilt Thou Be Gone, Love? William Shakespeare
Mother, Thou'rt Faithful to Me Foster
Sweetly She Sleeps, My Alice Fair Charles G. Eastman
Farewell! Old Cottage Foster
Once I Loved Thee, Mary Dear William Cullen Crookshank
Ring, Ring de Banjo! Foster
Oh! Boys, Carry Me 'Long Foster
I Would Not Die in Summer Time Foster
My Hopes Have Departed Forever James Gates Percival
Laura Lee Foster
Ah! My Child! (Music from the aria Ah mon fils in La Prophete by Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1791-1864) Augustin-Eugene Scribe;
Translated by Foster
Old Folks at Home [Swanee River] Foster
Old Folks at Home Variations n/a
In the Eye Abides the Heart [In den Augen liegt das Herz] (Music by Franz Wilhelm Abt, 1819-1885, from Op. 54, no. 1; Arranged by Henry Kleber) Franz von Kobell;
Translated by Foster
Willie My Brave Foster
Eulalie Henry Sylvester Cornwall
Farewell My Lily Dear Foster
1852
Massa's in de Cold Ground Foster
The Hour for Thee and Me Foster
I Cannot Sing To-Night George F. Banister
Maggie By My Side Foster
1853
My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night! Foster
Old Folk Quadrilles n/a
Annie My Own Love Charles P. Shiras
Holiday Schottisch n/a
Old Dog Tray Foster
Old Memories Foster
Little Ella Foster
There's a Land of Bliss [see "Old Uncle Ned", 1848] Foster
from The Shawm [6 Jul 1853] credited only to "S. F."
Soro (L. M.) [page 59] S. F.
Minot (L. M. Double) [page 63] S. F.
Stetson (L. M.) [page 65] S. F.
Mount Pisgah (C. M.) [page 127] S. F.
1854
Old Folks Quadrilles [from Social Orchestra] n/a
Anadolia [from Social Orchestra] n/a
Jennie's Own Schottish [from Social Orchestra] n/a
Irene (melody only) [from Social Orchestra] [see "Linger in Blissful Repose", 1858] n/a
Village Festival [from Social Orchestra] n/a
Ellen Bayne Foster
Willie We Have Missed You Foster
Jeanie With the Light Brown Hair Foster
Come With Thy Sweet Voice Again Foster
Hard Times Come Again No More Foster
1855
Come Where My Love Lies Dreaming Foster
Some Folks Foster
Hard Times Come Again No More
[arranged for the guitar]
Foster
The Village Maiden Foster
Comrades Fill No Glass for Me Foster
1856
Gentle Annie Foster
The White House Chair Foster
The Great Baby Show, or The Abolition Show
[music: air "Villikins & his Dinah"]
Foster
1857
Harmony Chant, L. M. (Chant) (from page 98 of The Jubilee) S. F. [aka? Stephen Collins Foster]
I See Her Still in My Dreams Foster
Gentle Annie [arranged for guitar accompaniment] Foster
Mikloth, C. M. Double. (Hymn) (from page 146 of The Jubilee) S. F. [aka? Stephen Collins Foster]
Pearne, S. M. Double. (Hymn)(from page 185 of The Jubilee) S. F. [aka? Stephen Collins Foster]
Sabbatus, L. M. (Hymn) (from page 64 of The Jubilee) S. F. [aka? Stephen Collins Foster]
1858
Lula Is Gone Foster
Linger in Blissful Repose Foster
Where Has Lula Gone? Foster
My Loved One and My Own or Eva Foster
Sadly to Mine Heart Appealing Eliza Sheridan Carey
My Angel Boy H. Brougham
1859
Linda Has Departed William Henry McCarthy
Parthenia to Ingomar William Henry McCarthy
For Thee, Love, for Thee William Henry McCarthy
Fairy-Belle Foster
Thou Art the Queen of My Song Foster
1860
None Shall Weep a Tear for Me Richard Henry Wilde
The Wife, or He'll Come Home Foster
Poor Drooping Maiden Foster
Cora Dean Foster
Under the Willow She's Sleeping Foster
The Glendy Burk Foster
Jenny's Coming O'er the Green Foster
Beautiful Child of Song Foster
Old Black Joe Foster
Down Among the Cane-Brakes Foster
Virginia Belle Foster
The Little Ballad Girl Foster
1861
Mine Is the Mourning Heart Foster
Don't Bet Your Money on de Shanghai Foster
Molly Dear Good Night Foster
Our Willie Dear Is Dying Foster
Lizzie Dies To-Night Mary Rynon Reese
Our Bright, Bright Summer Days Are Gone Foster
I'll Be a Soldier Foster
Why Have My Loved Ones Gone? Foster
Oh! Tell Me of My Mother Foster
Farewell Mother Dear Foster
Sweet Little Maid of the Mountain Foster
Farewell Sweet Mother Foster
Little Belle Blair Foster
Nell and I Foster
A Penny for Your Thoughts! Foster
A Thousand Miles from Home Foster
1862
Little Jenny Dow Foster
I Will Be True to Thee Foster
The Merry, Merry Month of May Foster
A Dream of My Mother and My Home Foster
That's What's the Matter Foster
Better Times (Days) Are Coming Foster
Slumber My Darling Foster
Merry Little Birds Are We Foster
Why No One to Love Foster
No Home, No Home Foster
Was My Brother in the Battle? Foster
We Are Coming Father Abraam, 300,000 More James Sloane Gibbons
I'll Be Home To-Morrow Foster
Happy Hours at Home Foster
Gentle Lena Clare Foster
We've a Million in the Field Foster
Beautiful Dreamer Foster
1863
The Love I Bear to Thee Foster
Bury Me in the Morning, Mother Foster
Little Ella's an Angel! Foster
Suffer Little Children Come Unto Me Foster
Willie's Gone to Heaven Foster
I'm Nothing But a Plain Old Soldier Foster
I'd Be a Fairy Foster
Bring My Brother Back to Me George Cooper
Oh! There's No Such Girl as Mine Samuel Lover

Water's Golden Harp for Sunday Schools

Mrs. O. S. Matteson
Edward Nevin
Foster
Foster
Joseph Gilmore
Foster
Foster
Foster
Mrs. Mary Ann Kidder
Foster
Mrs. Mary Ann Kidder
Arranged by Professor Cull
While [When] the Bowl Goes Round George Cooper
Jenny June George Cooper
A Soldier in the Colored Brigade George Cooper
There Are Plenty of Fish in the Sea George Cooper
When This Dreadful War Is Ended George Cooper
Lena Our Loved One Is Gone George Cooper
Katy Bell George Cooper
Larry's Good Bye George Cooper
There Was a Time James D. Byrne
Willie Has Gone to the War George Cooper
Kissing in the Dark George Cooper
For the Dear Old Flag I Die! George Cooper
The Soldier's Home George Cooper
My Wife Is a Most Knowing Woman George Cooper
Oh! Why Am I So Happy? Francis D. Murtha
Onward and Upward! George Cooper
We Will Keep a Bright Lookout George Cooper
The Song of All Songs John Poole?

The Athenaeum Collection of Tunes for Church and Sunday School

Charles Dickens?
[music=The Pure, the Bright, the Beautiful (1863)] Foster
Foster
Emily Sullivan Oakey
Mrs. Mary Ann Kidder
J. C.
H. C.
Foster
Foster
Mrs. Mary Ann Kidder
Dearer Than Life! (Meet Me Tonight Dearest) George Cooper
My Boy Is Coming from the War George Cooper
1864
If You've Only Got a Moustache George Cooper
Mr. & Mrs. Brown George Cooper
Wilt Thou Be True? George Cooper
When Old Friends Were Here George Cooper
She Was All the World to Me Dr. Duffy
Sitting by My Own Cabin Door Foster
Somebody's Coming to See Me Tonight George Cooper
When Dear Friends Are Gone Foster
Give This To Mother S. W. Harding
Tell Me Love of Thy Early Dreams Foster
All Day Long [doubtful by Foster] Clara Morton
Little Mac! Little Mac! You're on Your Own [doubtful by Foster] Mrs. Henrietta Foster Thornton?
1865
The Voices That Are Gone Foster
Our Darling Kate [accomp. by Foster] John Mahon
1866
Sweet Emerald Isle That I Love So Well [melody by Foster] George Cooper
1867
What Does Every Good Child Say? anonymous
Praise the Lord! Foster
1869
Kiss Me Mother Ere I Die Foster
Zalmon (L. M.) (by "S. F." from The Victory by William Batchelder Bradbury) S. F.



Old Black Joe

http://www.campbashore.org/OBJ.JPG

Joseph Johns was born into slavery on a corn and cotton plantation in Fauquier County, Virginia, in 1794.  At the age of 49, he fled northward to Pennsylvania, with two other slaves in 1843.  They traveled mostly in the darkness of night, crawling on hands and knees, and slept during the day, so they would not be discovered. They had to swim or wade across every lake, river and stream because to use a bridge would be too dangerous. There were many bounty hunters at the time, anxious to capture runaway slaves and return them to the masters for a reward. 

 Eventually he met up with John Fahler who owned the farm that has now become Bashore Scout Reservation near Greenpoint, PA.  Mr. Fahler gave him permission to construct a small hut and live on his property in exchange for help on his farm.  The hut was constructed of Oak and Birch logs, in an Indian tepee style, with its walls packed with mud and leaves to keep out the weather. It was reported to be twelve feet in diameter and thirteen feet tall. It had a wooden door, but no windows. It was heated by a small woodstove. Nearby were two springs which still flow today. He lived off the land, hunting and fishing. He primarily made his money by working for the local farmers and selling charcoal that he made for the local iron furnaces and railroad. There are approximately twelve charcoal "flats" on the mountainside that are still visible.

 He lived in solitude up on the mountainside until his death on February 7, 1906. Because no official birth records were kept of slaves, there is a chance that he could have been older than 112 when he died.  He remembered the War of 1812 in great detail.  In an interview shortly before his death, he recollected, how he, a boy of 10 years old watched George Washington's funeral train pass through the town where he lived.  If this were true he would have been about 117 years old at the time of his death.  

The original site of his hut can still be visited. Over the years since the Fahler Farm became Bashore Scout Reservation, the hut has been rebuilt several times by the Scouts as service projects. During the reconstruction, several artifacts were discovered such as broken pottery and a hand made mule shoe.  In 1994 a stone memorial was erected at the entrance of the camp by the Lebanon County Historical Society to preserve the amazing legend of "Old Black Joe".   During your stay at Camp Bashore you can learn more details about this local legend, as well as visit the old homestead on top of the mountain. 

from: http://www.campbashore.org/obj.htm

相信人们会从内心为老黑乔的高寿而高兴,作为奴隶,他没有许多东西,没有象样的住所,可是,他拥有快乐的童年和亲爱的朋友,他拥有至今任何大富人都没有过 的一百一十多岁的高寿。


P.S.
_______

小说《活着》的作者余华偶然的机会听到《老黑奴》决定写下一篇这样的小说,就是这篇《活着》:

《活着》英文版后记

我在1993年中文版的自序里写下这样一段话:“我听到了一首美国民歌《老黑奴》,歌中那位 老黑奴经历了一生的苦难,家人都先他而去,而他依然友好地对待这个世界,没有一句抱怨的话。这首歌深深地打动了我,我决定写下一篇这样的小说,就是这篇 《活着》。”

作家的写作往往是从一个微笑、一个手势、一个转瞬即逝的记忆、一句随便的谈话、一段散落在报 纸夹缝中的消息开始的,这些水珠般微小的细节有时候会勾起漫长的命运和波澜壮阔的场景。《活着》的写作也不例外,一首美国的民歌,寥寥数行的表达,成长了 福贵动荡和苦难的一生,也是平静和快乐的一生。

老黑奴和福贵,这是两个绝然不同的人。他们生活在不同的国家,经历着不同的时代,属于不同的 民族和不同的文化,有着不同的肤色和不同的嗜好,然而有时候他们就像是同一个人。这是因为所有的不同都无法抵挡一个基本的共同之处,人的共同之处。人的体 验和欲望还有想象和理解,会取消所有不同的界限,会让一个人从他人的经历里感受到自己的命运,就像是在不同的镜子里看到的都是自己的形象。我想这就是文学 的神奇,这样的神奇曾经让我,一位遥远的中国读者在纳撒尼尔·霍桑、威廉·福克纳和托妮·莫里森的作品里读到我自己。

                                                                                            余  华   北京,2002年4月26日

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